Research Article
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Primary School Students Cognitive Structures About Nutrient Content: Word Association Test

Year 2023, Volume: 17 Issue: Özel Sayı, 593 - 623, 20.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.17522/balikesirnef.1286275

Abstract

The study aimed to examine the primary school students’ cognitive structures about nutrient content. The case study design, which was one of the qualitative research methods was used in the study. Participants of the study included 41 fourth grade students in a public school in Bursa in the 2021-2022 academic year. Data were collected by word association test and analyzed by content analysis method. The study revealed that 11 themes related to proteins were formed and the most associated sub-theme was milk, meat, fish, and egg food group. Carbohydrates were classified under 14 themes and the most associated sub-theme was bread and cereals. 13 themes related to fats were created and the most associated sub-theme was oil seeds. Regarding vitamins, 12 themes were created, and the most associated sub-theme was fruits. 13 and 14 themes were created, respectively, related to water and minerals. While the sub-theme most associated with water was beverages, the sub-theme associated with minerals was mineral resources. The concept that students left mostly blank and established wrong relationships was minerals.

References

  • Arslan, M. (2007). Constructivist approaches in education. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences (JFES), 40(1), 41-61. https://doi.org/10.1501/Egifak_0000000150
  • Bahar, M., & Özatlı, S. (2003). Kelime ilişkilendirme testi yöntemi ile lise 1. sınıf öğrencilerinin canlıların temel bileşenleri konusundaki bilişsel yapılarının araştırılması [Research of high school 1st grade students’ cognitive structures on the basic components of living things with word association test method]. Journal of Balıkesir University Institute of Science and Technology, 5(2), 75-85. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/baunfbed/issue/24783/261831
  • Balbağ, M. Z. (2018). Cognitive constructs related to velocity and speed concepts of science teacher candidates: Application of word association test (WAT). Dicle University Journal of Ziya Gökalp Faculty of Education, 33, 38-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14582/DUZGEF.1875
  • Baysal, A. (2007). Genel beslenme [General nutrition]. Hatiboğlu Yayınları. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2016). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri [Scientific research methods]. Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
  • Charlton, K., Comeford, T., Deavin, N., & Walton, K. (2020). Characteristics of successful primary school-based experiential nutrition programmes: A systematic literature review. Public Health Nutrition, 24(14), 4642-4662. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980020004024
  • Çardak, O. (2009). The determination of the knowledge level of science students on energy flow through a word association test. Energy Education Science and Technology B: Social and Education Studies, 1(3), 139-155. Retrieved from www.researchgate.net/publication/279903854_The_determination_of_the_knowledge_level_of_science_students_on_energy_flow_through_a_word_association_test
  • Çelik Kayapınar, F., & Aydemir, R. (2014). A survey of eating habits and nutrition knowledge of high school students (Kars Digor Anatolian High School). International Journal of Sport Culture and Science 2(special issue 2), 21-38. https://doi.org/10.14486/IJSCS176
  • Çetiner, M., & Ersus Bilek, S. (2018). Plant protein sources. Çukurova Journal of Agricultural and Food Sciences, 33(2), 111-126. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/cutarim/issue/42081/470649
  • Dalkılıç, Z. (2020). Subtropical and tropical fruit species as vitamin c source. International Journal of Anatolia Agricultural Engineering Sciences, 2(4), 19-29. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/uazimder/issue/57919/773571
  • Deveci, H., Çengel Köse, T., & Gürdoğan Bayır, Ö. (2014). Investigation of pre-service teachers’ cognitive structures on the concepts of social sciences and social studies through word association tests. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(16), 101-124. https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.732
  • Ekici, G., & Kurt, H. (2014). Student teachers’ cognitive structure on the concept of ‘AIDS’: The sample of free word association test. The Journal of Turkish Social Research, 3(18), 267-306. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tsadergisi/issue/21495/230454
  • Ercan, F., Taşdere, A., & Ercan, N. (2010). Observation of cognitive structure and cognitive change with word association test. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 2(7), 136-154. Retrieved from http://acikerisim.ibu.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.12491/2154
  • Follong, B., Verdonschot, A., Prieto-Rodriguez, E., Miller, A., Collins, C., & Bücher, T. (2022). Nutrition across the curriculum: A scoping review exploring the integration of nutrition education within primary schools. Nutrition Research Reviews, 35(2), 181-196. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422421000111
  • Gökçay, G., & Garipoğlu, M. (2002). Çocukluk ve ergenlik döneminde beslenme [Nutrition in childhood and adolescence]. Saga Yayınları.
  • Gün, F. (2020). An examination of eating behaviors of students at secondary schools [Unpublished master’s thesis]. KTO Karatay University.
  • Gündoğan, A., & Gültekin, M. (2018). Cognitive structures of elementary school third grade students regarding the concepts associated with the theme ‘my excitement at school’ in the life science class curriculum. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 65(17), 233-247. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.318151
  • Gündoğdu, M. (2018). The 9th grade high school students’ misconceptions about organic substances concept in biology [Unpublished master's thesis]. Necmettin Erbakan University.
  • Işıklı, M., Taşdere, A., & Göz, N. L. (2011). Investigation teacher candidates’ cognitive structure about principles of Atatürk through word association test. Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(1), 50-72. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/usaksosbil/issue/21649/232745
  • Kaya, B., & Akış, A. (2015). Determination of cognitive structure of geography students on weather concept through word association test. Turkish Studies International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 10(7), 557-574. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.8166
  • Kaya, M. F., & Taşdere, A. (2016). An alternative measurement and assessment method for elementary Turkish education: Word association test (WAT). Turkish Studies International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 11(9), 803-820. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.9499
  • Kayhan, Ö. (2019). Determining of the primary school 3rd grade students’ cognitive structures related to the unit “light and sounds in the environment” with conceptual cartoons and word association test techniques [Unpublished master's thesis]. Necmettin Erbakan University.
  • Kösedag, İ. (2019). Examining the content of primary school students’ nutrition bags in terms of different variables: Bursa case [Unpublished master's thesis]. Balıkesir University.
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis. (Ed. Newbury Park), CA: Sage, 10-12. Ministry of Health (2017). Sağlıklı yemek tabağım [My healthy dinner plate]. Retrived January 15,2023, from https://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR,22550/saglikli-yemek-tabagim.html
  • Ministry of Health (2023). Temel besin grupları [Basic food groups]. Retrived September 28,2023, from https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/beslenme/temel-besin-gruplari.html
  • Ministry of National Education (MoNE) (2005). İlköğretim fen ve teknoloji dersi (4 ve 5. sınıflar) öğretim programı [Primary science and technology course curriculum(4th and 5th grades)]. Milli Eğitim Basımevi.
  • Ministry of National Education (MoNE) (2018). Öğretim programları [Education programs]. Retrived May 16, 2022, from http://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/Programlar.aspx
  • Sakar, E., & Açkurt, F. (2019). Nutritional habits and nutrition knowledge of primary teachers in elementary schools. Sağlık ve Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 30-36. https://doi.org/10.33308/2687248X.201911134
  • Sinan, O., Yıldırım, O., Kocakülah M. S., & Aydın, H. (2006). Preservice primary science teachers’ misconceptions about proteins, enzymes and protein synthesis. [Gazi University Journal of Gazi Education Faculty, 1(26), 1-16. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/gefad/issue/6754/90806
  • Şahin, F. (2018). The misconceptions related to foods in students [Unpublished master's thesis]. Necmettin Erbakan University.
  • Şanlıer, N., & Yabancı, N. (2005). Okul çağında beslenme çantasına neler koyalım? [What should we put in the lunchbox at school age?] Morpa Kültür Yayıncılık.
  • Şimşek, I., Yabancı, N., & Turan, Ş. (2009). Evaluation of school-age children’s lunchboxes. Journal of Social Policy Studies, 19(19), 99-112. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/spcd/issue/21119/227482
  • Ültay, E., Akyurt, H., & Ültay, N. (2021). Descriptive content analysis in social sciences. IBAD Journal of Social Sciences (10), 188-201. https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.871703
  • Ünal, R. N., & Besler, T. (2008). Beslenmede sütün önemi [The importance of milk in nutrition]. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayınları.
  • Ünsal, A. (2019). Nutrition and basic food items. Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(3), 1-10. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ahievransaglik/issue/65353/1006870
  • Yaman, E., Akan, R., Doğan, M., & Sarı, Ö. (2019). İlkokul 4. sınıf fen bilimleri ders kitabı [Primary school 4th grade science textbook]. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayınları.
  • Young, S., Frongillo, E., Jamaluddine, Z., Melgar-Quinonez, H., Perez-Escamilla, R., Ringler, C., & Rosinger, A. (2021). Perspective: The importance of water security for ensuring food security, good nutrition, and well-being. Advance in Nutrition, 12(4), 1058-1073. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmab003
  • Yurtbakan, E., Çalık, M., & Güler, T. (2021). Investigating fourth grade students’ conceptual growth of the ‘organic and nonorganic foods’ subject: A case of common knowledge construction model. Hacettepe University Journal of Education], 36(3), 544-561. https://doi.org/10.16986/huje.2020058881

İlkokul Öğrencilerinin Besin İçeriklerine İlişkin Bilişsel Yapıları: Kelime İlişkilendirme Testi

Year 2023, Volume: 17 Issue: Özel Sayı, 593 - 623, 20.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.17522/balikesirnef.1286275

Abstract

Çalışmanın amacı, ilkokul dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin besin içeriklerine yönelik bilişsel yapılarını belirlemektir. Çalışmada, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması desenini kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu, 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılı Bursa’da bir devlet okulundaki 41 dördüncü sınıf öğrencinden oluşmaktadır. Veriler, kelime ilişkilendirme testi kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, proteinlerle ilgili 11 tema oluşturulmuş ve en çok ilişkilendirilen alt tema süt, et, balık ve yumurta besin grubudur. Karbonhidratlarla ilgili 14 tema oluşturulmuş ve en çok ilişkilendirilen alt tema ekmek ve tahıl grubudur. Yağlarla ilgili 13 tema oluşturulmuş ve en çok ilişkilendirilen alt tema yağlı tohumlardır. Vitaminlerle ilgili ise 12 tema oluşturulmuş ve en çok ilişkilendirilen alt tema meyvelerdir. Su ve minerallerle ilgili sırasıyla 13 ve 14 tema oluşturulmuştur. Suyla en çok ilişkilendirilen alt tema içeceklerken, minerallerle ilişkilendirilen alt tema mineral kaynaklarıdır. Öğrencilerin en fazla boş bıraktıkları ve yanlış ilişkiler kurdukları kavram ise minerallerdir.

References

  • Arslan, M. (2007). Constructivist approaches in education. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences (JFES), 40(1), 41-61. https://doi.org/10.1501/Egifak_0000000150
  • Bahar, M., & Özatlı, S. (2003). Kelime ilişkilendirme testi yöntemi ile lise 1. sınıf öğrencilerinin canlıların temel bileşenleri konusundaki bilişsel yapılarının araştırılması [Research of high school 1st grade students’ cognitive structures on the basic components of living things with word association test method]. Journal of Balıkesir University Institute of Science and Technology, 5(2), 75-85. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/baunfbed/issue/24783/261831
  • Balbağ, M. Z. (2018). Cognitive constructs related to velocity and speed concepts of science teacher candidates: Application of word association test (WAT). Dicle University Journal of Ziya Gökalp Faculty of Education, 33, 38-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14582/DUZGEF.1875
  • Baysal, A. (2007). Genel beslenme [General nutrition]. Hatiboğlu Yayınları. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2016). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri [Scientific research methods]. Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
  • Charlton, K., Comeford, T., Deavin, N., & Walton, K. (2020). Characteristics of successful primary school-based experiential nutrition programmes: A systematic literature review. Public Health Nutrition, 24(14), 4642-4662. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980020004024
  • Çardak, O. (2009). The determination of the knowledge level of science students on energy flow through a word association test. Energy Education Science and Technology B: Social and Education Studies, 1(3), 139-155. Retrieved from www.researchgate.net/publication/279903854_The_determination_of_the_knowledge_level_of_science_students_on_energy_flow_through_a_word_association_test
  • Çelik Kayapınar, F., & Aydemir, R. (2014). A survey of eating habits and nutrition knowledge of high school students (Kars Digor Anatolian High School). International Journal of Sport Culture and Science 2(special issue 2), 21-38. https://doi.org/10.14486/IJSCS176
  • Çetiner, M., & Ersus Bilek, S. (2018). Plant protein sources. Çukurova Journal of Agricultural and Food Sciences, 33(2), 111-126. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/cutarim/issue/42081/470649
  • Dalkılıç, Z. (2020). Subtropical and tropical fruit species as vitamin c source. International Journal of Anatolia Agricultural Engineering Sciences, 2(4), 19-29. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/uazimder/issue/57919/773571
  • Deveci, H., Çengel Köse, T., & Gürdoğan Bayır, Ö. (2014). Investigation of pre-service teachers’ cognitive structures on the concepts of social sciences and social studies through word association tests. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(16), 101-124. https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.732
  • Ekici, G., & Kurt, H. (2014). Student teachers’ cognitive structure on the concept of ‘AIDS’: The sample of free word association test. The Journal of Turkish Social Research, 3(18), 267-306. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tsadergisi/issue/21495/230454
  • Ercan, F., Taşdere, A., & Ercan, N. (2010). Observation of cognitive structure and cognitive change with word association test. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 2(7), 136-154. Retrieved from http://acikerisim.ibu.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.12491/2154
  • Follong, B., Verdonschot, A., Prieto-Rodriguez, E., Miller, A., Collins, C., & Bücher, T. (2022). Nutrition across the curriculum: A scoping review exploring the integration of nutrition education within primary schools. Nutrition Research Reviews, 35(2), 181-196. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422421000111
  • Gökçay, G., & Garipoğlu, M. (2002). Çocukluk ve ergenlik döneminde beslenme [Nutrition in childhood and adolescence]. Saga Yayınları.
  • Gün, F. (2020). An examination of eating behaviors of students at secondary schools [Unpublished master’s thesis]. KTO Karatay University.
  • Gündoğan, A., & Gültekin, M. (2018). Cognitive structures of elementary school third grade students regarding the concepts associated with the theme ‘my excitement at school’ in the life science class curriculum. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 65(17), 233-247. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.318151
  • Gündoğdu, M. (2018). The 9th grade high school students’ misconceptions about organic substances concept in biology [Unpublished master's thesis]. Necmettin Erbakan University.
  • Işıklı, M., Taşdere, A., & Göz, N. L. (2011). Investigation teacher candidates’ cognitive structure about principles of Atatürk through word association test. Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(1), 50-72. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/usaksosbil/issue/21649/232745
  • Kaya, B., & Akış, A. (2015). Determination of cognitive structure of geography students on weather concept through word association test. Turkish Studies International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 10(7), 557-574. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.8166
  • Kaya, M. F., & Taşdere, A. (2016). An alternative measurement and assessment method for elementary Turkish education: Word association test (WAT). Turkish Studies International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 11(9), 803-820. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.9499
  • Kayhan, Ö. (2019). Determining of the primary school 3rd grade students’ cognitive structures related to the unit “light and sounds in the environment” with conceptual cartoons and word association test techniques [Unpublished master's thesis]. Necmettin Erbakan University.
  • Kösedag, İ. (2019). Examining the content of primary school students’ nutrition bags in terms of different variables: Bursa case [Unpublished master's thesis]. Balıkesir University.
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis. (Ed. Newbury Park), CA: Sage, 10-12. Ministry of Health (2017). Sağlıklı yemek tabağım [My healthy dinner plate]. Retrived January 15,2023, from https://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR,22550/saglikli-yemek-tabagim.html
  • Ministry of Health (2023). Temel besin grupları [Basic food groups]. Retrived September 28,2023, from https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/beslenme/temel-besin-gruplari.html
  • Ministry of National Education (MoNE) (2005). İlköğretim fen ve teknoloji dersi (4 ve 5. sınıflar) öğretim programı [Primary science and technology course curriculum(4th and 5th grades)]. Milli Eğitim Basımevi.
  • Ministry of National Education (MoNE) (2018). Öğretim programları [Education programs]. Retrived May 16, 2022, from http://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/Programlar.aspx
  • Sakar, E., & Açkurt, F. (2019). Nutritional habits and nutrition knowledge of primary teachers in elementary schools. Sağlık ve Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 30-36. https://doi.org/10.33308/2687248X.201911134
  • Sinan, O., Yıldırım, O., Kocakülah M. S., & Aydın, H. (2006). Preservice primary science teachers’ misconceptions about proteins, enzymes and protein synthesis. [Gazi University Journal of Gazi Education Faculty, 1(26), 1-16. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/gefad/issue/6754/90806
  • Şahin, F. (2018). The misconceptions related to foods in students [Unpublished master's thesis]. Necmettin Erbakan University.
  • Şanlıer, N., & Yabancı, N. (2005). Okul çağında beslenme çantasına neler koyalım? [What should we put in the lunchbox at school age?] Morpa Kültür Yayıncılık.
  • Şimşek, I., Yabancı, N., & Turan, Ş. (2009). Evaluation of school-age children’s lunchboxes. Journal of Social Policy Studies, 19(19), 99-112. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/spcd/issue/21119/227482
  • Ültay, E., Akyurt, H., & Ültay, N. (2021). Descriptive content analysis in social sciences. IBAD Journal of Social Sciences (10), 188-201. https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.871703
  • Ünal, R. N., & Besler, T. (2008). Beslenmede sütün önemi [The importance of milk in nutrition]. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayınları.
  • Ünsal, A. (2019). Nutrition and basic food items. Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(3), 1-10. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ahievransaglik/issue/65353/1006870
  • Yaman, E., Akan, R., Doğan, M., & Sarı, Ö. (2019). İlkokul 4. sınıf fen bilimleri ders kitabı [Primary school 4th grade science textbook]. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayınları.
  • Young, S., Frongillo, E., Jamaluddine, Z., Melgar-Quinonez, H., Perez-Escamilla, R., Ringler, C., & Rosinger, A. (2021). Perspective: The importance of water security for ensuring food security, good nutrition, and well-being. Advance in Nutrition, 12(4), 1058-1073. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmab003
  • Yurtbakan, E., Çalık, M., & Güler, T. (2021). Investigating fourth grade students’ conceptual growth of the ‘organic and nonorganic foods’ subject: A case of common knowledge construction model. Hacettepe University Journal of Education], 36(3), 544-561. https://doi.org/10.16986/huje.2020058881
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Biology Education
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

İlke İçingir 0000-0003-2406-6058

Gülcan Çetin 0000-0002-1185-5907

Publication Date October 20, 2023
Submission Date April 20, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 17 Issue: Özel Sayı

Cite

APA İçingir, İ., & Çetin, G. (2023). Primary School Students Cognitive Structures About Nutrient Content: Word Association Test. Necatibey Eğitim Fakültesi Elektronik Fen Ve Matematik Eğitimi Dergisi, 17(Özel Sayı), 593-623. https://doi.org/10.17522/balikesirnef.1286275