NEGATİF VE POZİTİF ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜN KÖK KULLANIMLARI OLARAK HÜR, HÜRRIYET VE ÖZGÜRLÜK ÜZERİNE BIR SORUŞTURMA
Abstract
Özgürlük insan hayatının merkezinde olan değerlerdendir. Çalışmamız Hint-Avrupa dil ailesi içerisinde yer alan bazı dillerde özgürlük kavramını karşılayan kelimelerin etimolojik kökenlerini incelemeye, ardından etimolojik kökenlerinin onların kavramsal kullanımlarına olan etkisini araştırmaya çalışmaktadır. Ayrıca etüdümüzde özgürlük kavramını karşılayan kelimelerin etimolojik uzanımlarından hareketle negatif özgürlük ve pozitif özgürlük şeklinde karşımıza çıkan kavramlarının izleri sürülecektir. Makalemiz, İngilizcede kullanılan ve özgürlüğü karşılayan “liberty” sözcüğünün etimolojik kökeni ve kullanım kapsamı çerçevesinde daha sonradan belirecek olan “negatif özgürlük kavramını ima ettiğini, hürriyeti karşılayan “freedom” kelimesinin ise etimolojik kökeni ve kullanım kapsamı itibarıyla “pozitif özgürlük” kavramına işaret ettiğini iddia edecektir.
References
- Adams, D.Q.-Mallory, J.P. (1997) Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. London : Fitzroy Dearborn.Barfield, O. (1926) History in English Words. London: Methuen.Barry, N.P. (1989) An Introduction to Modern Political Theory. London: Macmillan.Benveniste, E. (1973) Indo-European Language and Society. Tran. Elizabeth Palmer, London: Faber.Berlin, I. (2002) Liberty : Incorporating Four Essays on Liberty. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Blau, A. (2004) “Against Positive and Negative Freedom”. Political Theory, Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 547-553.Buck, D.C. (1949) A Dictionary of Synonyms in The Principal Indo-European Languages: A Contribution to The History of Ideas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Gamqrelize, T.-Ivanov, V.V.-Rhodes, R. (1995) Indo-European and The Indo-Europeans. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Hailwood, S. (1996) Exploring Nozick: Beyond Anarchy, State and Utopia. Aldershot: AveburyHall, J. (1973) An Introduction to His Political Philosophy. London: Macmillan.Heywood, A. (1999) Political Theory: An Introduction. London: Palgrave Macmillan.Hooft, S. v. (2006) Virtue Ethics. Chesham: Acumen.Hornback, B. (2004) Letter: Liberty and Freedom. [Online]. Available from: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20040810/ai_n12796555 (Accessed 10 March 2009)Hruby, M. (2007) “How Freedom Does The Modern Education Need?” [Online]. Available from: http://virtuni.eas.sk/rocnik/2007/pdf/fid000071.pdf (Accessed 10 March 2018)Kala, M.E. (2009) A Study of Rousseau's Concept of the General Will, With Reference to The Distinction Between Positive and Negative Liberty. Unpublished MA Dissertation, University of Liverpool.Lewis, C.S. (1990) Studies in Words. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Lehmann, W. P. (1986) Gothic Etymological Dictionary. London: Brill.Miller, D. (1991) Liberty. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Mises, L. v. (1936) Socialism: An Economic and Sociological Analysis. London: Jonathan Cape.Onions, C. T. (1966) The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Öner, N. (2015) Bilginin Serüveni. Ankara: Divan Yay.Picturesque Word Origins. (1933). G. & C. Merriam.Robertson, D. (1985) A Dictionary of Modern Politics. London: Euro Publications Limited.Rousseau, J.J. (1988) Rousseau’s Political Writings. Trans. and Ed., Ritter, A.&Bondanella, J. New York: W.W.Norton&Company.
Abstract
Freedom is one of the central values for human life. The paper has tried to examine the etymological roots of the words indicating freedom and liberty in a number of Indo-European languages and investigate the influences of etymological roots of these words on the conceptual usages. Furthermore, two appearing concepts, namely, negative freedom and positive freedom shall be traced on the extension of words, namely freedom and liberty. The essay will assert that while the word of liberty, which is used in English, has implied the concept of negative freedom within the framework of etymological root and the scope of usage, the word of freedom has pointed at the concept of positive freedom from the point of view of the etymological root and the scope of usage.
References
- Adams, D.Q.-Mallory, J.P. (1997) Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. London : Fitzroy Dearborn.Barfield, O. (1926) History in English Words. London: Methuen.Barry, N.P. (1989) An Introduction to Modern Political Theory. London: Macmillan.Benveniste, E. (1973) Indo-European Language and Society. Tran. Elizabeth Palmer, London: Faber.Berlin, I. (2002) Liberty : Incorporating Four Essays on Liberty. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Blau, A. (2004) “Against Positive and Negative Freedom”. Political Theory, Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 547-553.Buck, D.C. (1949) A Dictionary of Synonyms in The Principal Indo-European Languages: A Contribution to The History of Ideas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Gamqrelize, T.-Ivanov, V.V.-Rhodes, R. (1995) Indo-European and The Indo-Europeans. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Hailwood, S. (1996) Exploring Nozick: Beyond Anarchy, State and Utopia. Aldershot: AveburyHall, J. (1973) An Introduction to His Political Philosophy. London: Macmillan.Heywood, A. (1999) Political Theory: An Introduction. London: Palgrave Macmillan.Hooft, S. v. (2006) Virtue Ethics. Chesham: Acumen.Hornback, B. (2004) Letter: Liberty and Freedom. [Online]. Available from: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20040810/ai_n12796555 (Accessed 10 March 2009)Hruby, M. (2007) “How Freedom Does The Modern Education Need?” [Online]. Available from: http://virtuni.eas.sk/rocnik/2007/pdf/fid000071.pdf (Accessed 10 March 2018)Kala, M.E. (2009) A Study of Rousseau's Concept of the General Will, With Reference to The Distinction Between Positive and Negative Liberty. Unpublished MA Dissertation, University of Liverpool.Lewis, C.S. (1990) Studies in Words. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Lehmann, W. P. (1986) Gothic Etymological Dictionary. London: Brill.Miller, D. (1991) Liberty. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Mises, L. v. (1936) Socialism: An Economic and Sociological Analysis. London: Jonathan Cape.Onions, C. T. (1966) The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Öner, N. (2015) Bilginin Serüveni. Ankara: Divan Yay.Picturesque Word Origins. (1933). G. & C. Merriam.Robertson, D. (1985) A Dictionary of Modern Politics. London: Euro Publications Limited.Rousseau, J.J. (1988) Rousseau’s Political Writings. Trans. and Ed., Ritter, A.&Bondanella, J. New York: W.W.Norton&Company.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 29, 2018 |
| Submission Date | November 11, 2017 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018 Volume: 8 Issue: 1 |
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