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European Union-Canada Relations: Cooperation, Disputes and Prospects

Year 2021, Volume: 9 Issue: Toplum & Siyaset, 151 - 158, 29.03.2021

Dilara Sülün Uğur Burç Yıldız Anil Çamyamaç

https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.844080

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze European Union-Canada relations that have significantly enhanced in the last decade. Economic and security relations between the European Union and Canada have considerably improved in the last decade particularly after the conclusion of the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement and the Strategic Partnership Agreement, which are also milestones that would govern the parties’ long-term relations. Despite a territorial dispute between Canada and Denmark regarding Hans Island, and Canada’s on-going opposition to the European Union’s Arctic Council membership, these frictions are not significant enough to jeopardize the current progress in relations, as analyzed in this paper. As long as both sides continue their powerful commitment to liberal democracy, free market economy and multilateralism, their cooperation is likely to intensify in the 21st century in the face of international economic and security problems.

Keywords

European Union Canada Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement Hans Island Arctic Council

References

  • Bendiek, A., Georgios, M., Nock, P., Schenuit, F. & Von Daniel, L. (2018). EU-Canada Relations on the Rise: Mutual Interests in Security, Trade and Climate Change. SWP Working Paper, 3.10.2018. 1-15.
  • Bernasconi-Osterwalder, N. (2013). Commentary to the Draft Investment Chapter of the Canada-EU Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), International Institute for Sustainable Development, 1-33.
  • Byers, M. (2009). Who Owns the Arctic? Understanding Sovereignty Disputes in the North, Quebec.
  • Cameron, R., Côté, D. & Graham, C. (2010). Economic Integration in Europe: Its Effects on Canada, Bank of Canada. (Access: 3.09.2020) https://www.bankofcanada.ca/wpcontent/uploads/2010/08/economic.pdf
  • CETA: EU and Canada Sign Long-Delayed Free Trade Deal. (2016). BBC. (Access: 18.08.2020) https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-37814884
  • Charney, J.I. & Alexander, L.M. (1996). International Maritime Boundaries, vol. I, Dordrecht.
  • Deblock, C. & Rioux, M. (2010). From Economic Dialogue to CETA: Canada's Trade Relations with the European Union, International Journal, 66(1). 39-56.
  • EU, Canada Sign Historic Trade Deal Amid Protests. (2016). Euractiv. (Access: 18.08.2020) https://www.euractiv.com/section/trade-society/news/eu-canada-sign-historic-trade-deal-amid-protests/
  • European Commission (2016). EU-Canada Summit: An Historic Juncture in Our Political and Economic Partnership. (Access: 27.08.2020) http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/press/index.cfm?id=1570
  • European Commission. (2014). Economic and Trade Relations Between the European Union and Canada. (Access: 28.08.2020) http://www.sice.oas.org/TPD/CAN_EU/Studies/traderelations_e.pdf
  • European Commission. (2016). What Will the EU Gain From CETA?. (Access: 30.09.2020) https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2016/february/tradoc_154331.pdf
  • European Commission. (2017). Guide to the Comprehensive Economic and (CETA). (Access: 25.10.2020) from https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2017/september/tradoc_156062.pdf
  • European Commission. (2018). One Year on EU-Canada Trade Agreement Delivers Positive Results, (Access: 5.10.2020) https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/press/index.cfm?id=1907
  • European Commission. (2019). EU-Canada Comprehensive and Economic Trade Agreement CETA, (Access: 22.09.2020) https://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/in-focus/ceta/
  • Evans, M.D. (1994). Less than an Ocean Apart: The St Pierre and Miquelon and Jan Mayen Islands and the Delimitation of Maritime Zones, International & Comparative Law Quarterly, 43(3), 678-696.
  • Fahey, E. (2017). CETA and Global Governance Law: What Kind of Model Agreement Is It Really in Law?, European Papers, 2 (1). 293-302.
  • Government of Canada. (2020a). Canada and the European Union, Trade and Investment. (Access: 07.09.2020) https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/international_relationsrelations_internationales/eu-ue/index.aspx?lang=eng
  • Government of Canada. (2020b). Canada’s Merchandise Trade Performance with the EU after the Entry into Force of CETA. (Access: 20.10.2020) https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/economist-economiste/statistics-statistiques/eu-marchandise-ue.aspx?lang=eng
  • Government of Canada. (2020c). Annual Report on the State of Canada-European Union Relations. (Access: 15.11.2020) https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/international_relations-relations_internationales/can-eu_spa-aps_can-ue-2020.aspx?lang=eng
  • Graczyk, P. & Koivurova, T. (2015). The Arctic Council. Jensen & Hønneland (Eds), In Handbook of the Politics of the Arctic, (pp:328-351).Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Gray, D.H. (1997). Canada’s Unresolved Maritime Boundaries, IBRU Boundary & Security Bulletin. 5(3). 61-70.
  • Highet, K., (1993). Delimitation of the Maritime Areas between Canada and France. American Journal of International Law. 87(3). 452-464.
  • Howe, B. & Kerry, M. (2009). The Canada-EU Turbot War of 1995 and the Cybernetic Model of Decision-Making. The Round Table. 98(401). 161-179.
  • Hübner, K., Deman, A. & Balık, T. (2017). EU and Trade Policymaking: The Contentious Case of CETA. Journal of European Integration. 39(7). 843-857.
  • Igler, W. & Turunen, T. (2019). Transatlantic Relations: The USA and Canada. European Parliament. (Access: 2.11.2020) https://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/en/sheet/174/transatlantic-relations-the-usa-and-canada
  • Jennings, R.Y. (1967). Acquisition of Territory in International Law. London.
  • Kristiansen, R. (2013). Desolate Dispute: A Study of a Hypothetical International Court of Justice (ICJ) Decision. Canadian Military Journal. 13(3). 34-41.
  • Kwiatkowska, B. (1999). Fisheries Jurisdiction (Spain v. Canada). Jurisdiction. American Journal of International Law. 93(2). 502-507.
  • Marston, G. (1993). St. Pierre-Miquelon Arbitration: Canada-France Maritime Delimitation Award. Marine Policy. 17(3). 155-170.
  • McDorman, T.L. (1990). Canada and France Agree to Arbitration for the St. Pierre and Miquelon Boundary Dispute. International Journal of Estuarine & Coastal Law. 5(4). 357-361.
  • NAFTA’s Legacy: Lost Jobs, Lower Wages, Increased Inequality. (2018). (Access: 17.09.2020) https://www.citizen.org/wp-content/uploads/nafta_factsheet_deficit_jobs_wages_feb_2018_final.pdf
  • O’Connell, D.P. (1970). International Law. Vol. I, 2nd Edition. London.
  • Offerdal, K. (2011). The EU in the Arctic: In pursuit of Legitimacy and Influence, International Journal. 66(4). 861-877.
  • Pfeil, J. (2010). Fisheries Jurisdiction Case (Spain v Canada).. Wolfrum. (Ed), In Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, on-line edition (Access: 4.10.2020) www.mpepil.com
  • Pharand, D. (1993). Delimitation Problems of Canada (Second Part). Pharand & Leanza (Eds), In The Continental Shelf and the Exclusive Economic Zone: Delimitation and Legal Regime/La plateau continental et la zone économique exclusive: délimitation et régime juridique, (pp :171-180), Dordrecht : Brill Publication President Donald J. Trump’s United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Delivers a Historic
  • Win for American Workers. (2020). (Access: 15.09.2020) https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/president-donald-j-trumps-united-states-mexico-canada-agreement-delivers-historic-win-american-workers/
  • Prime Ministry of Canada. (2016). Signing of Canada-EU Strategic Partnership Agreement. (Access: 25.08.2020) https://pm.gc.ca/en/news/backgrounders/2016/10/30/signing-canada-eu-strategic-partnership-agreement
  • Raza, W., Tröster, B. & Von Arnim, R. (2016). ASSESS CETA: Assessing the Claimed Benefits of the EU-Canada Trade Agreement (CETA). Austrian Foundation for Development Research. 1-52.
  • Rudnicki, J. (2016). The Hans Island Dispute and the Doctrine of Occupation. Studia Iuridica. 307-320.
  • Stevenson, C. (2007). Hans Off!: The Struggle for Hans Island and the Potential Ramifications for International Border Dispute Resolution. Boston College International & Comparative Law Review. 30(2). 263-275.
  • Uddin, M. (2016). Hans Island: How to Resolve the Dispute?, Current Developments in Arctic Law. 4. 30-33.
  • Verzijl, J.H.W. (1970). International Law in Historical Perspective: State Territory, vol. III, Leiden.

Avrupa Birliği-Kanada İlişkileri: İşbirliği, Uyuşmazlıklar ve Olasılıklar

Year 2021, Volume: 9 Issue: Toplum & Siyaset, 151 - 158, 29.03.2021

Dilara Sülün Uğur Burç Yıldız Anil Çamyamaç

https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.844080

Abstract

Bu makale, son on yılda önemli ölçüde gelişmiş olan Avrupa Birliği-Kanada ilişkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Avrupa Birliği ile Kanada arasındaki ekonomik ilişkiler ve güvenlik ilişkileri son on yılda, özellikle, tarafların uzun vadeli ilişkilerini de yönetecek dönüm noktaları olan Kapsamlı Ekonomi ve Ticaret Antlaşması’nın ve Stratejik Ortaklık Antlaşması’nın imzalanmasının ardından önemli ölçüde gelişmiştir. Kanada ve Danimarka arasında Hans Adası ile ilgili uyuşmazlığa ve Kanada’nın Avrupa Birliği’nin Arktik Konseyi üyeliğine devam eden muhalefetine rağmen, bu anlaşmazlıklar, makalede de analiz edildiği gibi ilişkilerdeki mevcut ilerlemeyi tehlikeye atacak derecede önemli değildir. Her iki tarafın da liberal demokrasiye, serbest piyasa ekonomisine ve çok taraflılığa olan güçlü bağlılıkları sürdükçe 21. yüzyılda, uluslararası ekonomik sorunlar ve güvenlik sorunları karşısında işbirliklerinin yoğunlaşması muhtemeldir.

Keywords

Avrupa Birliği Kanada Kapsamlı Ekonomi ve Ticaret Antlaşması, Stratejik Ortaklık Antlaşması Hans Adası Arktik Konseyi

References

  • Bendiek, A., Georgios, M., Nock, P., Schenuit, F. & Von Daniel, L. (2018). EU-Canada Relations on the Rise: Mutual Interests in Security, Trade and Climate Change. SWP Working Paper, 3.10.2018. 1-15.
  • Bernasconi-Osterwalder, N. (2013). Commentary to the Draft Investment Chapter of the Canada-EU Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), International Institute for Sustainable Development, 1-33.
  • Byers, M. (2009). Who Owns the Arctic? Understanding Sovereignty Disputes in the North, Quebec.
  • Cameron, R., Côté, D. & Graham, C. (2010). Economic Integration in Europe: Its Effects on Canada, Bank of Canada. (Access: 3.09.2020) https://www.bankofcanada.ca/wpcontent/uploads/2010/08/economic.pdf
  • CETA: EU and Canada Sign Long-Delayed Free Trade Deal. (2016). BBC. (Access: 18.08.2020) https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-37814884
  • Charney, J.I. & Alexander, L.M. (1996). International Maritime Boundaries, vol. I, Dordrecht.
  • Deblock, C. & Rioux, M. (2010). From Economic Dialogue to CETA: Canada's Trade Relations with the European Union, International Journal, 66(1). 39-56.
  • EU, Canada Sign Historic Trade Deal Amid Protests. (2016). Euractiv. (Access: 18.08.2020) https://www.euractiv.com/section/trade-society/news/eu-canada-sign-historic-trade-deal-amid-protests/
  • European Commission (2016). EU-Canada Summit: An Historic Juncture in Our Political and Economic Partnership. (Access: 27.08.2020) http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/press/index.cfm?id=1570
  • European Commission. (2014). Economic and Trade Relations Between the European Union and Canada. (Access: 28.08.2020) http://www.sice.oas.org/TPD/CAN_EU/Studies/traderelations_e.pdf
  • European Commission. (2016). What Will the EU Gain From CETA?. (Access: 30.09.2020) https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2016/february/tradoc_154331.pdf
  • European Commission. (2017). Guide to the Comprehensive Economic and (CETA). (Access: 25.10.2020) from https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2017/september/tradoc_156062.pdf
  • European Commission. (2018). One Year on EU-Canada Trade Agreement Delivers Positive Results, (Access: 5.10.2020) https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/press/index.cfm?id=1907
  • European Commission. (2019). EU-Canada Comprehensive and Economic Trade Agreement CETA, (Access: 22.09.2020) https://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/in-focus/ceta/
  • Evans, M.D. (1994). Less than an Ocean Apart: The St Pierre and Miquelon and Jan Mayen Islands and the Delimitation of Maritime Zones, International & Comparative Law Quarterly, 43(3), 678-696.
  • Fahey, E. (2017). CETA and Global Governance Law: What Kind of Model Agreement Is It Really in Law?, European Papers, 2 (1). 293-302.
  • Government of Canada. (2020a). Canada and the European Union, Trade and Investment. (Access: 07.09.2020) https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/international_relationsrelations_internationales/eu-ue/index.aspx?lang=eng
  • Government of Canada. (2020b). Canada’s Merchandise Trade Performance with the EU after the Entry into Force of CETA. (Access: 20.10.2020) https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/economist-economiste/statistics-statistiques/eu-marchandise-ue.aspx?lang=eng
  • Government of Canada. (2020c). Annual Report on the State of Canada-European Union Relations. (Access: 15.11.2020) https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/international_relations-relations_internationales/can-eu_spa-aps_can-ue-2020.aspx?lang=eng
  • Graczyk, P. & Koivurova, T. (2015). The Arctic Council. Jensen & Hønneland (Eds), In Handbook of the Politics of the Arctic, (pp:328-351).Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Gray, D.H. (1997). Canada’s Unresolved Maritime Boundaries, IBRU Boundary & Security Bulletin. 5(3). 61-70.
  • Highet, K., (1993). Delimitation of the Maritime Areas between Canada and France. American Journal of International Law. 87(3). 452-464.
  • Howe, B. & Kerry, M. (2009). The Canada-EU Turbot War of 1995 and the Cybernetic Model of Decision-Making. The Round Table. 98(401). 161-179.
  • Hübner, K., Deman, A. & Balık, T. (2017). EU and Trade Policymaking: The Contentious Case of CETA. Journal of European Integration. 39(7). 843-857.
  • Igler, W. & Turunen, T. (2019). Transatlantic Relations: The USA and Canada. European Parliament. (Access: 2.11.2020) https://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/en/sheet/174/transatlantic-relations-the-usa-and-canada
  • Jennings, R.Y. (1967). Acquisition of Territory in International Law. London.
  • Kristiansen, R. (2013). Desolate Dispute: A Study of a Hypothetical International Court of Justice (ICJ) Decision. Canadian Military Journal. 13(3). 34-41.
  • Kwiatkowska, B. (1999). Fisheries Jurisdiction (Spain v. Canada). Jurisdiction. American Journal of International Law. 93(2). 502-507.
  • Marston, G. (1993). St. Pierre-Miquelon Arbitration: Canada-France Maritime Delimitation Award. Marine Policy. 17(3). 155-170.
  • McDorman, T.L. (1990). Canada and France Agree to Arbitration for the St. Pierre and Miquelon Boundary Dispute. International Journal of Estuarine & Coastal Law. 5(4). 357-361.
  • NAFTA’s Legacy: Lost Jobs, Lower Wages, Increased Inequality. (2018). (Access: 17.09.2020) https://www.citizen.org/wp-content/uploads/nafta_factsheet_deficit_jobs_wages_feb_2018_final.pdf
  • O’Connell, D.P. (1970). International Law. Vol. I, 2nd Edition. London.
  • Offerdal, K. (2011). The EU in the Arctic: In pursuit of Legitimacy and Influence, International Journal. 66(4). 861-877.
  • Pfeil, J. (2010). Fisheries Jurisdiction Case (Spain v Canada).. Wolfrum. (Ed), In Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, on-line edition (Access: 4.10.2020) www.mpepil.com
  • Pharand, D. (1993). Delimitation Problems of Canada (Second Part). Pharand & Leanza (Eds), In The Continental Shelf and the Exclusive Economic Zone: Delimitation and Legal Regime/La plateau continental et la zone économique exclusive: délimitation et régime juridique, (pp :171-180), Dordrecht : Brill Publication President Donald J. Trump’s United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Delivers a Historic
  • Win for American Workers. (2020). (Access: 15.09.2020) https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/president-donald-j-trumps-united-states-mexico-canada-agreement-delivers-historic-win-american-workers/
  • Prime Ministry of Canada. (2016). Signing of Canada-EU Strategic Partnership Agreement. (Access: 25.08.2020) https://pm.gc.ca/en/news/backgrounders/2016/10/30/signing-canada-eu-strategic-partnership-agreement
  • Raza, W., Tröster, B. & Von Arnim, R. (2016). ASSESS CETA: Assessing the Claimed Benefits of the EU-Canada Trade Agreement (CETA). Austrian Foundation for Development Research. 1-52.
  • Rudnicki, J. (2016). The Hans Island Dispute and the Doctrine of Occupation. Studia Iuridica. 307-320.
  • Stevenson, C. (2007). Hans Off!: The Struggle for Hans Island and the Potential Ramifications for International Border Dispute Resolution. Boston College International & Comparative Law Review. 30(2). 263-275.
  • Uddin, M. (2016). Hans Island: How to Resolve the Dispute?, Current Developments in Arctic Law. 4. 30-33.
  • Verzijl, J.H.W. (1970). International Law in Historical Perspective: State Territory, vol. III, Leiden.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Dilara Sülün 0000-0001-8874-5194

Uğur Burç Yıldız 0000-0001-5362-9783

Anil Çamyamaç 0000-0002-8476-9110

Publication Date March 29, 2021
Acceptance Date February 16, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 9 Issue: Toplum & Siyaset

Cite

APA Sülün, D., Yıldız, U. B., & Çamyamaç, A. (2021). European Union-Canada Relations: Cooperation, Disputes and Prospects. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(Toplum & Siyaset), 151-158. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.844080
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