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Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı ve Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı Ülkeleri

Year 2022, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 549 - 576, 28.12.2022

Bahar Özsoy

https://doi.org/10.32449/egetdid.1169441
Cited By: 2

Abstract

Sovyetlerin dağılması ile bağımsızlığını kazanan ülkelerden kimileri Rusya ile yakın ilişkilerini sürdürmeye devam ederken kimileri de Batılı kurum ve kuruluşlara üye olmak suretiyle Moskova nüfuz alanından çıkmışlardır. 90’lı yıllarda Rus nüfuz alanından uzaklaşmak nispeten daha kolay olsa da Moskova’nın ekonomik olarak güçlenmesi ve tek kutuplu sistemi sorgulamaya başlaması eski Sovyet ülkelerinin benzer adımlar atmasını engellemektedir. Nitekim AB ve NATO ile iş birliğini geliştirmek isteyen Gürcistan ile 2008 yılında yaşanan savaş ve benzer sebeplerle 2014 yılında Kırım’ın ilhakı Rus dış politikasının kırmızı çizgilerini göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte bağımsız bir ülke olarak Ukrayna’nın NATO’ya üye olma isteğinden vazgeçmemesi ve bu yönde adımlar atması ile 24 Şubat 2022 tarihinde Rus ordusu Ukrayna’ya girmiştir. Rusya’nın Ukrayna müdahalesinin küresel alanda önemli siyasi, askeri ve ekonomik sonuçları olmuştur. Devam eden savaştan en çok etkilenen ülkelerin başında ise Rusya ile yakın bağları bulunanlar gelmektedir. Bu çalışma Rus yayılmacılığına Türk Devletleri Teşkilatına üye ülkeler gözünden bakmakta ve bu ülkelerin Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı’ndaki tutumlarına ve savaşın bu ülkeler üzerindeki etkilerine odaklanmaktadır.

Keywords

Rusya Ukrayna Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı NATO güvenlik.

References

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  • Astrov, V., Ghodsi, M., Grieveson, R., Holzner, M., Landesmann, M., Kochnev, A., Pindyuk, O., Stehrer, R. &Tverdostup M. (2022). Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine: Assessment of the Humanitarian, Economic and Financial Impact in the Short and Medium Term. Policy Notes and Reports 59, https://link.springer.com-/article/10.1007/s10368-022-00546-5.
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  • BBC Türkçe (2022b, 22 Temmuz). Tahıl koridoru anlaşması: Beyaz Saray ve AB, İstanbul'daki anlaşmayı 'memnuniyetle' karşıladı. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-62261317.
  • BBC Türkçe (2022, 23 Temmuz). Tahılın Ukrayna’dan çıkarılması dünya için neden önemli?. https://www.bbc.com-/turkce/articles/cndy1jr6n8po.
  • BBC Türkçe (2022a, 11 Temmuz). Almanya, Rusya'dan doğalgaz tedariğinin tamamen durabileceği konusunda uyardı. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-62121317.
  • CABAR (2022, 4 April). The War in Ukraine: What Impact on Central Asia?. https://cabar.asia/en/war-in-ukraine-what-impact-on-central-asia.
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  • Chronas, V. & Hanelt, C. (2022). Europe’s Struggles for Influence in Africa in Light of the Kremlin’s invasion. https://globaleurope.eu/globalization/europes-struggles-for-influence-in-africa-in-light-of-the-kremlins-invasion/.
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  • Dejevsky, M. (2019, 4 Mayıs). Avrupa Birliği’nin doğudaki genişlemesi, Brexit'i nasıl yarattı ve Rusya'yı nasıl düşman haline getirdi?. https://www.indyturk.com.
  • Engvall, J. (2022). Russia's War in Ukraine: Implications for Central Asia. https://www.cacianalyst.org/publications/analytical-articles/item/13712-russias-war-in-ukraine implications-for-central-asia.html.
  • EPDK (2022). Yıllık Sektör Raporu. https://www.epdk.gov.tr/Detay/Icerik/3-0-94/yillik-sektor-raporu.
  • Eschment, B. (2022). Responses From Central Asian States to the Russian Invasion of Ukraine. https://www.e-ir.info/2022/03/31/responses-from-central-asian-states-to-the-russian-invasion-of-ukraine/.
  • European Commission (2022). “REPowerEU: Joint European Action for More Affordable, Secure and Sustainable Energy. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/-IP_22_1511.
  • European Council (2022). European Council conclusions on Ukraine. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/.
  • Evstratov, A. (2022). Implications in the Eurasian space of the Russian military operation in Ukraine. https://wgi.world/implications-in-the-eurasian-space-of-the-russian-military-operation-in-ukraine/
  • Güler, M.Ç. & Teke, M. A. (2021). Resmî Belgeler Işığında Rusya’nın Dış Politika Eğilimi, SETA.
  • Hamzaoğlu, H. (2020). Rus Dış Politikasında Realist Yaklaşım: Primakov Doktrini ve Yakın Çevre Kavramı. Avrasya Uluslararası araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(24), 281-299.
  • Hausmann, R., A. Łoskot-Strachota, A. Ockenfels, U. Schetter, S. Tagliapietra, G.B. Wolff & G. Zachmann (2022). Cutting Putin’s energy rent: ‘smart sanctioning’ Russian oil and gas'. Working Paper 05/2022, Bruegel.
  • Horton, J. Daniele Palumbo & Bowler, T. (2022, 4 Mayıs). Dünya Rus petrolüne ne kadar bağımlı?. BBC Türkçe. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-60674748. Johnson's Russia List (2007). 2007 Putin Speech and the Following Discussion at the Munich Conference on Security Policy. 10 March 2007, https://russialist.org/transcript-putin-speech-and-the-following-discussion-at-the-munich-conference-on-security-policy/.
  • Mammadov, H. (2014). Rus Dış Politikasında Stratejik- Zihinsel Süreklilik ve Putin’in Dış Politika Doktrini. Ankara: Hoca Ahmet Yesevi Uluslararası Türk-Kazak Üniversitesi.
  • Marat, E. & Engvall, J. (2022). Former Soviet States Are Distancing Themselves From Their Old Imperial Master. https://www.silkroadstudies.org/publications/joint-center-publications/item/13447-former-soviet-states-are-distancing-themselves-from-their-old-imperial-master.html.
  • Najibullah, F. (2022, 1 March). Central Asia Takes Economic Hit From Russian War In Ukraine Sooner Than Expected. Radio Free Europe, https://www.rferl.org/a/central-asia-migrants-ruble-impact/31730968.html.
  • Oğuz, E. (2022, 3 Mart). Ukrayna krizinde Orta Asya iki ateş arasında. https://www.indyturk.com.
  • President of Russia (2014, 18 March). Address by President of the Russian Federation. http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/-news/20603. Putin, V. V. (2021, 12 июля). Об историческом единстве русских и украинцев. http://-kremlin.ru-/events/president/news/66181. Remi, D. & Lindenstrauss, G (2022). Walking a Fine Line: Turkey’s Mediation between Russia and Ukraine, and Relations with the West, INSS Insight. No. 1586, https://www.inss.org.il/publication/turkey-russia-ukraine/.
  • Ruta, M. (2022). The Impact of the War ın Ukraine on Global Trade and Incvestment. Washington: World Bank Group.
  • Shevel, O. (2015). Rusia and Near Abroad, Great Decisions. https://www.researchgate.net/publication-/274385776_Russia_and_the_Near_Abroad .
  • Sipahi, E.B. & Özsoy, B. (2018). Türk Dünyasında Diaspora Faaliyetleri Bağlamında Türk Keneşi ve Türksoy Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”. Uluslararası Avrasya Göç Sempozyumu Tam Metin Bildiri Kitabı. Türkistan/Kazakistan, 397-419.
  • Stent, A. (2022, 27 January). The Putin Doktrine. Foreign Affairs. https://www.foreignaffairs.com.
  • Tanchum, M. (2022). New Turkey-Uzbekistan Strategic Partnership Accelerates Turkey’s Rise as a Eurasian Agenda-Setter. http://www.turkeyanalyst.org/publications/turkey-analyst-articles/item/688-new-turkey-uzbekistan-strategic-partnership-accelerates-turkey%E2%80%99s-rise-as-a-eurasian-agenda-setter.html.
  • Tellal, E. (2010). Zümrüdüanka: Rusya Federasyonu’nun Dış Politikası. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 65(03), 189-236.
  • The Concept of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation (2013, 12 February). https://thailand.mid.ru/en/concept-of-the-foreign-policy-of-russia.
  • The Foreıgn Polıcy Concept of the Russıan Federatıon (2000, 28 June). https://nuke.fas.org/guide/russia-/doctrine/econcept.htm.
  • The Foreıgn Polıcy Concept of the Russıan Federatıon (2008, 12 January). http://en.kremlin.ru/supplement/4116. The Foreıgn Polıcy Concept of the Russıan Federatıon (2016, 30 November). https://www.rusemb.org.uk-/rp_insight/. The Moscow Times (2022, 25 May). Moscow Simplifies Citizenship for Ukrainians in Captured Territories. https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/05/25/russia-simplifies-citizenship-for-ukrainians-in-captured-territories-a77801.
  • The World Bank (2022a). The World Bank in Kazakhstan. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country-/kazakhstan/overview. The World Bank (2022b). The World Bank in Kyrgyzıstan. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country-/kyrgyzrepublic.
  • The World Bank (2022c). The World Bank in Uzbekistan. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country-/uzbekistan/overview#economy.
  • Trotsenko, P. (2021). Controversial 'Russian Gift' Comments Spark Mixed Feelings In Northern Kazakhstan. 5 January 2021, https://www.rferl.org/a/kazakh-russian-gift-comments/31035059.html.
  • Tsygankov, A. (2015). Vladimir Putin's last stand: the sources of Russia's Ukraine policy, Post Soviet Affairs. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1060586X.2015.1005903.
  • TÜİK (2022). Ülkelere Göre Dış Ticaret. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/
  • UNCHR (2022). About the Crisis in Ukraine. https://www.unrefugees.org/.
  • Wanı, A. (2022). The Ukraine war weighs down on the Central Asian Republics. May 13.2022, https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/the-ukraine-war-weighs-down-on-the-central-asian-republics/.
  • Wasilewski, P. (2022). The Evolvıng Polıtıcal-Mılıtary Aıms ın the WAR ın Ukraıne after 100 days. Foreign Policy Research Institute.
  • Watling, J. (2022, 4 March). Russia’s callousness towards its own soldiers is undermining its combat power. The Guardian, Russihttps://www.theguardian.com/.
  • ГЁТЦ, Э. (2016). «Это геополитика, дурачок!» Анализ политики России в отношении Украины. Контуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, право, 4(9).

Russia-Ukraine War and The Organization of Turkic States Countries

Year 2022, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 549 - 576, 28.12.2022

Bahar Özsoy

https://doi.org/10.32449/egetdid.1169441
Cited By: 2

Abstract

While some of the countries that gained their independence with the dissolution of the Soviet Union continued to maintain close relations with Russia, others left Moscow's sphere of influence by becoming members of Western institutions and organizations. Although it was relatively easy to move away from the Russian sphere of influence in the 90s, Moscow's economic empowerment and its beginning to question the unipolar system prevent the former Soviet countries from taking similar steps. As a matter of fact, the war with Georgia in 2008, which wants to develop cooperation with the EU and NATO, and the annexation of Crimea in 2014 due to similar reasons show the red lines of Russian foreign policy. However, as an independent country, Ukraine did not give up its desire for NATO membership and took steps in this direction, and the Russian army entered Ukraine on February 24, 2022. Russia's invasion in Ukraine has had important political, military and economic consequences in the global arena. Among the countries most affected by the ongoing war are those with close ties to Russia. This study looks at Russian expansionism from the perspective of the member states of the Organization of Turkish States and focuses on the attitudes of these countries in the Russia-Ukraine War and the effects of the war on these countries.

Keywords

Rusia Ukrania The Organization of Turkish States NATO security.

References

  • Akman, H. (2014). Kırım-Sivastopol Üssü ve Karadeniz Rus Filosunun Paylaşım Sorunu. Turkish Studies, 9(1), 2014, 1-20.
  • Astrov, V., Ghodsi, M., Grieveson, R., Holzner, M., Landesmann, M., Kochnev, A., Pindyuk, O., Stehrer, R. &Tverdostup M. (2022). Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine: Assessment of the Humanitarian, Economic and Financial Impact in the Short and Medium Term. Policy Notes and Reports 59, https://link.springer.com-/article/10.1007/s10368-022-00546-5.
  • Baffes, J. & Nagle P. (2022). Commodity prices surge due to the war in Ukraine. https://blogs.worldbank.org/developmenttalk/commodity-prices-surge-due-war-ukraine.
  • BBC Türkçe (2022, 22 Temmuz). Ukrayna: Rusya, Avrupa'ya karşı gaz savaşı yürütüyor. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/c72xx0n0v0po.
  • BBC Türkçe (2022b, 22 Temmuz). Tahıl koridoru anlaşması: Beyaz Saray ve AB, İstanbul'daki anlaşmayı 'memnuniyetle' karşıladı. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-62261317.
  • BBC Türkçe (2022, 23 Temmuz). Tahılın Ukrayna’dan çıkarılması dünya için neden önemli?. https://www.bbc.com-/turkce/articles/cndy1jr6n8po.
  • BBC Türkçe (2022a, 11 Temmuz). Almanya, Rusya'dan doğalgaz tedariğinin tamamen durabileceği konusunda uyardı. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-62121317.
  • CABAR (2022, 4 April). The War in Ukraine: What Impact on Central Asia?. https://cabar.asia/en/war-in-ukraine-what-impact-on-central-asia.
  • Canpolat, H. (2022). Rusya Kızgın Değil; Odaklanıyor, Ukrayna Krizini Putin Doktrini Üzerinden Anlamak. TASAM, 12 Şubat 2022, https://tasam.org/tr-TR/Icerik/69041.
  • Chronas, V. & Hanelt, C. (2022). Europe’s Struggles for Influence in Africa in Light of the Kremlin’s invasion. https://globaleurope.eu/globalization/europes-struggles-for-influence-in-africa-in-light-of-the-kremlins-invasion/.
  • Clapp, S. (2022). Russia's war on Ukraine: Reflections on European security, neutrality and strategic orientation. Eurepean Parliament, Briefing, May 2022.
  • Daminov, I. (2021). Kazakhstan’s Ethnic Policy 1991-2021: What Needs to Change?, Central Asian Bureau for Analytical Reporting. https://cabar.asia/en/kazakhstan-s-ethnic-policy-1991-2021-what-needs-to-change.
  • Dejevsky, M. (2019, 4 Mayıs). Avrupa Birliği’nin doğudaki genişlemesi, Brexit'i nasıl yarattı ve Rusya'yı nasıl düşman haline getirdi?. https://www.indyturk.com.
  • Engvall, J. (2022). Russia's War in Ukraine: Implications for Central Asia. https://www.cacianalyst.org/publications/analytical-articles/item/13712-russias-war-in-ukraine implications-for-central-asia.html.
  • EPDK (2022). Yıllık Sektör Raporu. https://www.epdk.gov.tr/Detay/Icerik/3-0-94/yillik-sektor-raporu.
  • Eschment, B. (2022). Responses From Central Asian States to the Russian Invasion of Ukraine. https://www.e-ir.info/2022/03/31/responses-from-central-asian-states-to-the-russian-invasion-of-ukraine/.
  • European Commission (2022). “REPowerEU: Joint European Action for More Affordable, Secure and Sustainable Energy. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/-IP_22_1511.
  • European Council (2022). European Council conclusions on Ukraine. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/.
  • Evstratov, A. (2022). Implications in the Eurasian space of the Russian military operation in Ukraine. https://wgi.world/implications-in-the-eurasian-space-of-the-russian-military-operation-in-ukraine/
  • Güler, M.Ç. & Teke, M. A. (2021). Resmî Belgeler Işığında Rusya’nın Dış Politika Eğilimi, SETA.
  • Hamzaoğlu, H. (2020). Rus Dış Politikasında Realist Yaklaşım: Primakov Doktrini ve Yakın Çevre Kavramı. Avrasya Uluslararası araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(24), 281-299.
  • Hausmann, R., A. Łoskot-Strachota, A. Ockenfels, U. Schetter, S. Tagliapietra, G.B. Wolff & G. Zachmann (2022). Cutting Putin’s energy rent: ‘smart sanctioning’ Russian oil and gas'. Working Paper 05/2022, Bruegel.
  • Horton, J. Daniele Palumbo & Bowler, T. (2022, 4 Mayıs). Dünya Rus petrolüne ne kadar bağımlı?. BBC Türkçe. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-60674748. Johnson's Russia List (2007). 2007 Putin Speech and the Following Discussion at the Munich Conference on Security Policy. 10 March 2007, https://russialist.org/transcript-putin-speech-and-the-following-discussion-at-the-munich-conference-on-security-policy/.
  • Mammadov, H. (2014). Rus Dış Politikasında Stratejik- Zihinsel Süreklilik ve Putin’in Dış Politika Doktrini. Ankara: Hoca Ahmet Yesevi Uluslararası Türk-Kazak Üniversitesi.
  • Marat, E. & Engvall, J. (2022). Former Soviet States Are Distancing Themselves From Their Old Imperial Master. https://www.silkroadstudies.org/publications/joint-center-publications/item/13447-former-soviet-states-are-distancing-themselves-from-their-old-imperial-master.html.
  • Najibullah, F. (2022, 1 March). Central Asia Takes Economic Hit From Russian War In Ukraine Sooner Than Expected. Radio Free Europe, https://www.rferl.org/a/central-asia-migrants-ruble-impact/31730968.html.
  • Oğuz, E. (2022, 3 Mart). Ukrayna krizinde Orta Asya iki ateş arasında. https://www.indyturk.com.
  • President of Russia (2014, 18 March). Address by President of the Russian Federation. http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/-news/20603. Putin, V. V. (2021, 12 июля). Об историческом единстве русских и украинцев. http://-kremlin.ru-/events/president/news/66181. Remi, D. & Lindenstrauss, G (2022). Walking a Fine Line: Turkey’s Mediation between Russia and Ukraine, and Relations with the West, INSS Insight. No. 1586, https://www.inss.org.il/publication/turkey-russia-ukraine/.
  • Ruta, M. (2022). The Impact of the War ın Ukraine on Global Trade and Incvestment. Washington: World Bank Group.
  • Shevel, O. (2015). Rusia and Near Abroad, Great Decisions. https://www.researchgate.net/publication-/274385776_Russia_and_the_Near_Abroad .
  • Sipahi, E.B. & Özsoy, B. (2018). Türk Dünyasında Diaspora Faaliyetleri Bağlamında Türk Keneşi ve Türksoy Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”. Uluslararası Avrasya Göç Sempozyumu Tam Metin Bildiri Kitabı. Türkistan/Kazakistan, 397-419.
  • Stent, A. (2022, 27 January). The Putin Doktrine. Foreign Affairs. https://www.foreignaffairs.com.
  • Tanchum, M. (2022). New Turkey-Uzbekistan Strategic Partnership Accelerates Turkey’s Rise as a Eurasian Agenda-Setter. http://www.turkeyanalyst.org/publications/turkey-analyst-articles/item/688-new-turkey-uzbekistan-strategic-partnership-accelerates-turkey%E2%80%99s-rise-as-a-eurasian-agenda-setter.html.
  • Tellal, E. (2010). Zümrüdüanka: Rusya Federasyonu’nun Dış Politikası. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 65(03), 189-236.
  • The Concept of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation (2013, 12 February). https://thailand.mid.ru/en/concept-of-the-foreign-policy-of-russia.
  • The Foreıgn Polıcy Concept of the Russıan Federatıon (2000, 28 June). https://nuke.fas.org/guide/russia-/doctrine/econcept.htm.
  • The Foreıgn Polıcy Concept of the Russıan Federatıon (2008, 12 January). http://en.kremlin.ru/supplement/4116. The Foreıgn Polıcy Concept of the Russıan Federatıon (2016, 30 November). https://www.rusemb.org.uk-/rp_insight/. The Moscow Times (2022, 25 May). Moscow Simplifies Citizenship for Ukrainians in Captured Territories. https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/05/25/russia-simplifies-citizenship-for-ukrainians-in-captured-territories-a77801.
  • The World Bank (2022a). The World Bank in Kazakhstan. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country-/kazakhstan/overview. The World Bank (2022b). The World Bank in Kyrgyzıstan. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country-/kyrgyzrepublic.
  • The World Bank (2022c). The World Bank in Uzbekistan. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country-/uzbekistan/overview#economy.
  • Trotsenko, P. (2021). Controversial 'Russian Gift' Comments Spark Mixed Feelings In Northern Kazakhstan. 5 January 2021, https://www.rferl.org/a/kazakh-russian-gift-comments/31035059.html.
  • Tsygankov, A. (2015). Vladimir Putin's last stand: the sources of Russia's Ukraine policy, Post Soviet Affairs. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1060586X.2015.1005903.
  • TÜİK (2022). Ülkelere Göre Dış Ticaret. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/
  • UNCHR (2022). About the Crisis in Ukraine. https://www.unrefugees.org/.
  • Wanı, A. (2022). The Ukraine war weighs down on the Central Asian Republics. May 13.2022, https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/the-ukraine-war-weighs-down-on-the-central-asian-republics/.
  • Wasilewski, P. (2022). The Evolvıng Polıtıcal-Mılıtary Aıms ın the WAR ın Ukraıne after 100 days. Foreign Policy Research Institute.
  • Watling, J. (2022, 4 March). Russia’s callousness towards its own soldiers is undermining its combat power. The Guardian, Russihttps://www.theguardian.com/.
  • ГЁТЦ, Э. (2016). «Это геополитика, дурачок!» Анализ политики России в отношении Украины. Контуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, право, 4(9).
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Bahar Özsoy 0000-0002-6667-6789

Publication Date December 28, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 22 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özsoy, B. (2022). Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı ve Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı Ülkeleri. Türk Dünyası İncelemeleri Dergisi, 22(2), 549-576. https://doi.org/10.32449/egetdid.1169441

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