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Macbeth: Is Shakespeare's Compliment to King James VI and I?

Year 2022, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 15 - 30, 27.06.2022

Dilek Yiğit

Abstract

In 1603 King James VI of Scotland was crowned King James I of England the first of the Stuart Kings of the combined crowns of England and Scotland. Although James was Scottish, the atmosphere in England was one of excitement as his accession to the throne meant a peaceful solution to the English succession and a guarantee of Protestant reformation process. Shakespeare wrote Macbeth after James became king of England. Macbeth points out that the arrival of the new monarch was not inconsequential for Shakespeare who did not experience the reign of any monarch other than Elizabeth I. Besides, the role attributed to witches in the play shows that Shakespeare cared about James's views and experiences about witches. Has Shakespeare write Macbeth as a compliment to the king? The article aims to answer this question in light of the circumstances in which Macbeth was written and the content of Macbeth.

Keywords

King James VI(I) Shakespeare Macbeth Banquo

References

  • Alker, Sharon ve Nelson, Holly Faith (2007), “Macbeth, The Jacobean Scot, and the Politics of Union”, Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, 47(2), 379-401.
  • Bald, R.C. (1951), “Reviewed Work(s): The Royal Play of Macbeth: When, Why, and How It Was Written by Shakespeare by Henry N. Paul”, Shakespeare Quarterly, 2(3), 257-259.
  • Berger, Jr., Harry (1980), “The Early Scenes of Macbeth: Preface to a New Interpretation”, ELH, 47(1), 1-31.
  • Britannica, “Macbeth”, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Macbeth-king-of-Scots (Erişim:10.09.2021)
  • Britannica, “Malcolm III Canmore”, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Malcolm-III-Canmore#ref284701 (Erişim:10.09.2021)
  • Broun, Malcolm D. (t.y), “Macbeth, Kings of Scots, 1040-1057”, https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/index.php/JSSSH/article/view/7175 (Erişim:10.09.2021)
  • Brown, J.T.T (1927), “The Origin of the House of Stewart”, The Scottish Historical Review, 24(96), 265-279.
  • Burges, Glenn (1992), “The Divine Right of Kings Reconsidered”, The English Historical Review, 107(425), 837-861
  • Calhoun, Howell V. (1942), “James I and the Witch Scenes in Macbeth”, The Shakespeare Association Bulletin, 17(4),184-189.
  • Carthaigh, Criostoir Mac (1992/1993), The Ship-Sinking Witch: A Maritime Folk Legend from North-West Europe, Paper Presented at the Nordic-Celtic Legend Symposium, 267-286.
  • Curry, Walter Clyde (1933), “The Demonic Metaphysics of “Macbeth”’, Studies in Philology, 30(3), 395-426.
  • De Angelis, L. (2019), Witch Hunting 16th and 17th Century England, The Histories, 8(1), 1-10.
  • Desmet, Christy (2002), “Reviewed Work(s):Shakespeare’s Monarchies: Ruler and Subject in the Romances by Constance Jordan”, Comparative Drama, 34(1), 111-114.
  • Floyd Wilson Mary (2006), “English Epicures and Scottish Witches”, Shakespeare Quarterly, 57(2),131-161.
  • Hall, David. D. (1985), “Witchcraft and the Limits of Interpretation”, The New England Quarterly, 58(2), 253-281.
  • Henneberger, Olive (1946), “Banquo, Loyal Subject”, College English, 8(1),18-22.
  • Firkins, O.W. (1910), “The Character of Macbeth”, The Sewanee Review, 18(4), 414-430.
  • Kurland, Stuart M. (1994), “Hamlet and Scottish Succession?”, Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, 34(2), 279-300.
  • Law, Robert Adger (1952), “The Composition of “Macbeth” With Reference to Holinshed”, The University of Texas Studies in English, 31, 35-41.
  • Lyle E.B. (1977), “The ‘Twofold Balls and Treble Scepters’ in Macbeth”, Shakespeare Quarterly, 28(4), 516-519.
  • Mack, Elizabeth (2009), “The Malleus Maleficarum and King James:Defining Witchcraft”, Voces Novae: Chapman University Historical Review, 1(1),181-204.
  • Mackie, J.D. (1924), “The Secret Diplomacy of King James VI in Italy Prior to His Accession to the English Throne”, The Scottish Historical Review, 21(84), 267-282.
  • McLuskie, Kathleen (2001), “Reviewed Work(s):Macbeth:Man and Myth by Nick Aitchison”, Shakespeare Quarterly, 52(2), 293-296.
  • Melta, Stefano (2018/2019), King James’s Daemonogie: the evolution of the concept of witchcraft in Scotland, Tesi di Laurea, Universita degli Studi di Padova.
  • Nagarajan, S. (1956), “A Note on Banquo”, Shakespeare Quarterly, 7(4), 371-376.
  • Newton, John (2002), “Review article: Witches and Fairies in Early-Modern Scotland”, The Seventeenth Century, 17(2), 273-278.
  • Paul, Henry N. (1947), “The First Performance of Macbeth”, The Shakespeare Association Bulletin, 22(4), 149-154.
  • Ramin, Zohreh ve Shafinasab, Alireza (2015), “The Unnoble Nobles: Notes on Shakespeare’s Masterful Characterization in Macbeth”, ILSHS, 52, 132-138.
  • Reid, W. Stanford (1947), “The Middle Class Factor in the Scottish Reformation”, Church History, 16(3), 137-153.
  • Richards, Judith M. (2002), “The English Accession of James VI: National Identity, Gender and the Personal Monarchy of England”, The English Historical Review, 117(472), 513-535.
  • Robbins, Rossell Hope (1963), “The Imposture of Witchcraft”, Folklore, 74(4), 545-562.
  • Shearer, Kelsee (2016), King James’ Daemonologie and Scottish Witchcraft Trials, Central Washington University, All Master Theses.
  • Spoto, Stephanie Irene (2010), “Jacobean Witchcraft and Feminine Power”, Pacific Coast Philology, 45, 53-70.
  • Vanysacker, Dries (2010), Reviewed Work(s): Witchcraft and the Act of 1604 (Studies in Medieval and Reformation Traditions 131) by John Newton and Jo Bath, Church History and Religious Culture, 90(4), 697-699.
  • Whitaker, Virgil K. (1965), “In Search of Shakespeare’s Journal”, Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, 5(2), 303-315.
  • Willams, George Walton (1982), “Macbeth: King James’s Play”, South Atlantic Review, 47(2),12-21.
  • Wilson, J. Dover (1952), “Reviewed Work(s): The Royal Play of Macbeth: When, Why, and How It Was Written by Shakespeare by Henry N. Paul”, The Review Of English Studies, 3(12), 386-388.
  • Wormald, Jenny (1983), “James VI and I: Two Kings or One?”, History, 68(223),187-209.
  • Wortham, Christopher (1996), “Shakespeare, James I and the Matter of Britain”, English:Journal of the English Association, 45(182), 97-122.
  • Yiğit, Dilek (2022), “Kral VI(I). James Döneminde İskoçya’da ve İngiltere’de Cadı Avı”, Vakanüvis-Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(1), 442-466.

Macbeth: Shakespeare'in Kral VI(I). James'e İthafı mı?

Year 2022, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 15 - 30, 27.06.2022

Dilek Yiğit

Abstract

1603 yılında İngiltere tahtına İskoçya’nın Kralı VI. James çıkmıştır. Böylelikle İngiltere’nin ve İskoçya’nın taçları birleşmiştir. İngiltere’de I. James olarak taç giyen James ülkenin Stuart hanedanlığına mensup ilk kralıdır. İskoç olmasına rağmen James’in tahta çıkışı veraset sorununun barışcıl çözümü ve Protestan reformasyon sürecinin getirilerinin korunması açısından İngiltere’de genel bir memnuniyet ile karşılanmıştır. Shakespeare Macbeth’i James’in İngiltere tahtına çıkışından sonra, bu genel memnuniyet ortamında kaleme almıştır. Macbeth bir İskoç hikayesi olarak Shakespeare’in İngiltere tahtında İskoç kralın oturuyor olmasını ve eserde cadılara atfedilen rol ise Shakespeare’in James’in cadılara dair görüş ve tecrübelerini önemsemiş olduğunu göstermektedir. Shakespeare Macbeth’i Kral VI(I). James’e ithaf olarak yazmış olabilir mi? Bu makalede Macbeth’in yazıldığı koşullar, içeriği ve eserde gözlemlenen Kral VI(I). James’in etkisi ışığında bu soruya yanıt aramaya çalışılacaktır.

Keywords

Kral VI(I). James Shakespeare Macbeth Banquo

References

  • Alker, Sharon ve Nelson, Holly Faith (2007), “Macbeth, The Jacobean Scot, and the Politics of Union”, Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, 47(2), 379-401.
  • Bald, R.C. (1951), “Reviewed Work(s): The Royal Play of Macbeth: When, Why, and How It Was Written by Shakespeare by Henry N. Paul”, Shakespeare Quarterly, 2(3), 257-259.
  • Berger, Jr., Harry (1980), “The Early Scenes of Macbeth: Preface to a New Interpretation”, ELH, 47(1), 1-31.
  • Britannica, “Macbeth”, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Macbeth-king-of-Scots (Erişim:10.09.2021)
  • Britannica, “Malcolm III Canmore”, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Malcolm-III-Canmore#ref284701 (Erişim:10.09.2021)
  • Broun, Malcolm D. (t.y), “Macbeth, Kings of Scots, 1040-1057”, https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/index.php/JSSSH/article/view/7175 (Erişim:10.09.2021)
  • Brown, J.T.T (1927), “The Origin of the House of Stewart”, The Scottish Historical Review, 24(96), 265-279.
  • Burges, Glenn (1992), “The Divine Right of Kings Reconsidered”, The English Historical Review, 107(425), 837-861
  • Calhoun, Howell V. (1942), “James I and the Witch Scenes in Macbeth”, The Shakespeare Association Bulletin, 17(4),184-189.
  • Carthaigh, Criostoir Mac (1992/1993), The Ship-Sinking Witch: A Maritime Folk Legend from North-West Europe, Paper Presented at the Nordic-Celtic Legend Symposium, 267-286.
  • Curry, Walter Clyde (1933), “The Demonic Metaphysics of “Macbeth”’, Studies in Philology, 30(3), 395-426.
  • De Angelis, L. (2019), Witch Hunting 16th and 17th Century England, The Histories, 8(1), 1-10.
  • Desmet, Christy (2002), “Reviewed Work(s):Shakespeare’s Monarchies: Ruler and Subject in the Romances by Constance Jordan”, Comparative Drama, 34(1), 111-114.
  • Floyd Wilson Mary (2006), “English Epicures and Scottish Witches”, Shakespeare Quarterly, 57(2),131-161.
  • Hall, David. D. (1985), “Witchcraft and the Limits of Interpretation”, The New England Quarterly, 58(2), 253-281.
  • Henneberger, Olive (1946), “Banquo, Loyal Subject”, College English, 8(1),18-22.
  • Firkins, O.W. (1910), “The Character of Macbeth”, The Sewanee Review, 18(4), 414-430.
  • Kurland, Stuart M. (1994), “Hamlet and Scottish Succession?”, Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, 34(2), 279-300.
  • Law, Robert Adger (1952), “The Composition of “Macbeth” With Reference to Holinshed”, The University of Texas Studies in English, 31, 35-41.
  • Lyle E.B. (1977), “The ‘Twofold Balls and Treble Scepters’ in Macbeth”, Shakespeare Quarterly, 28(4), 516-519.
  • Mack, Elizabeth (2009), “The Malleus Maleficarum and King James:Defining Witchcraft”, Voces Novae: Chapman University Historical Review, 1(1),181-204.
  • Mackie, J.D. (1924), “The Secret Diplomacy of King James VI in Italy Prior to His Accession to the English Throne”, The Scottish Historical Review, 21(84), 267-282.
  • McLuskie, Kathleen (2001), “Reviewed Work(s):Macbeth:Man and Myth by Nick Aitchison”, Shakespeare Quarterly, 52(2), 293-296.
  • Melta, Stefano (2018/2019), King James’s Daemonogie: the evolution of the concept of witchcraft in Scotland, Tesi di Laurea, Universita degli Studi di Padova.
  • Nagarajan, S. (1956), “A Note on Banquo”, Shakespeare Quarterly, 7(4), 371-376.
  • Newton, John (2002), “Review article: Witches and Fairies in Early-Modern Scotland”, The Seventeenth Century, 17(2), 273-278.
  • Paul, Henry N. (1947), “The First Performance of Macbeth”, The Shakespeare Association Bulletin, 22(4), 149-154.
  • Ramin, Zohreh ve Shafinasab, Alireza (2015), “The Unnoble Nobles: Notes on Shakespeare’s Masterful Characterization in Macbeth”, ILSHS, 52, 132-138.
  • Reid, W. Stanford (1947), “The Middle Class Factor in the Scottish Reformation”, Church History, 16(3), 137-153.
  • Richards, Judith M. (2002), “The English Accession of James VI: National Identity, Gender and the Personal Monarchy of England”, The English Historical Review, 117(472), 513-535.
  • Robbins, Rossell Hope (1963), “The Imposture of Witchcraft”, Folklore, 74(4), 545-562.
  • Shearer, Kelsee (2016), King James’ Daemonologie and Scottish Witchcraft Trials, Central Washington University, All Master Theses.
  • Spoto, Stephanie Irene (2010), “Jacobean Witchcraft and Feminine Power”, Pacific Coast Philology, 45, 53-70.
  • Vanysacker, Dries (2010), Reviewed Work(s): Witchcraft and the Act of 1604 (Studies in Medieval and Reformation Traditions 131) by John Newton and Jo Bath, Church History and Religious Culture, 90(4), 697-699.
  • Whitaker, Virgil K. (1965), “In Search of Shakespeare’s Journal”, Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, 5(2), 303-315.
  • Willams, George Walton (1982), “Macbeth: King James’s Play”, South Atlantic Review, 47(2),12-21.
  • Wilson, J. Dover (1952), “Reviewed Work(s): The Royal Play of Macbeth: When, Why, and How It Was Written by Shakespeare by Henry N. Paul”, The Review Of English Studies, 3(12), 386-388.
  • Wormald, Jenny (1983), “James VI and I: Two Kings or One?”, History, 68(223),187-209.
  • Wortham, Christopher (1996), “Shakespeare, James I and the Matter of Britain”, English:Journal of the English Association, 45(182), 97-122.
  • Yiğit, Dilek (2022), “Kral VI(I). James Döneminde İskoçya’da ve İngiltere’de Cadı Avı”, Vakanüvis-Uluslararası Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(1), 442-466.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Dilek Yiğit 0000-0003-3132-6110

Publication Date June 27, 2022
Submission Date April 15, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 2 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Yiğit, D. (2022). Macbeth: Shakespeare’in Kral VI(I). James’e İthafı mı?. Bitig Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(3), 15-30.
AMA Yiğit D. Macbeth: Shakespeare’in Kral VI(I). James’e İthafı mı?. bitig. June 2022;2(3):15-30.
Chicago Yiğit, Dilek. “Macbeth: Shakespeare’in Kral VI(I). James’e İthafı mı?”. Bitig Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 2, no. 3 (June 2022): 15-30.
EndNote Yiğit D (June 1, 2022) Macbeth: Shakespeare’in Kral VI(I). James’e İthafı mı?. Bitig Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 2 3 15–30.
IEEE D. Yiğit, “Macbeth: Shakespeare’in Kral VI(I). James’e İthafı mı?”, bitig, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 15–30, 2022.
ISNAD Yiğit, Dilek. “Macbeth: Shakespeare’in Kral VI(I). James’e İthafı mı?”. Bitig Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 2/3 (June 2022), 15-30.
JAMA Yiğit D. Macbeth: Shakespeare’in Kral VI(I). James’e İthafı mı?. bitig. 2022;2:15–30.
MLA Yiğit, Dilek. “Macbeth: Shakespeare’in Kral VI(I). James’e İthafı mı?”. Bitig Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 2, no. 3, 2022, pp. 15-30.
Vancouver Yiğit D. Macbeth: Shakespeare’in Kral VI(I). James’e İthafı mı?. bitig. 2022;2(3):15-30.
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