Research Article
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The representation on tourism media of covid-19 pandemic: Case of “Turizm Gazetesi”

Year 2021, Volume: 24 Issue: 46-1 - UTK 2021 Turizm Özel Sayısı, 1487 - 1500, 31.12.2021

Arzu Toker

https://doi.org/10.31795/baunsobed.1023385
Cited By: 1

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to understand how and to what extent COVID-19 pandemic is represented in tourism media. For this purpose, the data regarding 772 news reports about pandemic published between February 5, 2020 and September 15, 2021 were collected through document analysis method from the world’s first online daily news website turizmgazetesi.com. The data were analyzed through content analysis and thematic analysis methods by using MAXQDA qualitative data analysis program. The analyses showed that the number of news reports on pandemic has significantly decreased in 2021; Turkey has been represented the Ministry of Tourism, and the Ministry of Health and by the Presidency, and this was followed by Germany, England, and Spain at Prime Ministry level; and Turkey was also followed by Germany, England, Spain, and Russia in terms of the frequency of news report mentions. The themes becoming evident regarding these news reports were found in 11 titles. Accordingly, these titles are the economic dimension of the pandemic, economic support for tourism, the status of air transportation, methods to fight against the pandemic, efforts to build up trust in tourism industry, precautions against Turkey, pandemic protests, expectations/developments during the pandemic, developments for the benefit of Turkey, post-new normal regulations, and post-pandemic expectations.

Keywords

COVID-19 Pandemic Media representation Tourism Turizmgazetesi.com

References

  • Anand, K. B., Karade, S., Sen, S., ve Gupta, R. M. (2020). SARS-CoV-2: Camazotz's curse. Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 76(2), 136-141. doi.10.1016/j.mjafi.2020.04.008
  • Butler, M. J., ve Barrientos, R. M. (2020). The impact of nutrition on COVID-19 susceptibility and long-term consequences. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87, 53-54. doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.040
  • Campbell, C. (2020). Wuhan strives to return to normal, but scars from the pandemic run deep. 16 Eylül 2021 tarihinde https://time.com/5885262/wuhan-pandemic-covid19-coronavirus-recovery/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Chen, H., Huang, X., ve Li, Z. (2020). A content analysis of Chinese news coverage on COVID-19 and tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 1-8. doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1763269
  • Dalkıran, G. B. ve Demir, Z. (2020). Haber söyleminde medya-turizm ilişkisi: pandemi dönemi BBC News örneğinde Türkiye haberleri. Tourism and Recreation, 2(Ek 1), 93-102.
  • Demertzis, N., ve Eyerman, R. (2020). Covid-19 as cultural trauma. American Journal of Cultural Sociology, 8(3), 428-450. doi.org/10.1057%2Fs41290-020-00112-z
  • Devakumar, D., Shannon, G., Bhopal, S. S., ve Abubakar, I. (2020). Racism and discrimination in COVID-19 responses. The Lancet, 395(10231), 1194. doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30792-3
  • Gabore, S. M. (2020) Western and Chinese media representation of Africa in COVID-19 news coverage. Asian Journal of Communication, 30(5), 299-316. doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2020.1801781
  • Gilens, M. (1999). Why Americans hate welfare: Race media, and the politics of antipoverty policy. University of Chicago Press.
  • Kiran, E., ve Bölükbaşi, A. (2021). The role of media in the COVID-19 pandemic period in terms of effective health care management. Duzce Medical Journal, 23(S1), 78-85. doi.org/ 10.18678/dtfd.862324
  • Kozak, N. (2018). Fehmi Köfteoğlu. N. Kozak (Ed.). Türkiye Turizmi Sözlü Tarih Araştırması Görüşme Metinleri Cilt VIII içinde (ss. 763-776). Yıkılmazlar Basın Yayın.
  • Kuo, L. (2020). Coronavirus: China bars 11m residents from leaving city at centre of outbreak. 16 Eylül 2021 tarihinde https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/22/coronavirus-chinameasures-rein-spread-mutate-disease-death-toll adresinden erişildi.
  • Lazarus, J. V., Ratzan, S. C., Palayew, A., Gostin, L. O., Larson, H. J., Rabin, K., ve El-Mohandes, A. (2021). A global survey of potential acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. Nature Medicine, 27(2), 225-228. doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-1124-9.
  • Lincoln, Y. S. ve Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage Publications.
  • Martikainen, J., ve Sakki, I. (2021). How newspaper images position different groups of people in relation to the COVID‐19 pandemic: A social representations approach. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psycholog, 31, 465–494. doi.org/10.1002/casp.2515.
  • Mayer, M., Bichler, B. F., Pikkemaat, B., ve Peters, M. (2021). Media discourses about a superspreader destination: How mismanagement of Covid-19 triggers debates about sustainability and geopolitics. Annals of Tourism Research, 91, 103278. doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103278
  • Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., ve Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook. Sage Publications.
  • Monod, M., Blenkinsop, A., Xi, X., Hebert, D., Bershan, S., Tietze, S., ve Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team. (2021). Age groups that sustain resurging COVID-19 epidemics in the United States. Science, 371(1-12), eabe8372. doi.org/10.1126/science.abe8372
  • Morgan, T., Wiles, J., Williams, L., ve Gott, M. (2021). COVID-19 and the portrayal of older people in New Zealand news media. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 51, 127-142, doi.org/10.1080/03036758.2021.1884098 Osisanwo, A. (2021). This virus is a common threat to all humans: Discourse representation of COVID-19 in selected newspaper editorials. Athens Journal of Mass Media and Communications, 7, 1-20. doi.org/10.30958/ajmmc.X-Y-Z
  • Ragab, D., Salah Eldin, H., Taeimah, M., Khattab, R., ve Salem, R. (2020). The COVID-19 cytokine storm; What we know so far. Frontiers in Immunology, 11(1446), 1-4. doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01446
  • Shohat, E., ve Stam, R. (2014). Unthinking eurocentrism: Multiculturalism and the media. Routledge
  • Sitto, K., ve Lubinga, E. (2020). A disease of privilege? Social representations in online media about Covid-19 among South Africans during lockdown. Papers on Social Representations, 29(2), 6-11.
  • Tawil, Y. (2016). What exactly is media representation anyway? 18 Eylül 2021 tarihinde https://arabfilminstitute.org/what-exactly-is-media-representation-anyway/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Verbi Software. (2019). Maxqda 2020. 29 Eylül 2021 tarihinde https://www.maxqda.com/blogpost/how-to-cite-maxqda adresinden erişildi.
  • World Health Organization, (2021). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard. 12 Kasım 2021 tarihinde https://covid19.who.int/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Zhang, J., ve Liu, X. (2021). Media representation of older people’s vulnerability during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. European Journal of Ageing, 18, 149–158. doi.org/10.1007/s10433-021-00613-x
  • Zhou, G. (2020). Efficient measures key to containment. 16 Eylül 2021 tarihinde http://en.nhc.gov.cn/2020-04/07/c_78855.htm adresinden erişildi.

Covid-19 salgınının turizm medyasındaki temsili: Turizm Gazetesi örneği

Year 2021, Volume: 24 Issue: 46-1 - UTK 2021 Turizm Özel Sayısı, 1487 - 1500, 31.12.2021

Arzu Toker

https://doi.org/10.31795/baunsobed.1023385
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı COVID-19 salgınının turizm medyasındaki temsil biçimlerini ve boyutlarını anlamaktır. Bu amaca ulaşmak için dünyanın çevrimiçi nitelikteki ilk günlük haber sitesi olan turizmgazetesi.com adresindeki 5 Şubat 2020-15 Eylül 2021 tarihleri arasında üretilmiş ve salgınla ilgili 772 haber metnine ilişkin veriler doküman incelemesi yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Veriler MAXQDA nitel veri analiz programı aracılığıyla içerik analizine ve tematik analize tabi tutulmuştur. Analizler sonucunda 2021 yılında salgınla ilgili haber metinlerinin sayısının belirgin bir şekilde azaldığı; Türkiye’nin kamusal temsilinin Turizm Bakanlığı, Sağlık Bakanlığı ve Cumhurbaşkanlığı düzeylerinde gerçekleştiği ve bunu sırasıyla yalnızca Başbakanlık düzeylerinde Almanya, İngiltere ve İspanya’nın izlediği; ülkelerin haber metinlerinde yer alma sıklığına göre Türkiye’yi Almanya, İngiltere, İspanya ve Rusya’nın takip ettiği görülmüştür. Haber metinlerine ilişkin belirginleşen temalar ise 11 başlıkta ortaya çıkmıştır. Buna göre; salgının ekonomik boyutu, turizme ekonomik destek çalışmaları, hava taşımacılığının durumu, salgın ile mücadele yöntemleri, turizmde güven oluşturma çalışmaları, Türkiye’ye yönelik önlemler, salgın protestoları, salgın sürecindeki beklentiler/gelişmeler, Türkiye’nin lehine gelişmeler, yeni normal sonrası düzenlemeler ve salgın sonrası döneme ilişkin beklentilerdir.

Keywords

COVID-19 salgını Medya temsili Turizmgazetesi.com Turizm

References

  • Anand, K. B., Karade, S., Sen, S., ve Gupta, R. M. (2020). SARS-CoV-2: Camazotz's curse. Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 76(2), 136-141. doi.10.1016/j.mjafi.2020.04.008
  • Butler, M. J., ve Barrientos, R. M. (2020). The impact of nutrition on COVID-19 susceptibility and long-term consequences. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87, 53-54. doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.040
  • Campbell, C. (2020). Wuhan strives to return to normal, but scars from the pandemic run deep. 16 Eylül 2021 tarihinde https://time.com/5885262/wuhan-pandemic-covid19-coronavirus-recovery/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Chen, H., Huang, X., ve Li, Z. (2020). A content analysis of Chinese news coverage on COVID-19 and tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 1-8. doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1763269
  • Dalkıran, G. B. ve Demir, Z. (2020). Haber söyleminde medya-turizm ilişkisi: pandemi dönemi BBC News örneğinde Türkiye haberleri. Tourism and Recreation, 2(Ek 1), 93-102.
  • Demertzis, N., ve Eyerman, R. (2020). Covid-19 as cultural trauma. American Journal of Cultural Sociology, 8(3), 428-450. doi.org/10.1057%2Fs41290-020-00112-z
  • Devakumar, D., Shannon, G., Bhopal, S. S., ve Abubakar, I. (2020). Racism and discrimination in COVID-19 responses. The Lancet, 395(10231), 1194. doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30792-3
  • Gabore, S. M. (2020) Western and Chinese media representation of Africa in COVID-19 news coverage. Asian Journal of Communication, 30(5), 299-316. doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2020.1801781
  • Gilens, M. (1999). Why Americans hate welfare: Race media, and the politics of antipoverty policy. University of Chicago Press.
  • Kiran, E., ve Bölükbaşi, A. (2021). The role of media in the COVID-19 pandemic period in terms of effective health care management. Duzce Medical Journal, 23(S1), 78-85. doi.org/ 10.18678/dtfd.862324
  • Kozak, N. (2018). Fehmi Köfteoğlu. N. Kozak (Ed.). Türkiye Turizmi Sözlü Tarih Araştırması Görüşme Metinleri Cilt VIII içinde (ss. 763-776). Yıkılmazlar Basın Yayın.
  • Kuo, L. (2020). Coronavirus: China bars 11m residents from leaving city at centre of outbreak. 16 Eylül 2021 tarihinde https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/22/coronavirus-chinameasures-rein-spread-mutate-disease-death-toll adresinden erişildi.
  • Lazarus, J. V., Ratzan, S. C., Palayew, A., Gostin, L. O., Larson, H. J., Rabin, K., ve El-Mohandes, A. (2021). A global survey of potential acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. Nature Medicine, 27(2), 225-228. doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-1124-9.
  • Lincoln, Y. S. ve Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage Publications.
  • Martikainen, J., ve Sakki, I. (2021). How newspaper images position different groups of people in relation to the COVID‐19 pandemic: A social representations approach. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psycholog, 31, 465–494. doi.org/10.1002/casp.2515.
  • Mayer, M., Bichler, B. F., Pikkemaat, B., ve Peters, M. (2021). Media discourses about a superspreader destination: How mismanagement of Covid-19 triggers debates about sustainability and geopolitics. Annals of Tourism Research, 91, 103278. doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103278
  • Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., ve Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook. Sage Publications.
  • Monod, M., Blenkinsop, A., Xi, X., Hebert, D., Bershan, S., Tietze, S., ve Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team. (2021). Age groups that sustain resurging COVID-19 epidemics in the United States. Science, 371(1-12), eabe8372. doi.org/10.1126/science.abe8372
  • Morgan, T., Wiles, J., Williams, L., ve Gott, M. (2021). COVID-19 and the portrayal of older people in New Zealand news media. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 51, 127-142, doi.org/10.1080/03036758.2021.1884098 Osisanwo, A. (2021). This virus is a common threat to all humans: Discourse representation of COVID-19 in selected newspaper editorials. Athens Journal of Mass Media and Communications, 7, 1-20. doi.org/10.30958/ajmmc.X-Y-Z
  • Ragab, D., Salah Eldin, H., Taeimah, M., Khattab, R., ve Salem, R. (2020). The COVID-19 cytokine storm; What we know so far. Frontiers in Immunology, 11(1446), 1-4. doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01446
  • Shohat, E., ve Stam, R. (2014). Unthinking eurocentrism: Multiculturalism and the media. Routledge
  • Sitto, K., ve Lubinga, E. (2020). A disease of privilege? Social representations in online media about Covid-19 among South Africans during lockdown. Papers on Social Representations, 29(2), 6-11.
  • Tawil, Y. (2016). What exactly is media representation anyway? 18 Eylül 2021 tarihinde https://arabfilminstitute.org/what-exactly-is-media-representation-anyway/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Verbi Software. (2019). Maxqda 2020. 29 Eylül 2021 tarihinde https://www.maxqda.com/blogpost/how-to-cite-maxqda adresinden erişildi.
  • World Health Organization, (2021). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard. 12 Kasım 2021 tarihinde https://covid19.who.int/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Zhang, J., ve Liu, X. (2021). Media representation of older people’s vulnerability during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. European Journal of Ageing, 18, 149–158. doi.org/10.1007/s10433-021-00613-x
  • Zhou, G. (2020). Efficient measures key to containment. 16 Eylül 2021 tarihinde http://en.nhc.gov.cn/2020-04/07/c_78855.htm adresinden erişildi.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Arzu Toker 0000-0002-0619-9941

Early Pub Date December 31, 2021
Publication Date December 31, 2021
Submission Date November 14, 2021
Acceptance Date December 20, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 24 Issue: 46-1 - UTK 2021 Turizm Özel Sayısı

Cite

APA Toker, A. (2021). Covid-19 salgınının turizm medyasındaki temsili: Turizm Gazetesi örneği. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(46-1), 1487-1500. https://doi.org/10.31795/baunsobed.1023385

Cited By

Turist Anlatıları Perspektifinden Varoş Destinasyonları Deneyimi
Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.17123/atad.1262190
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