Research Article
Year 2023,
Volume: 81 Issue: Özel Sayı - DEPREM ÖZEL SAYISI-I (KAMU HUKUKU), 49 - 71, 15.10.2023
Abstract
Afet; canlı yaşamını durduran veya kesintiye uğratan, yerel kaynaklarla mücadele etmenin mümkün olmadığı, can ve mal kayıpları meydana getiren doğal, teknolojik ve insan kaynaklı olaylar olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Dünya genelinde yaşanan afetler sayı ve şiddet bakımından günden güne artış göstermekle birlikte teknolojik, askeri ve sosyolojik gelişmeler de afet tiplerini çeşitlendirerek kriz yönetimini zor hale getirmiştir. Afetlerin yıkıcı etkilerinden kaynaklanan can ve mal kayıplarını en aza indirmek amacıyla ulusal ve uluslararası çeşitli çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmektedir.
Afet kaynaklı kriz durumlarına müdahale süreçlerindeki bürokratik engelleri aşma, acil durum koordinasyonunu etkin kılma, afet hukukundan kaynaklı sorumluluk standartlarını belirleme amaçlarıyla kabul edilen Uluslararası Afet Hukuku (IDRL) da bu çalışmalar arasında yer almaktadır. Bu bağlamda, IDRL’nin gelişim süreçleri, hedefleri ve mevcut yapısına ilişkin eleştirilerin açıklanması çalışmanın temel amacını oluşturmaktadır.
Araştırmada IDRL’nin; risk analizi, kurumlararası koordinasyon ve uluslararası afet hukukunu standartlaştırması konularında önemli ilkeler içerdiği; etkin bir şekilde uygulanması durumunda toplumsal afet direncini artıracağı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Esnek hukuk normlarını içermesi, yardımcı aktör mekanizmasını ilkeler arasında detaylı bir şekilde ele alması, kabul edilen hükümlerin iç hukuka aktarılmasında yetersiz kalması gibi durumlar uyum düzeyini ve etkinliği düşüren nedenler arasında sıralanmıştır.
Keywords
References
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- IFRC. International Disaster Response Laws, Rules and Principles (IDRL) in Vanuatu. Geneva: International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, 2020.
- IFRC. Introduction to The Guidelines for the Domestic Facilitation and Regulation of İnternational Disaster Relief and İnitial Recovery Assistance. Geneva: International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, 2017.
- ISDR. “Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters.” Erişim 15 Mart 2023. https://www.preventionweb.net/files/1037_hyogoframeworkforactionenglish.pdf.
- Jiang, Shibo. “International Disaster Response Law and Policy in China: Evolution, Problem and Resolution.” Chinese Journal of International Law 12, no. 3 (Eylül, 2013): 455-65. https://doi.org/10.1093/chinesejil/jmt031
- Katoch, Arjun. “The Responders' Cauldron: The Uniqueness Of International Disaster Response.” Journal of International Affairs 59 no. 2 (Haziran, 2006): 153-172.
- Kaya, Yasemin. Uluslararası Çevre Anlaşmalarına Uyum Sorunu. Bursa: Ezgi, 2012.
- Klabbers, Jan. “The Undesirability of Soft Law.” Nordic Journal of International Law 67, (1998): 381-91. doi:10.1163/15718109820295741
- Lu, Yi and Xu, Jiuping. “NGO Collaboration in Community Post-Disaster Reconstruction: Field Research Following the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in China.” Disasters 39, no.2 (November 2015): 258- 78.
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- Park, Eun-Seon and Yoon Dong Keun. “The value of NGOs in disaster management and governance in South Korea and Japan.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 69, (February, 2022): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102739
- Reinecke, Isabelle. “International Disaster Response Law and the Coordination of International Organisations.” The ANU Undergraduate Research Journal 2, (Aralık, 2010): 143-62. 10.22459/AURJ.02.2010.09
- Selth, Andrew. “Even Paranoids Have Enemies: Cyclone Nargis and Myanmar's Fears of Invasion.” Contemporary Southeast Asia 30, no. 3 (Aralık, 2008): 379-402. DOI:10.1355/cs30-3b
- Shaw, Malcolm. Uluslararası Hukuk. Ankara: Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, 2018.
- Smith, Peter Macalister. “The International Relief Union of 1932.” Disasters 5, no. 3 (Haziran, 1932): 147-54. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.1981.tb01098.x
- Sohrabizadeh, Sanaz., Moghaddam, Parvin Shafiei., Zarnaqi, Bayram., Yousefian, Shiva., Pirani, Davoud., Sahebi, Ali., Ashtiani, Iman., Jahangiri, Katayoun. “Challenges and Barriers to the Participation of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Flood Management: A Qualitative Study from Iran.” Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 17, (Haziran, 2023): 1-7. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2022.123
- Supancana, I.B.R. “Conference on Space Law and Space Applications for Disaster Management in the Asia Pacific Region.” içinde “International Disaster Response Law, Rules and Principles (IDRL) Programme of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societes, 75-81. Chiang Mai: IFRC, 2007.
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- Venturini, Gabriella. “International Disaster Response Law.” içinde International Disaster Response Law in Relation to Other Branches of International Law, Editörler. Andrea de Guttry, Marco Gestri ve Gabriella Venturini, 45-64. Hague: Asser Press, 2012.
Year 2023,
Volume: 81 Issue: Özel Sayı - DEPREM ÖZEL SAYISI-I (KAMU HUKUKU), 49 - 71, 15.10.2023
Abstract
References
- Albayrak, Gökhan. “Afetten Etkilenen Devletin İnsani Yardımlara Keyfi Olarak Rıza Göstermemesi Sorunu: Uluslararası Hukuk Açısından Myanmar Nargiz Kasırgası Örneği.” TBB Dergisi 146, (Haziran, 2020): 55-76.
- Bannon, Victoria. International Disaster Response Laws (IDRL) Project Report 2002-2003. Geneva: International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, December 2003.
- Bookmiller, Kirsten Nakjavani. “Professional Standards and Legal Standard Setting.” Vanderbilt Law Review 48, no.4 (October, 2015): 957-984.
- British Red Cross. Analysis of Law in the United Kingdom pertaining to Cross-Border Disaster Relief. London: British İnstitute of İnternational and Comparative Law, 2010.
- Carnegie, Allison ve Dolan, Lindsay R. “The Effects of Rejecting Aid on Recipients” Reputations: Evidence From Natural Disaster Responses.” The Review of International Organizations 16, no. 3 (Ağustos, 2021): 495-519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-020-09393-y
- Cazala, Julien. “Le Soft Law İnternational Entre İnspiration et Aspiration,” Revue İnterdisciplinaire d'études Juridiques 66, (January, 2011): 41-84.
- Clement, Claire. “International Disaster Response Laws, Rules, and Principles: A Pragmatic Approach to Strengthening International Disaster Response Mechanisms.” içinde The International Law of Disaster Relief, Editörler David Caron, Michael Kelly ve Anastasia Telesetsky, 67-88. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014.
- CRED. Human Cost of Disaster An Overview of the Last 20 Years 2000-2019. Brussels: United Nations, 2020.
- de Guttry, Andrea. “International Disaster Response Law.” içinde Surveying the Law, Editörler Andrea de Guttry, Marco Gestri ve Gabriella Venturini, (Hague: Asser Press, 2012), 3-44.
- EİRD. “Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action for a Safer World.” Erişim 25 Mart 2023. https://www.eird.org/fulltext/Yokohama- strategy/Yokohama%20Strategy%20and%20Plan%20of%20Action%20for%20a%20Safer%20World.pdf.
- Farnham, John W. “Disaster and Emergency Communications Prior to Computers/Internet: a Review.” Crit Care 10, no.1 (Aralık 2006): 1-4. doi.10.1186/cc3944.
- Fastenrath, Ulrich. “Relative Normativity in International Law.” European Journal of International Law 4, no.3 (Ocak, 1993): 305-340. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.ejil.a035832
- Fisher, David. “The Law of International Disaster Response: Overview and Ramifications for Military Actors.” International Law Studies 83, (Haziran 2008): 115-43.
- Genç, Fatma Neval. Afet Yönetimi. Ankara: Nobel, 2021.
- Giustiniani, F. Z. “The Works of the International Law Commission on Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters A Critical Appraisal.” içinde International Disaster Response Law, Editörler Andrea de Guttry, Marco Gestri ve Gabriella Venturini, 65-74. Hague: Asser Press. 2012.
- Hesselman, Marlies and Lane, Lottie “Disasters and Non-State Actors –Human Rights-Based Approaches.” Disaster Prevention and Management 26, no. 5 (November, 2017): 526-539. DOI 10.1108/DPM-07-2017-0174
- Hillig, Zoe and Connell, John. “Social Capital in a Crisis: NGO Responses to the 2015 Nepalese Earthquakes.” Asia Pacific Viewpoint 59, no.3 (December, 2018): 309-22.
- ICRC. “The International Conferences of the Red Cross as a factor for the development of international humanitarian law and the cohesion of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.” ICRC, Erişim 22 Haziran 2023. https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/resources/documents/article/other/57jmr9.html.
- IFRC. “Convention and Statute Establishing an International Relief Union.” Erişim 29 Mart 2023. https://disasterlaw.ifrc.org/media/1277.
- IFRC. “Council Of Delegates of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.” Erişim 23 Haziran 2023. https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/assets/files/other/icrc_002_1108.pdf.
- IFRC. “Law and Disaster Preparedness and Response Literature Review.” Erişim 23 Haziran 2023, https://reliefweb.int/report/world/law-and-disaster-preparedness-and-response-literature- review.
- IFRC. “Model Act for the Facilitation and Regulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance.” Erişim 21 Mart 2023. https://disasterlaw.ifrc.org/media/1772.
- IFRC. International Disaster Response Laws, Rules and Principles (IDRL) in Vanuatu. Geneva: International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, 2020.
- IFRC. Introduction to The Guidelines for the Domestic Facilitation and Regulation of İnternational Disaster Relief and İnitial Recovery Assistance. Geneva: International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, 2017.
- ISDR. “Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters.” Erişim 15 Mart 2023. https://www.preventionweb.net/files/1037_hyogoframeworkforactionenglish.pdf.
- Jiang, Shibo. “International Disaster Response Law and Policy in China: Evolution, Problem and Resolution.” Chinese Journal of International Law 12, no. 3 (Eylül, 2013): 455-65. https://doi.org/10.1093/chinesejil/jmt031
- Katoch, Arjun. “The Responders' Cauldron: The Uniqueness Of International Disaster Response.” Journal of International Affairs 59 no. 2 (Haziran, 2006): 153-172.
- Kaya, Yasemin. Uluslararası Çevre Anlaşmalarına Uyum Sorunu. Bursa: Ezgi, 2012.
- Klabbers, Jan. “The Undesirability of Soft Law.” Nordic Journal of International Law 67, (1998): 381-91. doi:10.1163/15718109820295741
- Lu, Yi and Xu, Jiuping. “NGO Collaboration in Community Post-Disaster Reconstruction: Field Research Following the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in China.” Disasters 39, no.2 (November 2015): 258- 78.
- Our World In Data. “Natural Disasters.” Erişim 10 Mart 2023. https://ourworldindata.org/natural-disasters
- Park, Eun-Seon and Yoon Dong Keun. “The value of NGOs in disaster management and governance in South Korea and Japan.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 69, (February, 2022): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102739
- Reinecke, Isabelle. “International Disaster Response Law and the Coordination of International Organisations.” The ANU Undergraduate Research Journal 2, (Aralık, 2010): 143-62. 10.22459/AURJ.02.2010.09
- Selth, Andrew. “Even Paranoids Have Enemies: Cyclone Nargis and Myanmar's Fears of Invasion.” Contemporary Southeast Asia 30, no. 3 (Aralık, 2008): 379-402. DOI:10.1355/cs30-3b
- Shaw, Malcolm. Uluslararası Hukuk. Ankara: Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, 2018.
- Smith, Peter Macalister. “The International Relief Union of 1932.” Disasters 5, no. 3 (Haziran, 1932): 147-54. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.1981.tb01098.x
- Sohrabizadeh, Sanaz., Moghaddam, Parvin Shafiei., Zarnaqi, Bayram., Yousefian, Shiva., Pirani, Davoud., Sahebi, Ali., Ashtiani, Iman., Jahangiri, Katayoun. “Challenges and Barriers to the Participation of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Flood Management: A Qualitative Study from Iran.” Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 17, (Haziran, 2023): 1-7. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2022.123
- Supancana, I.B.R. “Conference on Space Law and Space Applications for Disaster Management in the Asia Pacific Region.” içinde “International Disaster Response Law, Rules and Principles (IDRL) Programme of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societes, 75-81. Chiang Mai: IFRC, 2007.
- UN. “International Law and National Frameworks.” Erişim 27 Mart 2023. https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/discom101.htm#:~:text=There%20is%20no%20rule%20of,systems%20of%20the%20States%20Parties.
- Venturini, Gabriella. “International Disaster Response Law.” içinde International Disaster Response Law in Relation to Other Branches of International Law, Editörler. Andrea de Guttry, Marco Gestri ve Gabriella Venturini, 45-64. Hague: Asser Press, 2012.
There are 40 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | International Humanitarian and Human Rights Law |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | October 25, 2023 |
| Publication Date | October 15, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 81 Issue: Özel Sayı - DEPREM ÖZEL SAYISI-I (KAMU HUKUKU) |
