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ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE: INVESTIGATION THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH ON THE ENVIRONMENT IN TURKEY VIA NOVEL DYNAMIC ARDL SIMULATIONS MODEL

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 19, 207 - 228, 30.08.2022

Mustafa Necati Çoban Oktay Özkan

Abstract

This study was carried out to empirically examine the impact of globalization and economic growth on the environment in Turkey. In the study, it was also investigated whether the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis was currently valid or not in Turkey. In the study, analyzes were applied with the novel dynamic ARDL simulation model using annual time series data between 1970 and 2019. The findings showed that (1) increases (decreases) in gross domestic product increased (decrease) carbon dioxide emissions both in the short- and long-run; (2) increases (decreases) in the square of gross domestic product increased (decrease) carbon dioxide emissions both in the short- and long-run; (3) increases (decreases) in globalization increased (decrease) only carbon dioxide emissions in the long-run; (4) economic growth first effected the environment negatively and then positively. Based on these results, it was concluded that the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis was currently valid in Turkey. These results indicate that policymakers should follow policies that increase economic growth in a sustainable way and environmentally friendly policies in globalization processes.

Keywords

Environmental Kuznets Curve Globalization Economic Growth Dynamic ARDL Simulations Model CO2 Emissions

References

  • Abbasi, K. R., Adedoyin, F. F., Abbas, J., & Hussain, K. (2021). The impact of energy depletion and renewable energy on CO2 emissions in Thailand: Fresh evidence from the novel dynamic ARDL simulation. Renewable Energy, 180, ss.1439-1450.
  • Adebayo, T.S.; Coelho, M.F.; Onbaşıoğlu, D.Ç.; Rjoub, H.; Mata, M.N.; Carvalho, P.V.; Rita, J.X. & Adeshola, I. (2021). Modeling the dynamic linkage between renewable energy consumption, Globalization, and environmental degradation in South Korea: Does technological innovation matter? Energies, 14, 4265. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144265
  • Agénor, P. R. (2002). Does globalization hurt the poor?, International Economics and Economic Policy, 1: 21–51.
  • Ahmed, Z., Zhang, B. & Cary, M. (2021). Linking economic globalization, economic growth, financial development, and ecological footprint: Evidence from symmetric and asymmetric ARDL, Ecological Indicators, Volume 121, 107060, ISSN 1470-160X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107060.
  • Akadiri, S. S., Alola, A. A., Olasehinde-Williams, G. & Etokakpan, M. U. (2020). The role of electricity consumption, globalization and economic growth in carbon dioxide emissions and its implications for environmental sustainability targets, Science of The Total Environment, Volume 708, 134653, ISSN 0048-9697, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134653.
  • Alam, M. S. & Paramati, S. R. (2015). Do oil consumption and economic growth intensify environmental degradation? Evidence from developing economies, Applied Economics, 47:48, 5186-5203, DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2015.1044647
  • Amin, A. & Dogan, E. (2021). The role of economic policy uncertainty in the energy-environment nexus for China: Evidence from the novel dynamic simulations method. Journal of Environmental Management, 292, 112865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112865.
  • Antweiler, W., Copeland, B. R. & Taylor, M. S. (2001). Is Free Trade Good for the Environment? American Economic Review, 91 (4): 877-908.
  • Audi, M. & Ali, A. (2018). Determinants of Environmental Degradation under the Perspective of Globalization: A Panel Analysis of Selected MENA Nations, Munich Personal RePEc Archive, MPRA Paper No. 85776.
  • Awan, A.M. & Azam, M. (2021). Evaluating the impact of GDP per capita on environmental degradation for G-20 economies: Does N-shaped environmental Kuznets curve exist?. Environ Dev Sustain (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01899-8
  • Chien, F., Ajaz, T., Andlib, Z., Chau, K. Y., Ahmad, P. & Sharif, A. (2021). The role of technology innovation, renewable energy and globalization in reducing environmental degradation in Pakistan: A step towards sustainable environment, Renewable Energy, Volume 177,Pages 308-317, ISSN 0960-1481, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.05.101.
  • Cole, M. A. (2006). Does trade liberalization increase national energy use?, Economics Letters, Volume 92, Issue 1, Pages 108-112, ISSN 0165-1765, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2006.01.018.
  • Dedeoğlu, D. & Kaya, H. (2013). Energy use, exports, imports and GDP: New evidence from the OECD countries, Energy Policy, Volume 57, Pages 469-476, ISSN 0301-4215, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.02.016.
  • Dollar, D. & Kraay, A. (2004). Trade, Growth and Poverty, The Economic Journal, Volume 114, Issue 493, February 2004, Pages F22–F49.
  • Gygli, S., Haelg, F., Potrafke, N., & Sturm, J.E. (2019). The KOF Globalisation Index – Revisited. Review of International Organizations, 14(3), ss.543-574.
  • Danish, & Ulucak, R. (2020). Linking biomass energy and CO2 emissions in China using dynamic Autoregressive-Distributed Lag simulations. Journal of Cleaner Production, 250, 119533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119533.
  • Danish, & Ulucak, R. (2022). Analyzing energy innovation-emissions nexus in China: A novel dynamic simulation method. Energy, 244(Part B), 123010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.123010.
  • Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366), ss.427-431.
  • Erixon, F. (2018). The Economic Benefits of Globalization for Business and Consumers. European Centre for International Political Economy (ECIPE), Brussels Available at. https://ecipe.org/publications (Erişim tarihi: 05.05.2022).
  • Gozgor, G. & Ranjan, P. (2017). Globalisation, inequality and redistribution: theory and evidence, World Econ., 40 (12) (2017), ss. 2704-2751
  • Jelisavac Trošić, S. (2016). Economic Globalization – advantages and disadvantages: the place of Serbia and Japan in the globalized World. In: Globalized World: Advantage or Disadvantage. Institute of International Politics and Economics; Global Resource Management, Doshisha University, Belgrade; Kyoto, pp. 108-121. ISBN 978-86-7067-222-2
  • Jena, P. R. & Grote, U. (2008). Growth–trade–environment nexus in India, Economics Bulletin, Access Econ, vol. 17(11), pages 1-11.
  • Jordan, S., & Philips, A. Q. (2018). Cointegration testing and dynamic simulations of autoregressive distributed lag models. The Stata Journal, 18(4), ss.902-923.
  • Kahuthu, A. (2006). Economic Growth and Environmental Degradation in a Global Context. Environ Dev Sustain, 8, 55–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-005-0785-3
  • Kan, S., Chen, B., Meng, J. & Chen, G. (2019). An extended overview of natural gas use embodied in world economy and supply chains: Policy implications from a time series analysis, Energy Policy, Volume 137, 111068, ISSN 0301-4215, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.111068.
  • Khan, M. B., Saleem, H., Shabbir, M. S., & Huobao, X. (2021). The effects of globalization, energy consumption and economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions in South Asian countries, Energy & Environment, 0958305X2098689. doi:10.1177/0958305x20986896
  • Kihombo, S., Vaseer, A.I., Ahmed, Z., Chen, S., Kirikkaleli, D. & Adebayo, T.S. (2022). Is there a tradeoff between financial globalization, economic growth, and environmental sustainability? An advanced panel analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 29, 3983–3993 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15878-z
  • Kripfganz, S., & Schneider, D. C. (2020). Response surface regressions for critical value bounds and approximate p-values in equilibrium correction models 1. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 82, pp.1456-1481.
  • Kocak, E. (2004). Türkiye’de Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi Hipotezinin Geçerliliği: ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı. İşletme ve İktisat Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2(3), ss.62-73.
  • Kumar, N. (2019). Globalization and Environment: Antagonistic or Agnostic. In: Singh, M., Cremer, W., Kumar, N. (eds) Open Markets, Free Trade and Sustainable Development. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7426-5_8
  • Olasehinde-Williams, G., & Oshodi, A. F. (2021). Global value chains and export growth in South Africa: evidence from dynamic ARDL simulations. Transnational Corporations Review. https://doi.org/10.1080/19186444.2021.1959833.
  • Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), ss.289-326.
  • Phillips, P. C. B, & Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biometrika, 75(2), ss.335-346.
  • Rafindadi, A. A. & Usman, O. (2019). Globalization, energy use, and environmental degradation in South Africa: Startling empirical evidence from the Maki-cointegration test, Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 244, Pages 265-275, ISSN 0301-4797, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.048.
  • Rahman, S., Chen, S., Saud, S., Bano, S. & Haseeb, A. (2019). The nexus between financial development, globalization, and environmental degradation: Fresh evidence from Central and Eastern European Countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 26, 24733–24747. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05714-w
  • Rahman, H.U.; Zaman, U. & Górecki, J. (2021). The Role of Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and Globalization in Environmental Degradation: Empirical Evidence from the BRICS Region. Sustainability , 13, 1924. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041924
  • Shahzadi, A., Yaseen, M.R. & Anwar, S. (2019). Relationship between Globalization and Environmental Degradation in Low Income Countries: An Application of Kuznets Curve, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 12(19), DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2019/v12i19/143994
  • Sharif, A., Godil, D. I., Xu, B., Sinha, A., Khan, S. A. R. & Jermsittiparsert, K. (2020). Revisiting the role of tourism and globalization in environmental degradation in China: Fresh insights from the quantile ARDL approach, Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 272, 122906, ISSN 0959-6526, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122906.
  • Stern, D. I. (2007). The Effect of NAFTA on Energy and Environmental Efficiency in Mexico. Policy Studies Journal, 35(2), 291–322. doi:10.1111/j.1541-0072.2007.00221.x
  • Twerefou, D. K., Danso-Mensah, K., & Bokpin, G. A. (2017). The environmental effects of economic growth and globalization in Sub-Saharan Africa: A panel general method of moments approach, Research in International Business and Finance, Volume 42, Pages 939-949, ISSN 0275-5319, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2017.07.028.
  • Ulucak, Z. Ş., İlkay, S. Ç., Özcan, B., & Gedikli, A. (2020). Financial globalization and environmental degradation nexus: Evidence from emerging economies, Resources Policy, Volume 67,101698, ISSN 0301-4207, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101698.
  • Usman, O., Olanipekun, I.O., Iorember, P.T. & Abu-Goodman, M. (2020). Modelling environmental degradation in South Africa: the effects of energy consumption, democracy, and globalization using innovation accounting tests. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 27, 8334–8349 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06687-6.
  • Wen, J., Mughal, N. Zhao, J. Shabbir, M. S., Niedbała, G., Jain, V., & Anwar, A. (2021). Does globalization matter for environmental degradation? Nexus among energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon dioxide emission, Energy Policy, Volume 153, 112230, ISSN 0301-4215, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112230.

ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ: TÜRKİYE'DE KÜRESELLEŞME VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜMENİN ÇEVRE ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN YENİ DİNAMİK ARDL SİMÜLASYON MODELİ İLE İNCELENMESİ

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 19, 207 - 228, 30.08.2022

Mustafa Necati Çoban Oktay Özkan

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de küreselleşme ve ekonomik büyümenin çevre üzerindeki etkisini ampirik olarak incelemek için gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi hipotezinin Türkiye’de güncel olarak geçerli olup olmadığı da araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, 1970 ile 2019 arasındaki yıllık zaman serisi verileri kullanılarak yeni bir yöntem olan dinamik ARDL simülasyon modeli ile analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda (1) gayri safi yurtiçi hasılada meydana gelen artışların (azalışların) karbondioksit emisyonlarını hem kısa dönemde hem de uzun dönemde artırdığı (azalttığı); (2) gayri safi yurtiçi hasılanın karesinde meydana gelen artışların (azalışların) karbondioksit emisyonlarını hem kısa dönemde hem de uzun dönemde azalttığı (artırdığı); (3) küreselleşmede meydana gelen artışların (azalışların) karbondioksit emisyonlarını sadece uzun dönemde artırdığı (azalttığı); (4) ekonomik büyümenin çevreyi önce olumsuz etkilediği ve daha sonrasında ise çevreyi olumlu etkilediği, dolayısıyla Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi hipotezinin Türkiye’de güncel olarak geçerli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, politika yapıcıların ekonomik büyümeyi sürdürülebilir bir şekilde artıran ve küreselleşme süreçlerinde çevre dostu politikalar izlemeleri gerektiğini belirtmektedir. 

Keywords

Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi Küreselleşme Ekonomik Büyüme Dinamik ARDL Simülasyon Modeli CO2 Emisyonları

References

  • Abbasi, K. R., Adedoyin, F. F., Abbas, J., & Hussain, K. (2021). The impact of energy depletion and renewable energy on CO2 emissions in Thailand: Fresh evidence from the novel dynamic ARDL simulation. Renewable Energy, 180, ss.1439-1450.
  • Adebayo, T.S.; Coelho, M.F.; Onbaşıoğlu, D.Ç.; Rjoub, H.; Mata, M.N.; Carvalho, P.V.; Rita, J.X. & Adeshola, I. (2021). Modeling the dynamic linkage between renewable energy consumption, Globalization, and environmental degradation in South Korea: Does technological innovation matter? Energies, 14, 4265. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144265
  • Agénor, P. R. (2002). Does globalization hurt the poor?, International Economics and Economic Policy, 1: 21–51.
  • Ahmed, Z., Zhang, B. & Cary, M. (2021). Linking economic globalization, economic growth, financial development, and ecological footprint: Evidence from symmetric and asymmetric ARDL, Ecological Indicators, Volume 121, 107060, ISSN 1470-160X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107060.
  • Akadiri, S. S., Alola, A. A., Olasehinde-Williams, G. & Etokakpan, M. U. (2020). The role of electricity consumption, globalization and economic growth in carbon dioxide emissions and its implications for environmental sustainability targets, Science of The Total Environment, Volume 708, 134653, ISSN 0048-9697, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134653.
  • Alam, M. S. & Paramati, S. R. (2015). Do oil consumption and economic growth intensify environmental degradation? Evidence from developing economies, Applied Economics, 47:48, 5186-5203, DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2015.1044647
  • Amin, A. & Dogan, E. (2021). The role of economic policy uncertainty in the energy-environment nexus for China: Evidence from the novel dynamic simulations method. Journal of Environmental Management, 292, 112865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112865.
  • Antweiler, W., Copeland, B. R. & Taylor, M. S. (2001). Is Free Trade Good for the Environment? American Economic Review, 91 (4): 877-908.
  • Audi, M. & Ali, A. (2018). Determinants of Environmental Degradation under the Perspective of Globalization: A Panel Analysis of Selected MENA Nations, Munich Personal RePEc Archive, MPRA Paper No. 85776.
  • Awan, A.M. & Azam, M. (2021). Evaluating the impact of GDP per capita on environmental degradation for G-20 economies: Does N-shaped environmental Kuznets curve exist?. Environ Dev Sustain (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01899-8
  • Chien, F., Ajaz, T., Andlib, Z., Chau, K. Y., Ahmad, P. & Sharif, A. (2021). The role of technology innovation, renewable energy and globalization in reducing environmental degradation in Pakistan: A step towards sustainable environment, Renewable Energy, Volume 177,Pages 308-317, ISSN 0960-1481, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.05.101.
  • Cole, M. A. (2006). Does trade liberalization increase national energy use?, Economics Letters, Volume 92, Issue 1, Pages 108-112, ISSN 0165-1765, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2006.01.018.
  • Dedeoğlu, D. & Kaya, H. (2013). Energy use, exports, imports and GDP: New evidence from the OECD countries, Energy Policy, Volume 57, Pages 469-476, ISSN 0301-4215, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.02.016.
  • Dollar, D. & Kraay, A. (2004). Trade, Growth and Poverty, The Economic Journal, Volume 114, Issue 493, February 2004, Pages F22–F49.
  • Gygli, S., Haelg, F., Potrafke, N., & Sturm, J.E. (2019). The KOF Globalisation Index – Revisited. Review of International Organizations, 14(3), ss.543-574.
  • Danish, & Ulucak, R. (2020). Linking biomass energy and CO2 emissions in China using dynamic Autoregressive-Distributed Lag simulations. Journal of Cleaner Production, 250, 119533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119533.
  • Danish, & Ulucak, R. (2022). Analyzing energy innovation-emissions nexus in China: A novel dynamic simulation method. Energy, 244(Part B), 123010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.123010.
  • Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366), ss.427-431.
  • Erixon, F. (2018). The Economic Benefits of Globalization for Business and Consumers. European Centre for International Political Economy (ECIPE), Brussels Available at. https://ecipe.org/publications (Erişim tarihi: 05.05.2022).
  • Gozgor, G. & Ranjan, P. (2017). Globalisation, inequality and redistribution: theory and evidence, World Econ., 40 (12) (2017), ss. 2704-2751
  • Jelisavac Trošić, S. (2016). Economic Globalization – advantages and disadvantages: the place of Serbia and Japan in the globalized World. In: Globalized World: Advantage or Disadvantage. Institute of International Politics and Economics; Global Resource Management, Doshisha University, Belgrade; Kyoto, pp. 108-121. ISBN 978-86-7067-222-2
  • Jena, P. R. & Grote, U. (2008). Growth–trade–environment nexus in India, Economics Bulletin, Access Econ, vol. 17(11), pages 1-11.
  • Jordan, S., & Philips, A. Q. (2018). Cointegration testing and dynamic simulations of autoregressive distributed lag models. The Stata Journal, 18(4), ss.902-923.
  • Kahuthu, A. (2006). Economic Growth and Environmental Degradation in a Global Context. Environ Dev Sustain, 8, 55–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-005-0785-3
  • Kan, S., Chen, B., Meng, J. & Chen, G. (2019). An extended overview of natural gas use embodied in world economy and supply chains: Policy implications from a time series analysis, Energy Policy, Volume 137, 111068, ISSN 0301-4215, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.111068.
  • Khan, M. B., Saleem, H., Shabbir, M. S., & Huobao, X. (2021). The effects of globalization, energy consumption and economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions in South Asian countries, Energy & Environment, 0958305X2098689. doi:10.1177/0958305x20986896
  • Kihombo, S., Vaseer, A.I., Ahmed, Z., Chen, S., Kirikkaleli, D. & Adebayo, T.S. (2022). Is there a tradeoff between financial globalization, economic growth, and environmental sustainability? An advanced panel analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 29, 3983–3993 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15878-z
  • Kripfganz, S., & Schneider, D. C. (2020). Response surface regressions for critical value bounds and approximate p-values in equilibrium correction models 1. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 82, pp.1456-1481.
  • Kocak, E. (2004). Türkiye’de Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi Hipotezinin Geçerliliği: ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı. İşletme ve İktisat Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2(3), ss.62-73.
  • Kumar, N. (2019). Globalization and Environment: Antagonistic or Agnostic. In: Singh, M., Cremer, W., Kumar, N. (eds) Open Markets, Free Trade and Sustainable Development. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7426-5_8
  • Olasehinde-Williams, G., & Oshodi, A. F. (2021). Global value chains and export growth in South Africa: evidence from dynamic ARDL simulations. Transnational Corporations Review. https://doi.org/10.1080/19186444.2021.1959833.
  • Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), ss.289-326.
  • Phillips, P. C. B, & Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biometrika, 75(2), ss.335-346.
  • Rafindadi, A. A. & Usman, O. (2019). Globalization, energy use, and environmental degradation in South Africa: Startling empirical evidence from the Maki-cointegration test, Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 244, Pages 265-275, ISSN 0301-4797, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.048.
  • Rahman, S., Chen, S., Saud, S., Bano, S. & Haseeb, A. (2019). The nexus between financial development, globalization, and environmental degradation: Fresh evidence from Central and Eastern European Countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 26, 24733–24747. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05714-w
  • Rahman, H.U.; Zaman, U. & Górecki, J. (2021). The Role of Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and Globalization in Environmental Degradation: Empirical Evidence from the BRICS Region. Sustainability , 13, 1924. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041924
  • Shahzadi, A., Yaseen, M.R. & Anwar, S. (2019). Relationship between Globalization and Environmental Degradation in Low Income Countries: An Application of Kuznets Curve, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 12(19), DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2019/v12i19/143994
  • Sharif, A., Godil, D. I., Xu, B., Sinha, A., Khan, S. A. R. & Jermsittiparsert, K. (2020). Revisiting the role of tourism and globalization in environmental degradation in China: Fresh insights from the quantile ARDL approach, Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 272, 122906, ISSN 0959-6526, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122906.
  • Stern, D. I. (2007). The Effect of NAFTA on Energy and Environmental Efficiency in Mexico. Policy Studies Journal, 35(2), 291–322. doi:10.1111/j.1541-0072.2007.00221.x
  • Twerefou, D. K., Danso-Mensah, K., & Bokpin, G. A. (2017). The environmental effects of economic growth and globalization in Sub-Saharan Africa: A panel general method of moments approach, Research in International Business and Finance, Volume 42, Pages 939-949, ISSN 0275-5319, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2017.07.028.
  • Ulucak, Z. Ş., İlkay, S. Ç., Özcan, B., & Gedikli, A. (2020). Financial globalization and environmental degradation nexus: Evidence from emerging economies, Resources Policy, Volume 67,101698, ISSN 0301-4207, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101698.
  • Usman, O., Olanipekun, I.O., Iorember, P.T. & Abu-Goodman, M. (2020). Modelling environmental degradation in South Africa: the effects of energy consumption, democracy, and globalization using innovation accounting tests. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 27, 8334–8349 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06687-6.
  • Wen, J., Mughal, N. Zhao, J. Shabbir, M. S., Niedbała, G., Jain, V., & Anwar, A. (2021). Does globalization matter for environmental degradation? Nexus among energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon dioxide emission, Energy Policy, Volume 153, 112230, ISSN 0301-4215, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112230.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Tüm Sayı
Authors

Mustafa Necati Çoban 0000-0003-2839-4403

Oktay Özkan 0000-0001-9419-8115

Publication Date August 30, 2022
Submission Date June 24, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: 19

Cite

APA Çoban, M. N., & Özkan, O. (2022). ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ: TÜRKİYE’DE KÜRESELLEŞME VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜMENİN ÇEVRE ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN YENİ DİNAMİK ARDL SİMÜLASYON MODELİ İLE İNCELENMESİ. Akademik Hassasiyetler, 9(19), 207-228.
AMA Çoban MN, Özkan O. ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ: TÜRKİYE’DE KÜRESELLEŞME VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜMENİN ÇEVRE ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN YENİ DİNAMİK ARDL SİMÜLASYON MODELİ İLE İNCELENMESİ. Akademik Hassasiyetler. August 2022;9(19):207-228.
Chicago Çoban, Mustafa Necati, and Oktay Özkan. “ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ: TÜRKİYE’DE KÜRESELLEŞME VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜMENİN ÇEVRE ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN YENİ DİNAMİK ARDL SİMÜLASYON MODELİ İLE İNCELENMESİ”. Akademik Hassasiyetler 9, no. 19 (August 2022): 207-28.
EndNote Çoban MN, Özkan O (August 1, 2022) ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ: TÜRKİYE’DE KÜRESELLEŞME VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜMENİN ÇEVRE ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN YENİ DİNAMİK ARDL SİMÜLASYON MODELİ İLE İNCELENMESİ. Akademik Hassasiyetler 9 19 207–228.
IEEE M. N. Çoban and O. Özkan, “ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ: TÜRKİYE’DE KÜRESELLEŞME VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜMENİN ÇEVRE ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN YENİ DİNAMİK ARDL SİMÜLASYON MODELİ İLE İNCELENMESİ”, Akademik Hassasiyetler, vol. 9, no. 19, pp. 207–228, 2022.
ISNAD Çoban, Mustafa Necati - Özkan, Oktay. “ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ: TÜRKİYE’DE KÜRESELLEŞME VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜMENİN ÇEVRE ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN YENİ DİNAMİK ARDL SİMÜLASYON MODELİ İLE İNCELENMESİ”. Akademik Hassasiyetler 9/19 (August 2022), 207-228.
JAMA Çoban MN, Özkan O. ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ: TÜRKİYE’DE KÜRESELLEŞME VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜMENİN ÇEVRE ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN YENİ DİNAMİK ARDL SİMÜLASYON MODELİ İLE İNCELENMESİ. Akademik Hassasiyetler. 2022;9:207–228.
MLA Çoban, Mustafa Necati and Oktay Özkan. “ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ: TÜRKİYE’DE KÜRESELLEŞME VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜMENİN ÇEVRE ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN YENİ DİNAMİK ARDL SİMÜLASYON MODELİ İLE İNCELENMESİ”. Akademik Hassasiyetler, vol. 9, no. 19, 2022, pp. 207-28.
Vancouver Çoban MN, Özkan O. ÇEVRESEL KUZNETS EĞRİSİ: TÜRKİYE’DE KÜRESELLEŞME VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜMENİN ÇEVRE ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN YENİ DİNAMİK ARDL SİMÜLASYON MODELİ İLE İNCELENMESİ. Akademik Hassasiyetler. 2022;9(19):207-28.
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MAKALE DEĞERLENDİRME SÜRECİ

Yazar tarafından gönderilen bir makale, gönderim tarihinden itibaren 10 gün içinde dergi sekreteri tarafından makalenin, telif sözleşmesinin ve benzerlik raporunun (Turnitin programı) eksiksiz ve düzgün bir şekilde gönderilip gönderilmediği yönünden incelenir. İstenilen bu dosyalar eksiksiz ve düzgün bir şekilde gönderilmiş ise makale; ikinci aşamada derginin yayın çizgisine uygun olup olmadığı yönünden değerlendirilir. Bu süreçte makale yayın çizgisine uygun değilse yazara iade edilir. Makale yayın çizgisine uygun ise şablona uygun bir şekilde gönderilip gönderilmediği yönünden değerlendirilir. Şayet makale şablona uyarlanıp gönderilmemiş ise değerlendirme sürecine alınmaz. Bu süreçte yazarın derginin belirlediği şartlara uygun bir şekilde sisteme makale yüklemesi beklenir. Makale şablona uygun bir şekilde hazırlanıp gönderilmiş ise son aşamada makale derginin yayın ilkeleri, yazım kuralları, öz, abstract, extented abstract, kaynakça gösterimi vb. yönlerden incelenir. Bu ayrıntılarda makalede bir sorun varsa yazarın bu hususları tamamlaması istenir ve verilen süre içerisinde eksiksiz bir şekilde yeniden makaleyi göndermesi istenir.
Tüm bu aşamaları geçen makale, editör tarafından bilimsel yeterliliğinin denetlenmesi amacıyla ikinci 7 günlük süre içerisinde çalışmaya uygun iki hakeme değerlendirmeleri için gönderilir. Hakemlerin değerlendirme süreleri 15 gündür. Bu süre zarfında hakemlik görevini tamamlamayan bir hakem olursa ilgili hakeme değerlendirmeyi tamamlaması için 7 günlük ek süre verilebilir. Bu süre zarfında hakem görevini yerine getirmezse yerine yeni bir hakem ataması yapılır. En az iki hakemden gelen raporlar olumlu ise makale yayın aşamasına alınır. Hakem raporlarından birisi olumlu diğeri olumsuz ise makale üçüncü bir hakeme gönderilir. Üçüncü hakem raporu da olumsuz ise makale ret edilir. Üçüncü hakemin değerlendirmesi olumlu ise makaleyle ilgili hakem raporları dergi alan editörlerinden oluşan Editörler Kurulu tarafından incelenir. Makalenin yayınlanmasıyla ilgili nihai karar alan editörlerinden oluşan Editörler Kurulu tarafından verilir. Hakem raporlarının yetersiz ve tatmin etmekten uzak olması veya İngilizce editör tarafından abstract ve extented abstract’ın yetersiz görülmesi hallerinde de yine makaleyle ilgili son karar Editörler Kurulu tarafından verilir. Tüm bu aşamalardan geçen bir makale en yakın sayıya yayınlanmak üzere eklenir. İlgili sayıda yer kalmaması halinde makalenin yayımı bir sonraki sayıya kaydırılır. Bu durumda ve tüm değerlendirme sürecinde yazar isterse makalesini geri çekme hakkına sahiptir. Ancak bu durumu dergiye bildirmesi gerekir. Makale gönderim tarihinden makalenin yayına kabul tarihine kadar tüm bu işlemler için ortalama 3 aylık bir süre öngörülmektedir.