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A Modular Multilevel Converter-Based Pulsed Electric Field Generator Design for Electroporation Applications

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 373 - 379, 22.12.2023

Övül Eski Kemal Şahin Sevilay Çetin

https://doi.org/10.17694/bajece.1301685

Abstract

After a short historical background and mentioning common application areas and different clinical modalities of pulsed electric fields and the phenomena such as electro permeabilization and electroporation are introduced based on the concept of the basic mechanism. Subsequently, pulse generation (PG) and the adapted modular multilevel converter (MMC) topology that is to be covered are introduced including the operating principles and very basic analysis. Finally, performance of the proposed MMC with four half bridge submodules is tested on a prototype built in laboratory. A bidirectional voltage is produced with 80 V amplitude pulsating at 100 kHz operation frequency.

Keywords

Pulsed Electric Fields (PEFs) pulse generation (PG) Multimodule converters (MMCs) electroporation (EP).

Project Number

2022FEBE004

References

  • [1] A. Rolong, R.V. Davalos, B. Rubinsky, "History of electroporation." In Irreversible Electroporation in Clinical Practice, 2018, pp. 13-37. Springer, Cham.
  • [2] C. H. Wu, "Electric fish and the discovery of animal electricity: the mystery of the electric fish motivated research into electricity and was instrumental in the emergence of electrophysiology." American Scientist, vol. 72, no:6, 1984, pp. 598-607.
  • [3] C. D. McCaig, A.M. Rajnicek, B. Song, M. Zhao, "Controlling cell behavior electrically: current views and future potential." Physiological Reviews, 2005, pp. 943-978.
  • [4] F. Carpi, S. Maddio, B. Pelosi, "An unexpected mossotti: His formula at the basis of dielectrophoresis in modern molecular biology." URSI Radio Science Bulletin 2020, no: 373, 2020, pp. 83-85.
  • [5] M.L. Yarmush, A. Golberg, G. Serša, T. Kotnik, D. Miklavčič, "Electroporation-based technologies for medicine: principles, applications, and challenges." Annu Rev Biomed Eng., vol. 16, no. 1, 2014, pp.295-320.
  • [6] A.A. Aguilar, M.C. Ho, E. Chang, K.W. Carlson, A. Natarajan, T. Marciano, Z. Bomzon, C.B. Patel, "Permeabilizing cell membranes with electric fields." Cancers, vol. 13, no. 9, 2021, 2283.
  • [7] X. Li, F. Yang, B. Rubinsky, "A theoretical study on the biophysical mechanisms by which tumor treating fields affect tumor cells during mitosis." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 67, no: 9, 2020, pp. 2594-2602.
  • [8] T. Kotnik, L. Rems, M. Tarek, D. Miklavčič, "Membrane electroporation and electropermeabilization: mechanisms and models." Annual review of biophysics, vol. 48, 2019, pp. 63-91.
  • [9] M.A. Elgenedy, A.M. Massoud, S. Ahmed, B.W. Williams, R. Jim McDonald, "A modular multilevel voltage-boosting Marx pulse-waveform generator for electroporation applications." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 34, no. 11, 2019, pp. 10575-10589.
  • [10] T. Kotnik, P. Kramar, G. Pucihar, D. Miklavcic, M. Tarek, "Cell membrane electroporation-Part 1: The phenomenon." IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, vol. 28, no. 5, 2012, pp.14-23.
  • [11] K.N. Aycock, R.V. Davalos, "Irreversible electroporation: background, theory, and review of recent developments in clinical oncology." Bioelectricity, vol. 1, no. 4, 2019, pp. 214-234.
  • [12] L. Rems, M.A. Kasimova, I. Testa, L. Delemotte, "Pulsed electric fields can create pores in the voltage sensors of voltage-gated ion channels." Biophysical Journal, vol. 119, no. 1, 2020, pp. 190-205.
  • [13] E.P.W Jenkins, A. Finch, M. Gerigk, I.F. Triantis, C. Watts, G.G. Malliaras, "Electrotherapies for Glioblastoma." Advanced Science, vol. 8, no. 18, 2021, 2100978.
  • [14] D.E. Chafai, F. Vostárek, E. Dráberová, D. Havelka, D. Arnaud‐Cormos, D.P. Leveque, J. Janáček, L. Kubínová, M. Cifra, P. Dráber, "Microtubule cytoskeleton remodeling by nanosecond pulsed electric fields." Advanced Biosystems, vol. 4, no. 7, 2020, 2000070.
  • [15] J. Mankowski, M. Kristiansen, "A review of short pulse generator technology." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, vol. 28, no. 1, 2000, pp. 102-108.
  • [16] S.-Y. Tseng, T.-F. Wu, H-R. Yang, J.-C. Guo, J.-C. Hung "Soft-switching series-resonant converter to generate high output voltage for processing microbes." In Nineteenth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition APEC'04, vol. 2, 2004, pp. 905-911.
  • [17] R. Sundararajan, J. Shao, E. Soundarajan, J. Gonzales, A. Chaney, "Performance of solid-state high-voltage pulsers for biological applications-a preliminary study." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, vol. 32, no. 5, 2004, pp. 2017-2025.
  • [18] E. Pirc, D. Miklavčič, M. Reberšek, "Nanosecond pulse electroporator with silicon carbide MOSFET s: Development and evaluation." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 66, no. 12, 2019, pp. 3526-3533.
  • [19] H. Sarnago, J.M. Burdio, T. Garcia-Sanchez, L.M. Mir, I. Alvarez-Gariburo, O. Lucia. "GaN-Based versatile waveform generator for biomedical applications of electroporation." IEEE Access, vol. 8, 2020, pp. 97196-97203.
  • [20] O. Eski, S. Cetin, "Modular pulsed electric field generator based on modular multilevel converter topology with four half bridge submodules to experience biological loads", IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics and Motion Control, pp. 1-6, Brasov/Romania, 2022.

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 373 - 379, 22.12.2023

Övül Eski Kemal Şahin Sevilay Çetin

https://doi.org/10.17694/bajece.1301685

Abstract

Supporting Institution

Pamukkale Üniversitesi

Project Number

2022FEBE004

References

  • [1] A. Rolong, R.V. Davalos, B. Rubinsky, "History of electroporation." In Irreversible Electroporation in Clinical Practice, 2018, pp. 13-37. Springer, Cham.
  • [2] C. H. Wu, "Electric fish and the discovery of animal electricity: the mystery of the electric fish motivated research into electricity and was instrumental in the emergence of electrophysiology." American Scientist, vol. 72, no:6, 1984, pp. 598-607.
  • [3] C. D. McCaig, A.M. Rajnicek, B. Song, M. Zhao, "Controlling cell behavior electrically: current views and future potential." Physiological Reviews, 2005, pp. 943-978.
  • [4] F. Carpi, S. Maddio, B. Pelosi, "An unexpected mossotti: His formula at the basis of dielectrophoresis in modern molecular biology." URSI Radio Science Bulletin 2020, no: 373, 2020, pp. 83-85.
  • [5] M.L. Yarmush, A. Golberg, G. Serša, T. Kotnik, D. Miklavčič, "Electroporation-based technologies for medicine: principles, applications, and challenges." Annu Rev Biomed Eng., vol. 16, no. 1, 2014, pp.295-320.
  • [6] A.A. Aguilar, M.C. Ho, E. Chang, K.W. Carlson, A. Natarajan, T. Marciano, Z. Bomzon, C.B. Patel, "Permeabilizing cell membranes with electric fields." Cancers, vol. 13, no. 9, 2021, 2283.
  • [7] X. Li, F. Yang, B. Rubinsky, "A theoretical study on the biophysical mechanisms by which tumor treating fields affect tumor cells during mitosis." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 67, no: 9, 2020, pp. 2594-2602.
  • [8] T. Kotnik, L. Rems, M. Tarek, D. Miklavčič, "Membrane electroporation and electropermeabilization: mechanisms and models." Annual review of biophysics, vol. 48, 2019, pp. 63-91.
  • [9] M.A. Elgenedy, A.M. Massoud, S. Ahmed, B.W. Williams, R. Jim McDonald, "A modular multilevel voltage-boosting Marx pulse-waveform generator for electroporation applications." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 34, no. 11, 2019, pp. 10575-10589.
  • [10] T. Kotnik, P. Kramar, G. Pucihar, D. Miklavcic, M. Tarek, "Cell membrane electroporation-Part 1: The phenomenon." IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, vol. 28, no. 5, 2012, pp.14-23.
  • [11] K.N. Aycock, R.V. Davalos, "Irreversible electroporation: background, theory, and review of recent developments in clinical oncology." Bioelectricity, vol. 1, no. 4, 2019, pp. 214-234.
  • [12] L. Rems, M.A. Kasimova, I. Testa, L. Delemotte, "Pulsed electric fields can create pores in the voltage sensors of voltage-gated ion channels." Biophysical Journal, vol. 119, no. 1, 2020, pp. 190-205.
  • [13] E.P.W Jenkins, A. Finch, M. Gerigk, I.F. Triantis, C. Watts, G.G. Malliaras, "Electrotherapies for Glioblastoma." Advanced Science, vol. 8, no. 18, 2021, 2100978.
  • [14] D.E. Chafai, F. Vostárek, E. Dráberová, D. Havelka, D. Arnaud‐Cormos, D.P. Leveque, J. Janáček, L. Kubínová, M. Cifra, P. Dráber, "Microtubule cytoskeleton remodeling by nanosecond pulsed electric fields." Advanced Biosystems, vol. 4, no. 7, 2020, 2000070.
  • [15] J. Mankowski, M. Kristiansen, "A review of short pulse generator technology." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, vol. 28, no. 1, 2000, pp. 102-108.
  • [16] S.-Y. Tseng, T.-F. Wu, H-R. Yang, J.-C. Guo, J.-C. Hung "Soft-switching series-resonant converter to generate high output voltage for processing microbes." In Nineteenth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition APEC'04, vol. 2, 2004, pp. 905-911.
  • [17] R. Sundararajan, J. Shao, E. Soundarajan, J. Gonzales, A. Chaney, "Performance of solid-state high-voltage pulsers for biological applications-a preliminary study." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, vol. 32, no. 5, 2004, pp. 2017-2025.
  • [18] E. Pirc, D. Miklavčič, M. Reberšek, "Nanosecond pulse electroporator with silicon carbide MOSFET s: Development and evaluation." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 66, no. 12, 2019, pp. 3526-3533.
  • [19] H. Sarnago, J.M. Burdio, T. Garcia-Sanchez, L.M. Mir, I. Alvarez-Gariburo, O. Lucia. "GaN-Based versatile waveform generator for biomedical applications of electroporation." IEEE Access, vol. 8, 2020, pp. 97196-97203.
  • [20] O. Eski, S. Cetin, "Modular pulsed electric field generator based on modular multilevel converter topology with four half bridge submodules to experience biological loads", IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics and Motion Control, pp. 1-6, Brasov/Romania, 2022.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Electrical Engineering
Journal Section Araştırma Articlessi
Authors

Övül Eski 0000-0002-4327-3100

Kemal Şahin 0000-0002-8079-9224

Sevilay Çetin 0000-0002-9747-4821

Project Number 2022FEBE004
Early Pub Date January 25, 2024
Publication Date December 22, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 11 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Eski, Ö., Şahin, K., & Çetin, S. (2023). A Modular Multilevel Converter-Based Pulsed Electric Field Generator Design for Electroporation Applications. Balkan Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 11(4), 373-379. https://doi.org/10.17694/bajece.1301685
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