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Nudge as a Public Policy Tool

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 175 - 206, 30.12.2022

Veysel Erat Dilek Alma Savaş

https://doi.org/10.33399/biibfad.1119347
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Many public policy tools are constituted to perform legally defined actions and thus fulfill the needs of the people. Policy tools, which are an important element of the policy's success, are divided into norms, financial regulations and informative attitudes with general classification. The emergence of public policy problems that the states have difficulty in solving and the increasing number of these problems have shown the inadequacy of the aforementioned traditional tools in problem-solving. This has led to the emergence of new tools. The nudge, which is the subject of this study, is one of the new tools. In the study, which aims to evaluate nudging as a public policy tool, primarily the tools and the conceptual framework about nudging are discussed. Afterwards, nudging was handled as a tool of politics, and in the last part, criticisms of nudging were included. At the end of the study, it was understood that a nudge is a tool used more and more by the states. However, it was concluded that the nudge tool is not generally accepted Despite the nudges successfully used by governments, there are criticisms on an ethical basis According to the result, nudges will continue to be used as a policy tool, and the number of studies defending and criticizing nudges will continue to increase.

Keywords

Nudge public policy public policy tools ethic

References

  • Acciai, C. & Capano, G. (2020). Policy instruments at work: A meta-analysis of their applications, Public Administration, 99(1), 118-136.
  • Aldemir, C. & Kaya, M. (2020). “Dürtme” fikrinin bir kamu politikası aracı olarak covid- 19 döneminde hükümetler tarafından uygulanması. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, Cilt 19 COVID-19 Özel Sayısı, 122-142. DOI: 10.21547/jss.742934.
  • Ali, M. (2013). Sustainability Assessment Context of Resource and Environmental Policy, Bangladesh: Academic Press.
  • Baldwin, R. (2014). From regulation to behaviour change: Giving nudge the third degree. The Modern Law Review, 77(6), 831–857.
  • Bekkers V., Tummers, L. & Leeuwen, M.V. (2014). “Nudge” as An Innovative Policy Instrument: A Public Administration Perspective, Conference paper for the Social Innovation Research Conference (SIRC): 2014, 21st – 22nd May 2015, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
  • Benartzi, S., Beshears, J., Milkman, K. L., Sunstein, C. R., Thaler, R. H., Shankar, M., Tucker-Ray, W., Congdon, W. J. & Galing, S. (2017). Should governments invest more in nudging? Psychological Science, 28(8), 1041–1055.
  • Bogliacino, F., Codagnone, C. & Veltri, G.A. (2016). An introduction to the special issue on the behavioural turn in public policy: New evidence from experiments. Econ Polit, 33, 323–332.
  • Bovens, L. (2009). The ethics of nudge. In: G.Y. Till, S.O.Hansson (Eds.) Preference Change: Approaches From Philosophy, Economics and Psychology. Theory and decision library A (42). Springer, pp. 207-219.
  • Bruns, H., Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, E., Klement, K., Jonsson, M. L. & Rahali, B. (2018). Can nudges be transparent and yet effective? Journal of Economic Psychology, 65(C), 41-59.
  • Congiu, L. & Moscati, I. (2022). A review of nudges: Definitions, justifications, effectiveness. Journal of Economic Surveys, 36: 188–213.
  • Cronqvist, H., Thaler, R. H. & Yu, F. (2018). When nudges are forever: Inertia in the swedish Premium pension plan. AEA Papers and Proceedings, 108, 153–158.
  • Damgaard, M. T. & Nielsen, H. S. (2018). Nudging in education. Economics of Education Review, 64, 313–342.
  • De Quintana Medina, J. (2021). Nudges, consideraciones normativas de sus objetivos y métodos. Gestión Y Análisis De Políticas Públicas, 25, 23-37.
  • Einfeld C. (2020). Should an Ethical Public Servant Nudge?. In: H. Sullivan, H. Dickinson, H. Henderson (Eds.) The Palgrave Handbook of the Public Servant. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
  • Erdoğan, M. & Karagöl, V. (2019). Davranışsal İktisat, Dürtme ve Günlük Hayatta Kamusal Müdahaleler: Türkiye Örnekleri ve Tavsiyeler, EconWorld2019, July, Budapest.
  • Erdoğan, M. & Karagöl, V. (2020). As a Public Policy Tool Can the Nudge Affect Individual Savings? International Conference on Economics, September 10-12, 2020; Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
  • Eryaşar, M. (2020). Pazarlama Alanında Yapılan Dürtme Konulu Çalışmaların Bibliyometrik Analizi. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Fischer, M. & Lotz, S. (2014). Is soft paternalism ethically legitimate? – the relevance of psychological processes for the assessment of nudge-based policies. CGS Working Paper, University of Cologne.
  • Franco Vargas, M. H. & Roldán Restrepo, D. (2019). The instruments of public policy. A transdisciplinary look. Cuadernos de Administración, 35(63), 101-113.
  • Galizzi, M. M. (2014). What is really behavioral in behavioral health policy? And does it work? Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 36(1), 25–60.
  • Hagman, W., Andersson, D., Vastfjall, D. & Tinghög, G. (2015). Public views on policies involving nudges. Review of Philosophy and Psychology, 6 (3), 439-453.
  • Hagmann, D., Ho, E. H. & Loewenstein, G. (2019). Nudging out support for a carbon tax. Nature Climate Change, 9(6), 484–489.
  • Hansen, P. G. (2016). The definition of nudge and libertarian paternalism: Does the hand fit the glove? European Journal of Risk Regulation, 7(01), 155–174.
  • Hansen, P. G. & Jespersen, A. M. (2013). Nudge and the manipulation of choice: a framework for the responsible use of the nudge approach to behaviour change in public policy. European Journal of Risk Regulation, 3-28.
  • Hettiarachchi, H. & Kshourad,C. (2019). Promoting Waste-to-Energy: Nexus Thinking, Policy Instruments, and Implications for the Environment. S.Kumar, R.Kumar, A. Pandey (Eds.), Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Elsevier, ss. 163-184.
  • House of Lords. (2011). Behaviour Change, House of Lords London: The Stationery Office Limited.
  • Howlett, M. (2005). What is a policy instrument? Tools, mixes, and implementation styles. In P. F. Eliadis, M. M. Hill, M. Howlett (Eds.), Designing government (pp. 31–50). McGill-Queen’s University Press Montreal.
  • Howlett, M. (2018). The criteria for effective policy design: Character and context in policy instrument choice. Journal of Asian Public Policy, 11(3), 245–266.
  • Howlett, M. & Rayner, J. (2007). Design principles for policy mixes: Cohesion and coherence in “new governance arrangements”. Policy and Society, 26:4, 1-18.
  • Ivanković, V. & Engelen, B. (2019). Nudging, transparency, and watchfulness. Social Theory and Practice, 45(1):43-73.
  • John P. (2018). How Far to Nudge? Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, Cheltenham.
  • Jones, R., Pykett, J. & Whitehead, M. (2011). Governing temptation: Changing behaviour in an age of libertarian paternalism. Progress in Human Geography, 35(4), 483–501.
  • Kamilçelebi, H. (2019). Davranışsal İktisat. IJOPEC Publication, İstanbul.
  • Kroese, F. M., Marchiori, D. R. ve de Ridder, D. T. (2016) Nudging healthy food choices: A field experiment at the train station. Journal of Public Health, 38(2), e133–e137.
  • Lascoumes, P. & Le Gales, P. (2007). Introduction: Understanding public policy through its instruments—from the nature of ınstruments to the sociology of public policy instrumentation. Governance: An International Journal of Policy, Administration, and Institutions, 20(1), 1–21.
  • Leyva, S. & Cifuentes, J.T. (2015). Un diagnóstico de los instrumentos de gobierno de una política pública. En S. Leyva (Ed.), Análisis de política púbica poblacional. La juventud en Medellín: crisis, cambios e innovación (pp.270- 301). Medellín, Colombia: Fondo Editorial Universidad EAFIT.
  • Linder, S.H. & Peters, B.G. (1989). Instruments of government: Perceptions and contexts. Journal of Public Policy, 9(1), 35-58.
  • Loer, K. (2019). How do Citizens do What They Are Supposed to Do? Policy-Makers in Search of Tools Addressing Multidimensional Actors, Paper to be presented at ICPP Montréal June 26-28.
  • Loewenstein, G. & Chater, N. (2017). Putting nudges in perspective. Behavioural Public Policy, 1(1), 26–53.
  • Loewenstein, G., Asch, D. A., Friedman, J. Y., Melichar, L. A. & Volpp, K. G. (2012). Can behavioural economics make us healthier?. BMJ, 344: e3482–e3482.
  • Loewenstein, G., Bryce, C., Hagmann, D. & Rajpal, S. (2015). Warning: You are about to be nudged. Behavioral Science and Policy, 1(1), 35–42.
  • MacKay, D. & Robinson, A. (2016). The ethics of organ donor registration policies: Nudges and respect for autonomy. The American Journal of Bioethics, 16(11), 3–12.
  • McCrudden, C. (2015). Nudging and human dignity, VerfBlog, https://verfassungsblog.de/nudging-human-dignity-2/, DOI: 10.17176/20181005-151150-0, [Erişim tarihi: 18Mayıs 2022].
  • McCrudden, C. & King, J. (2015). The Dark Side of Nudging: The Ethics, Political Economy, and Law of Libertarian Paternalism. A. Kemmerer, C. Möllers, M. Steinbeis, G. Wagner (Eds.) Choice Architecture in Democracies, Exploring the Legitimacy of Nudging (Oxford/Baden-Baden: Hart and Nomos, 2015), Forthcoming, U of Michigan Public Law Research Paper No. 485, Queen's University Belfast Law Research Paper No. 16.
  • NEF (2005). Behavioural economics: seven principles for policy-makers, https://neweconomics.org/uploads/files/cd98c5923342487571_v8m6b3g15.pdf, [Erişim tarihi: 30 Mart 2022]. OECD (2022). Behavioural insights. https://www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/behavioural-insights.htm. [Erişim tarihi: 29 Mart 2022].
  • Özdemir, Ş. (2019). Bir kamu politikası aracı olarak davranışsal içgörü. Türkiye İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi, (34), 247-274.
  • Peters, B. G. (2000). Policy instruments and public management: Bridging the gaps. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory: J-PART, 10(1), Tenth Anniversary Issue, 35–47.
  • Peters, B. G. (2005). Policy Instruments and Policy Capacity. In: M.Painter, J. Pierre (Eds.), Challenges to State Policy Capacity. Palgrave Macmillan, London, ss.73-91.
  • Rogge, K. S. & Reichardt, K. (2016). Policy mixes for sustainability transitions: An extended concept and framework for analysis. Research Policy, 45, 1620-1635.
  • Salamon, L. M. (2001). The new governance and the tools of public action: An introduction. Fordham Urban Law Journal, 28(5), 1641-1674.
  • Schmidt, A. T. & Engelen, B. (2020). The ethics of nudging: An overview. Philosophy Compass, 15(4), 1-13.
  • Selinger, E. & Whyte, K. P. (2012). Nudging cannot solve complex policy problems. European Journal of Risk Regulation, 3(1), 26–31.
  • Serim, H. & Küçükşenel, S. (2020). Davranışsal iktisat ve dürtme: Sağlık politikaları özelinde bir inceleme. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 38, 531-559.
  • SK, L. (2020). Is “Nudge” a desirable public policy tool?, https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/columns/is-nudge-a-desirable-public-policy-tool/article33126549.ece, [Erişim tarihi: 10 Nisan 2022].
  • Steffel, M., Williams, E. F. & Pogacar, R. (2016). Ethically deployed defaults: Transparency and consumer protection through disclosure and preference articulation. Journal of Marketing Research, 53(5), 865–880.
  • Sunstein, C. R. (2014). Nudging: A Very Short Guide. Journal of Consumer Policy, 37(4), 583–588.
  • Sunstein, C. R. (2016). The Ethics of Choice Architecture. In: A. Kemmerer, C. Möllers, M. Steinbeis, G. Wagner (Eds.), Choice architecture in democracies. Exploring the legitimacy of nudging. Baden-Baden, Hart Publishing: Nomos (Recht im Kontext, 6), pp. 21–74.
  • Sunstein, C. R., Reisch, L. A. & Rauber, J. (2017). A worldwide consensus on nudging? Not quite, but almost. Regulation ve Governance, 12(1), 1–20.
  • Sunstein, C.R. (2015). The ethics of nudging. Yale Journal on Regulation, 32, 413-450.
  • Şimşek, H. (2018). Davranışsal İktisadın Politika Yapımına Etkisi. IJOPEC Publication, İstanbul.
  • Thaler, R. H. & Benartzi, S. (2004). Save more tomorrow: Using behavioral economics to increase employee saving. Journal of Political Economy, 112(S1), S164–S187.
  • Thaler, R. H. & Sunstein, C. R. (2017). Dürtme (Nudge): Sağlık, Zenginlik ve Mutlulukla İlgili Kararları Uygulamak. (Çev. Enver Günsel). İstanbul: Pegasus Yayınları
  • Vedung, E. (2010). Policy Instruments: Typologies and Theories. In: M.L. Bemelmans-Videc, R.C.Rist, E. Vedung (Eds.), Carrots, Sticks and Sermon, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, New Jersey ss. 21-58.

Bir Kamu Politikası Aracı Olarak Dürtme

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 175 - 206, 30.12.2022

Veysel Erat Dilek Alma Savaş

https://doi.org/10.33399/biibfad.1119347
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Yasal olarak tanımlanmış eylemleri gerçekleştirmek ve halkın ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak amacıyla oluşturulan kamu politikalarının birçok aracı bulunmaktadır. Politikanın başarıya ulaşmasının önemli bir unsuru olan araçlar; genel bir sınıflandırma ile normlar, mali düzenlemeler ve bilgi şeklinde üçe ayrılmaktadır. Devletlerin çözmekte zorlandığı kamu politikası sorunlarının ortaya çıkması ve bu sorunların gittikçe artması geleneksel araçların problem çözme noktasında yetersizliğini göstermiştir. Bu durum yeni araçların ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmanın konusu olan dürtme, yeni araçlardan biridir. Dürtmeyi bir kamu politikası aracı olarak değerlendirmeyi amaçlayan çalışmada öncelikle araçlar ve dürtme konusundaki kavramsal çerçeve ele almıştır. Akabinde dürtme bir politika aracı olarak ele alınmış ve son kısımda dürtmeye yöneltilen eleştirilere yer verilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda dürtmenin devletler tarafından giderek daha fazla kullanılan bir araç olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Ancak dürtme aracının genel kabul gören bir araç olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Hükümetler tarafından başarılı bir şekilde kullanılan dürtmeler karşısında etik temelde eleştiriler söz konusudur. Dürmenin bir politika aracı olarak kullanılmaya ve ortaya çıkan sonuçlara göre dürtmeleri savunan ve eleştiren çalışmaların sayısının artmaya devam edeceği anlaşılmaktadır.

Keywords

Dürtme kamu politikası kamu politikası araçları etik.

References

  • Acciai, C. & Capano, G. (2020). Policy instruments at work: A meta-analysis of their applications, Public Administration, 99(1), 118-136.
  • Aldemir, C. & Kaya, M. (2020). “Dürtme” fikrinin bir kamu politikası aracı olarak covid- 19 döneminde hükümetler tarafından uygulanması. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, Cilt 19 COVID-19 Özel Sayısı, 122-142. DOI: 10.21547/jss.742934.
  • Ali, M. (2013). Sustainability Assessment Context of Resource and Environmental Policy, Bangladesh: Academic Press.
  • Baldwin, R. (2014). From regulation to behaviour change: Giving nudge the third degree. The Modern Law Review, 77(6), 831–857.
  • Bekkers V., Tummers, L. & Leeuwen, M.V. (2014). “Nudge” as An Innovative Policy Instrument: A Public Administration Perspective, Conference paper for the Social Innovation Research Conference (SIRC): 2014, 21st – 22nd May 2015, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
  • Benartzi, S., Beshears, J., Milkman, K. L., Sunstein, C. R., Thaler, R. H., Shankar, M., Tucker-Ray, W., Congdon, W. J. & Galing, S. (2017). Should governments invest more in nudging? Psychological Science, 28(8), 1041–1055.
  • Bogliacino, F., Codagnone, C. & Veltri, G.A. (2016). An introduction to the special issue on the behavioural turn in public policy: New evidence from experiments. Econ Polit, 33, 323–332.
  • Bovens, L. (2009). The ethics of nudge. In: G.Y. Till, S.O.Hansson (Eds.) Preference Change: Approaches From Philosophy, Economics and Psychology. Theory and decision library A (42). Springer, pp. 207-219.
  • Bruns, H., Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, E., Klement, K., Jonsson, M. L. & Rahali, B. (2018). Can nudges be transparent and yet effective? Journal of Economic Psychology, 65(C), 41-59.
  • Congiu, L. & Moscati, I. (2022). A review of nudges: Definitions, justifications, effectiveness. Journal of Economic Surveys, 36: 188–213.
  • Cronqvist, H., Thaler, R. H. & Yu, F. (2018). When nudges are forever: Inertia in the swedish Premium pension plan. AEA Papers and Proceedings, 108, 153–158.
  • Damgaard, M. T. & Nielsen, H. S. (2018). Nudging in education. Economics of Education Review, 64, 313–342.
  • De Quintana Medina, J. (2021). Nudges, consideraciones normativas de sus objetivos y métodos. Gestión Y Análisis De Políticas Públicas, 25, 23-37.
  • Einfeld C. (2020). Should an Ethical Public Servant Nudge?. In: H. Sullivan, H. Dickinson, H. Henderson (Eds.) The Palgrave Handbook of the Public Servant. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
  • Erdoğan, M. & Karagöl, V. (2019). Davranışsal İktisat, Dürtme ve Günlük Hayatta Kamusal Müdahaleler: Türkiye Örnekleri ve Tavsiyeler, EconWorld2019, July, Budapest.
  • Erdoğan, M. & Karagöl, V. (2020). As a Public Policy Tool Can the Nudge Affect Individual Savings? International Conference on Economics, September 10-12, 2020; Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
  • Eryaşar, M. (2020). Pazarlama Alanında Yapılan Dürtme Konulu Çalışmaların Bibliyometrik Analizi. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Fischer, M. & Lotz, S. (2014). Is soft paternalism ethically legitimate? – the relevance of psychological processes for the assessment of nudge-based policies. CGS Working Paper, University of Cologne.
  • Franco Vargas, M. H. & Roldán Restrepo, D. (2019). The instruments of public policy. A transdisciplinary look. Cuadernos de Administración, 35(63), 101-113.
  • Galizzi, M. M. (2014). What is really behavioral in behavioral health policy? And does it work? Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 36(1), 25–60.
  • Hagman, W., Andersson, D., Vastfjall, D. & Tinghög, G. (2015). Public views on policies involving nudges. Review of Philosophy and Psychology, 6 (3), 439-453.
  • Hagmann, D., Ho, E. H. & Loewenstein, G. (2019). Nudging out support for a carbon tax. Nature Climate Change, 9(6), 484–489.
  • Hansen, P. G. (2016). The definition of nudge and libertarian paternalism: Does the hand fit the glove? European Journal of Risk Regulation, 7(01), 155–174.
  • Hansen, P. G. & Jespersen, A. M. (2013). Nudge and the manipulation of choice: a framework for the responsible use of the nudge approach to behaviour change in public policy. European Journal of Risk Regulation, 3-28.
  • Hettiarachchi, H. & Kshourad,C. (2019). Promoting Waste-to-Energy: Nexus Thinking, Policy Instruments, and Implications for the Environment. S.Kumar, R.Kumar, A. Pandey (Eds.), Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Elsevier, ss. 163-184.
  • House of Lords. (2011). Behaviour Change, House of Lords London: The Stationery Office Limited.
  • Howlett, M. (2005). What is a policy instrument? Tools, mixes, and implementation styles. In P. F. Eliadis, M. M. Hill, M. Howlett (Eds.), Designing government (pp. 31–50). McGill-Queen’s University Press Montreal.
  • Howlett, M. (2018). The criteria for effective policy design: Character and context in policy instrument choice. Journal of Asian Public Policy, 11(3), 245–266.
  • Howlett, M. & Rayner, J. (2007). Design principles for policy mixes: Cohesion and coherence in “new governance arrangements”. Policy and Society, 26:4, 1-18.
  • Ivanković, V. & Engelen, B. (2019). Nudging, transparency, and watchfulness. Social Theory and Practice, 45(1):43-73.
  • John P. (2018). How Far to Nudge? Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, Cheltenham.
  • Jones, R., Pykett, J. & Whitehead, M. (2011). Governing temptation: Changing behaviour in an age of libertarian paternalism. Progress in Human Geography, 35(4), 483–501.
  • Kamilçelebi, H. (2019). Davranışsal İktisat. IJOPEC Publication, İstanbul.
  • Kroese, F. M., Marchiori, D. R. ve de Ridder, D. T. (2016) Nudging healthy food choices: A field experiment at the train station. Journal of Public Health, 38(2), e133–e137.
  • Lascoumes, P. & Le Gales, P. (2007). Introduction: Understanding public policy through its instruments—from the nature of ınstruments to the sociology of public policy instrumentation. Governance: An International Journal of Policy, Administration, and Institutions, 20(1), 1–21.
  • Leyva, S. & Cifuentes, J.T. (2015). Un diagnóstico de los instrumentos de gobierno de una política pública. En S. Leyva (Ed.), Análisis de política púbica poblacional. La juventud en Medellín: crisis, cambios e innovación (pp.270- 301). Medellín, Colombia: Fondo Editorial Universidad EAFIT.
  • Linder, S.H. & Peters, B.G. (1989). Instruments of government: Perceptions and contexts. Journal of Public Policy, 9(1), 35-58.
  • Loer, K. (2019). How do Citizens do What They Are Supposed to Do? Policy-Makers in Search of Tools Addressing Multidimensional Actors, Paper to be presented at ICPP Montréal June 26-28.
  • Loewenstein, G. & Chater, N. (2017). Putting nudges in perspective. Behavioural Public Policy, 1(1), 26–53.
  • Loewenstein, G., Asch, D. A., Friedman, J. Y., Melichar, L. A. & Volpp, K. G. (2012). Can behavioural economics make us healthier?. BMJ, 344: e3482–e3482.
  • Loewenstein, G., Bryce, C., Hagmann, D. & Rajpal, S. (2015). Warning: You are about to be nudged. Behavioral Science and Policy, 1(1), 35–42.
  • MacKay, D. & Robinson, A. (2016). The ethics of organ donor registration policies: Nudges and respect for autonomy. The American Journal of Bioethics, 16(11), 3–12.
  • McCrudden, C. (2015). Nudging and human dignity, VerfBlog, https://verfassungsblog.de/nudging-human-dignity-2/, DOI: 10.17176/20181005-151150-0, [Erişim tarihi: 18Mayıs 2022].
  • McCrudden, C. & King, J. (2015). The Dark Side of Nudging: The Ethics, Political Economy, and Law of Libertarian Paternalism. A. Kemmerer, C. Möllers, M. Steinbeis, G. Wagner (Eds.) Choice Architecture in Democracies, Exploring the Legitimacy of Nudging (Oxford/Baden-Baden: Hart and Nomos, 2015), Forthcoming, U of Michigan Public Law Research Paper No. 485, Queen's University Belfast Law Research Paper No. 16.
  • NEF (2005). Behavioural economics: seven principles for policy-makers, https://neweconomics.org/uploads/files/cd98c5923342487571_v8m6b3g15.pdf, [Erişim tarihi: 30 Mart 2022]. OECD (2022). Behavioural insights. https://www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/behavioural-insights.htm. [Erişim tarihi: 29 Mart 2022].
  • Özdemir, Ş. (2019). Bir kamu politikası aracı olarak davranışsal içgörü. Türkiye İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi, (34), 247-274.
  • Peters, B. G. (2000). Policy instruments and public management: Bridging the gaps. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory: J-PART, 10(1), Tenth Anniversary Issue, 35–47.
  • Peters, B. G. (2005). Policy Instruments and Policy Capacity. In: M.Painter, J. Pierre (Eds.), Challenges to State Policy Capacity. Palgrave Macmillan, London, ss.73-91.
  • Rogge, K. S. & Reichardt, K. (2016). Policy mixes for sustainability transitions: An extended concept and framework for analysis. Research Policy, 45, 1620-1635.
  • Salamon, L. M. (2001). The new governance and the tools of public action: An introduction. Fordham Urban Law Journal, 28(5), 1641-1674.
  • Schmidt, A. T. & Engelen, B. (2020). The ethics of nudging: An overview. Philosophy Compass, 15(4), 1-13.
  • Selinger, E. & Whyte, K. P. (2012). Nudging cannot solve complex policy problems. European Journal of Risk Regulation, 3(1), 26–31.
  • Serim, H. & Küçükşenel, S. (2020). Davranışsal iktisat ve dürtme: Sağlık politikaları özelinde bir inceleme. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 38, 531-559.
  • SK, L. (2020). Is “Nudge” a desirable public policy tool?, https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/columns/is-nudge-a-desirable-public-policy-tool/article33126549.ece, [Erişim tarihi: 10 Nisan 2022].
  • Steffel, M., Williams, E. F. & Pogacar, R. (2016). Ethically deployed defaults: Transparency and consumer protection through disclosure and preference articulation. Journal of Marketing Research, 53(5), 865–880.
  • Sunstein, C. R. (2014). Nudging: A Very Short Guide. Journal of Consumer Policy, 37(4), 583–588.
  • Sunstein, C. R. (2016). The Ethics of Choice Architecture. In: A. Kemmerer, C. Möllers, M. Steinbeis, G. Wagner (Eds.), Choice architecture in democracies. Exploring the legitimacy of nudging. Baden-Baden, Hart Publishing: Nomos (Recht im Kontext, 6), pp. 21–74.
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There are 63 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Public Administration
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Veysel Erat 0000-0002-0735-5432

Dilek Alma Savaş 0000-0001-6246-8539

Publication Date December 30, 2022
Submission Date May 20, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Erat, V., & Alma Savaş, D. (2022). Bir Kamu Politikası Aracı Olarak Dürtme. Bingöl Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(2), 175-206. https://doi.org/10.33399/biibfad.1119347

Cited By

Dürtme Teorisi Çerçevesinde Türk Yükseköğretiminde Göç Eğitimi: Politika, Müfredat ve Kurumsal Gelişim
İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1227296
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