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Investigation of the Effects of Starvation Stress in the Midgut of the Silkworm Bombyx mori

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 12 - 23, 30.06.2023

Tuğçe Ergin Ordu Ebru Göncü

https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.1225101

Abstract

During their evolution, organisms have developed various mechanisms to adapt to changing nutritional conditions such as mobilization of storage molecules and activation of autophagy. In this study, the mechanism of adaptive responses in the midgut of the silkworm Bombyx mori L., 1758 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) larvae, which were starved for different days, was investigated. The study was carried out at the Insect Physiology Research Laboratory and Silkworm Culture Laboratory at Ege University between 2018 and 2020. For this purpose, the histological structure of the midgut was examined using hematoxylin&eosin staining and its protein, sugar, glycogen, and lipid contents were determined. As autophagy markers, lysosomal enzyme activities were measured and expressions of autophagy-related genes (mTOR, ATG8, and ATG12) were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The results showed that, depending on the time of onset of starvation stress, autophagy plays no role as an adaptive response under starvation conditions or occurs at a much more moderate level than autophagy which happens as part of cell death during larval-pupal metamorphosis.

Keywords

Lepidoptera digestive canal programmed cell death ATG genes

Supporting Institution

Ege University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit

Project Number

FYL-2019-20470

Thanks

This study was supported by Ege University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Project number: FYL-2019-20470).

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İpek Böceği Bombyx mori’ nin Orta Bağırsağında Açlık Stresinin Etkilerinin Araştırılması

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 12 - 23, 30.06.2023

Tuğçe Ergin Ordu Ebru Göncü

https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.1225101

Abstract

Organizmalar, evrimleri sırasında değişen beslenme koşullarına uyum sağlamak için depo moleküllerinin mobilizasyonu ve otofajinin aktivasyonu gibi çeşitli mekanizmalar geliştirmiştir. Bu çalışmada, farklı günlerde aç bırakılan ipekböceği Bombyx mori L., 1758 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) larvalarının orta bağırsağındaki adaptif tepkilerin mekanizması araştırılmıştır. Çalışma 2018-2020 yılları arasında Ege Üniversitesi böcek fizyolojisi araştırma laboratuvarı ve ipekböceği kültür laboratuvarında yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla hematoksilen&eozin boyama ile orta bağırsağın histolojik yapısı incelenmiş ve protein, şeker, glikojen ve lipid içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Otofaji belirteçleri olarak lizozomal enzim aktiviteleri ölçülmüş ve otofaji ile ilgili genlerin (mTOR, ATG8 ve ATG12) ifadeleri qRT-PCR ile analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, açlık stresinin başlama zamanına bağlı olarak, otofajinin, açlık koşulları altında adaptif bir yanıt olarak hiçbir rolü olmadığını veya larva-pupa metamorfozu sırasında hücre ölümünün bir parçası olarak meydana gelen otofajiden çok daha ılımlı bir seviyede meydana geldiğini göstermiştir.

Keywords

Pul kanatlılar Sindirim kanalı Programlı hücre ölümü ATG genleri

Project Number

FYL-2019-20470

References

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  • Franzetti, E., Romanelli, D., Caccia, S., Cappellozza, S., Congiu, T., Rajagopalan, M., ... & Tettamanti, G. (2015). The midgut of the silkmoth Bombyx mori is able to recycle molecules derived from degeneration of the larval midgut epithelium. Cell and tissue research, 361(2), 509-528. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-014-2081-8
  • Franzetti, E., Casartelli, M., D'Antona, P., Montali, A., Romanelli, D., Cappellozza, S., ... & Tettamanti, G. (2016). Midgut epithelium in molting silkworm: a fine balance among cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Arthropod Structure & Development, 45(4), 368-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2016.06.002
  • Fu, X. (2014). Chaperone function and mechanism of small heat-shock proteins. Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica, 46(5), 347-356. https://doi.org/10.1093/abbs/gmt152
  • Goncu, E., & Parlak, O. (2008). Some autophagic and apoptotic features of programmed cell death in the anterior silk glands of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Autophagy, 4(8), 1069-1072. https://doi.org/10.4161/auto.6953
  • Goncu, E., Uranlı, R., Selek, G., & Parlak, O. (2016). Developmental expression of ecdysone-related genes associated with metamorphic changes during midgut remodeling of silkworm Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). Journal of Insect Science, 16(1), 86. https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/iew061
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  • Kakei, M., Iwami, M., & Sakurai, S. (2005). Death commitment in the anterior silk gland of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Journal of insect physiology, 51(1), 17-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2004.10.012
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  • Kaufmann, C., & Brown, M.R. (2008). Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and flight performance by a hypertrehalosaemic hormone in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Journal of insect physiology, 54(2), 367-377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.10.007
  • Kaufmann, C., & Brown, M. (2014). Determination of lipid, glycogen and sugars in mosquitoes. MR4 methods in Anopheles research, 4th ed. BEI Resources, Manassas, VA.
  • Kaushik, S., & Cuervo, A.M. (2012). Chaperone-mediated autophagy: a unique way to enter the lysosome world. Trends in cell biology, 22(8), 407-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2012.05.006
  • Keshan, B., Thounaojam, B., & Kh, S.D. (2015). A comprehensive study of the changes in ecdysteroid levels during the feeding phase of fifth instar larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). European Journal of Entomology, 112(4), 632. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2015.088
  • Klionsky, D.J., & Codogno, P. (2013). The mechanism and physiological function of macroautophagy. Journal of innate immunity, 5(5), 427-433. https://doi.org/10.1159/000351979
  • Klowden, M.J., (2007), Physiological Systems in Insects, 298-395 pp.
  • Kuma, A., Hatano, M., Matsui, M., Yamamoto, A., Nakaya, H., Yoshimori, T., ... & Mizushima, N. (2004). The role of autophagy during the early neonatal starvation period. Nature, 432(7020), 1032-1036. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03029
  • Li, W.W., Li, J., & Bao, J.K. (2012). Microautophagy: lesser-known self-eating. Cellular and molecular life sciences, 69(7), 1125-1136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-011-0865-5
  • Liu, Y., Liu, H., Liu, S., Wang, S., Jiang, R. J., & Li, S. (2009). Hormonal and nutritional regulation of insect fat body development and function. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology: Published in Collaboration with the Entomological Society of America, 71(1), 16-30. https://doi.org/10.1002/arch.20290
  • Lum, J.J., Bauer, D.E., Kong, M., Harris, M.H., Li, C., Lindsten, T., & Thompson, C.B. (2005). Growth factor regulation of autophagy and cell survival in the absence of apoptosis. Cell, 120(2), 237-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2004.11.046
  • Malagoli, D., Abdalla, F.C., Cao, Y., Feng, Q., Fujisaki, K., Gregorc, A., ... & Umemiya-Shirafuji, R. (2010). Autophagy and its physiological relevance in arthropods: current knowledge and perspectives. Autophagy, 6(5), 575-588. https://doi.org/10.4161/auto.6.5.11962
  • Meléndez, A., Tallóczy, Z., Seaman, M., Eskelinen, E.L., Hall, D.H., & Levine, B. (2003). Autophagy genes are essential for dauer development and life-span extension in C. elegans. Science, 301(5638), 1387-1391. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1087782
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  • Rabinowitz, J.D., & White, E. (2010). Autophagy and metabolism. Science, 330(6009), 1344-1348. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1193497
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Tuğçe Ergin Ordu 0000-0001-7578-3917

Ebru Göncü 0000-0002-0191-4141

Project Number FYL-2019-20470
Early Pub Date June 29, 2023
Publication Date June 30, 2023
Submission Date December 27, 2022
Acceptance Date March 2, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ergin Ordu, T., & Göncü, E. (2023). Investigation of the Effects of Starvation Stress in the Midgut of the Silkworm Bombyx mori. Commagene Journal of Biology, 7(1), 12-23. https://doi.org/10.31594/commagene.1225101
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