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ABD Konteyner Limanlarının Toplam Faktör Verimliliklerinin Karşılaştırılması

Year 2021, Issue: 27, 823 - 831, 30.11.2021

Erdinc Koc Beste Desticioğlu Ahmed İhsan Şimşek

https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.992850
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Küreselleşen dünyada, artan nüfus ile beraber tüketimin artması, uluslararası ticaret üzerinde de artışa sebep olmaktadır. Uluslararası ticaretin etkisiyle beraber denizyolu taşımacılığının da önemi giderek artmaktadır. Denizyolu taşımacılığının en önemli bölümünü ise konteyner taşımacılığı oluşturmaktadır. Konteyner taşımacılığının daha etkin bir şekilde yapılmasını sağlayabilmek için limanların verimliliğini arttırmak gerekmektedir. Liman yönetimlerinde farklı ülkelerde farklı stratejiler uygulanmasına karşın, hepsinin ortak amacı limanlardaki etkinliğin ve verimliliğin arttırılmasıdır. Bu çalışmada Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde yer alan konteyner limanlarının etkinlik durumları incelenmiştir. Çalışmada limanların verimliliğini belirleyebilmek için gerekli olan girdi ve çıktı değişkenleri belirlenmiş, devamında ise Hicks-Moorsteen ve Malmquist yöntemleri kullanılarak limanların verimlilikleri hesaplanmış ve etkinliği en yüksek olan limanlar belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca limanlardaki yıllara göre verimlilik değişimleri tespit edilmiştir. Hesaplamalar sonucunda elde edilen sonuçlar dikkate alınarak iki endeks karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde ise her iki yöntem sonucunda elde edilen verimlilik analizlerinde ciddi benzerlikler olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Verimliliği düşük olan limanların ise etkinliğini arttırmak için yapılması gerekenler hakkında önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Keywords

Konteyner Taşımacılığı Konteyner Limanları Verimlilik Analizi Malmquist Hicks-Moorsteen

References

  • Acer, A. ve Timor, M. (2017), Kümeleme ve Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) İle Konteyner Terminal Etkinliklerinin Belirlenmesi, Alphanumeric Journal, 5 (2), 339-352.
  • Akgül, E. F., Fışkın, C. S., Düzalan, B., Erdoğan, T. ve Çetin, Ç. K. (2015), Liman Rekabetçiliği ve Etkinlik: Türkiye’deki Konteyner Limanları Üzerine Bir Analiz, 2. Ulusal Liman Kongresi, İzmir.
  • Akyürek, E. (2017). Türkiye Karadeniz Limanları Verimlilik Analizi. Verimlilik Dergisi , (4) , 29-45 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/verimlilik/issue/31514/345305
  • Altın, F. G., Şahin, Y., Karaatlı, M., & Yıldız, Ö. (2017). Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri Ve Türkiye’deki Limanların Etkinliklerinin Veri Zarflama Analizi İle Değerlendirilmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(1), 21-30.
  • Aparicio, J., Lopez-Torres, L., & Santin, D. (2018). Economic crisis and public education. A productivity analysis using a Hicks-Moorsteen index. Economic Modelling, 71, 34-44.
  • Asante, B. O., ve Villano, R. A. (2019). Components of Farm-Level Productivity in Integrated Crop-Livestock Farming Systems in Ghana: The Role of Mix Efficiency. International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics. 7(1), 63-76.
  • Ateş, A., & Esmer, S. (2011). Veri Zarflama Analizi ile Türkiye’deki Konteyner Terminallerinin Etkinlik Ölçümü, 12. Uluslararası Ekonometri, Yöneylem Araştırması ve İstatistik Sempozyumu, 26-29.
  • Ateş, A.., Esmer, S., Çakır, E., & Balcı, K. (2013). Karadeniz konteyner terminallerinin göreceli etkinlik analizi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1), 1-22.
  • Ateş, A. ve Esmer, S. (2014), Farklı Yöntemler ile Türk Konteyner Limanlarının Verimliliği, Verimlilik Dergisi, 1, 61-76.
  • Baran, J. ve Gorecka, A. (2015). “Seaport Efficiency and Productivity Based on Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Productivity Index”, Logistics&Sustainable Transport, 6(1), 25-33.
  • Barros, C. P., Chen, Z., & Wanke, P. (2016). Efficiency in Chinese seaports: 2002–2012. Maritime Economics & Logistics, 18(3), 295-316.
  • Becerra-Peña, D. & Santin, D. (2021) Measuring public primary education productivity across Mexican states using a Hicks-Moorsteen index, Applied Economics, 53:8, 924-939, DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2020.1819951
  • Bichou, K. (2013), An Empirical Study of The Impacts of Operating and Market Conditions on Container-Port Efficiency and Benchmarking, Research in Transportation Economics, 42 (1), 28-37.
  • Bjurek, H. (1996). The Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 98(2), 303-313. Button, K. ve Kramberger, T. (2015). “European Union Expansion and Seaport Efficiency in The Adriatic”, Applied Economics Letters, 22(9):700-703.
  • Caves, D. W., Christensen, L. R. and Diewert, W. E. (1982). The economic theory of index numbers and the measurement of input, output, and productivity. Econometrica, 50 (6), 393-414.
  • Cheon, S., Dowall, D. E., & Song, D. (2010). Evaluating impacts of institutional reforms on port efficiency changes: Ownership, corporate structure, and total factor productivity changesof world container ports, Transportation Research Part E, 46, 546-561.
  • Coelli, T.J. and Rao, D.S.P. (2005). Total factor productivity growth in agriculture: a Malmquist index analysis of 93 countries, 1980–2000, Agricultural Economics 32(s1), 115–134
  • Çağlar, A. G. V. ve Oral, E. Z. (2011), Liman Verimlilik ve Etkinlik Ölçme Yöntemlerinin Analizi, 7. Kıyı Mühendisliği Sempozyumu, Trabzon, 665-676.
  • Çalışkan, M. (2015). Limanlarımızın genel değerlendirilmesi. Deniz Ticareti Dergisi Liman Eki, 277(6), 20-21. Çetin, Ç. K., & Arabelen, G. (2012). Türkiye’de Limancılık Eğitimi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(1), 75-81.
  • Dakpo, K. H., Desjeux, Y., Jeanneaux, P. ve Latruffe, L. (2019). Productivity, Technical Efficiency and Technological Change in French Agriculture During 2002-2015: a Färe-Primont Index Decomposition Using Group Frontiers and Meta-Frontier, Applied Economics, 51(11), 1166-1182.
  • Esmer, S., & Ateş, A. (2013). VZA Malmquist Toplam Faktör Verimlilik Endeksi: 2009 Küresel Finans Krizinin Türk Konteyner Terminallerine Etkisi.
  • Estache, A., de la Fe, B. T., & Trujillo, L. (2004). Sources of gains in port reform: a VZA decomposition of a Malmquist TFP index for Mexico, Utilities Policy, 12(4), 221-230.
  • Ferreira, D. C. & Marques, R. C. (2016). Malmquist and Hicks-Moorsteen Productivity Indexes for Clusters Performance Evaluation. International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, 15(5), 1015-1053.
  • Görçün, Ö. F. (2019). Entegre Entropi ve EATWOS yöntemleri kullanılarak karadeniz konteyner limanlarının verimlilik analizi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 14(3), 811-830.
  • Güner, S., Coşkun, E., & Taşkın, K. (2014). Liman özelleştirmelerinin operasyonel etkinlik üzerindeki etkisi: Türk limanları üzerinde dönemsel bir çalışma. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 43(2), 218-236.
  • Ha, M. H., & Yang, Z. (2017). Comparative analysis of port performance indicators: Independency and interdependency. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 103, 264-278.
  • Kaiser, E., Pathomsiri, S., & Haghani, A. (2006). Developing measures of us ports productivity and performance: using VZA and fdh approaches (No. 1427-2016-118553).
  • Kerstens, K., Hachem, B. A. M., & Wostyne, I. V. (2010). Malmquist and Hicks-Moorsteen Productivity Indices: An Empirical Comparison Focusing on Infeasibilities, HUB Research Paper Economics & Managemet, Brussels.
  • Lorcu, F. (2010). Malmquist Toplam Faktör Verimlilik Endeksi: Türk Otomotiv Sanayi Uygulaması, İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 39(2), 276-289.
  • Malmquist, S. (1953). Index numbers and indifference surfaces. Trabajos de Estadistica, 29-42.
  • Medal-Bartual, A., Molinos-Senante, M., & Sala-Garrido, R. (2016). Assessment of the Total Factor Productivity Change in the Spanish Ports: Hicks-Moorsteen Productivity Index Approach. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 142(1), 1-9.
  • Nguyen, H.O., Nguyen, H.V., Chang, Y.T., Chin, A.T. & Tongzon, J.(2016). Measuring port efficiency using bootstrapped VZA: the case of Vietnamese ports. Maritime Policy & Management, 43(5), 644-659.
  • Niavis S., Tsekerıs T., (2012), Ranking and causes of inefficiency of container seaports in South-Eastern Europe, Eur. Trnsp. Res. Rev., 4:235-244. doi: 10.1007/s12544-012-0080-y
  • Nunez-Sanchez, R., & Coto-Millan, P. (2012). The impact of public reforms on the productivity of Spanish ports: A parametric distance function approach, Transport Policy, 24, 99-108.
  • O’Donnell, C. J. (2008). Measuring and decomposing agricultural productivity and profitability change. The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 54, 527-560.
  • O’Donnell, C. J. (2011). DPIN 3.0 a program for decomposing productivity index numbers. Centre for efficiency and productivity analysis. University of Queensland, Brisbane
  • Rajasekar, T. & Deo, M. (2014), Does Size Influence the Operational Efficiency of the Major Ports of India? -A Study, IUP Journal of Operations Management, 13 (1), 20-39.
  • Roll, Y. Ve Hayuth, Y. (1993), Port Performance Comparison Applying Data Envelopment Analysis (VZA), Maritime Policy and Management, 20 (2), 153-161.
  • Ropero, A. G., Dominguez, I. T., & Jiménez, M. D. M. C. (2019). Bootstrapped operating efficiency in container ports: a case study in Spain and Portugal. Industrial Management & Data Systems.
  • Sağlam, B. B., Açık, A. Ve Ertürk, E. (2018), Evaluation of Investment Impact on Port Efficiency: Berthing Time Difference as a Performance Indicator, Journal of ETA Maritime Science, 6 (1), 37-46.
  • Sarriera, J. M., Serebrisky, T., Araya, G., Briceño-Garmendia, C., & Schwartz, J. (2013). Benchmarking container port technical efficiency in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 1-28.
  • Schoyen, H. ve Odeck, J. (2013). “The Technical Efficiency of Norwegian Container Ports: A Comparison to Some Nordic and UK Container Ports Using Data Envelopment Analysis (VZA)”, Maritime Economics&Logistics, 15(2):197-221
  • Simoes, P. ve Marques, R.C. (2010). “Influence of Congestion Efficiency on The European Seaports Performance: Does It Matter?”, Transport Reviews, 30(4): 517-539.
  • Song, Y. & Liu, H. (2020). Internet development, economic level, and port total factor productivity: an empirical study of Yangtze River ports, International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 23(4), 375-389.
  • Turner, H., Windle, R., & Dresner, M. (2004). North American containerport productivity: 1984–1997. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 40(4), 339-356.
  • UNCTAD (2020), Review of Maritime Transport 2020, https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/rmt2020_en.pdf
  • Wang, C.N., Nguyen, N.A.T., Fu, H.P., Hsu, H.P.& Dang, T.T. (2021). Efficiency assessment of seaport terminal operators using VZA Malmquist and Epsilon-Based Measure Models. Axioms, 10(2), 48.
  • Wu, Y. C. J., Yuan, C. H., Goh, M., & Lu, Y. H. (2016). Regional port productivity in APEC. Sustainability, 8(7), 689.
  • Yuen, A.C., Zhang, A. ve Cheung, W. (2013). “Foreign Participation and Competition: A Way to Improve The Container Port Efficiency In China?”, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 49:220-231.
  • Yüksekyıldız, E. ve Tunçel, A. L. (2020), Determining the Relative Efficiency of Container Terminals in Turkey Using Fuzzy Data Envelopment Analysis, Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, 9 (2), 102-113.
  • Yüksekyıldız, E. (2021). Entropi Ve Eatwos Yöntemleri İle Türkiye Konteyner Limanlarının Verimlilik Analizi. Verimlilik Dergisi, (2), 3-24

Comparison of Total Factor Productivity of US Container Ports

Year 2021, Issue: 27, 823 - 831, 30.11.2021

Erdinc Koc Beste Desticioğlu Ahmed İhsan Şimşek

https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.992850
Cited By: 1

Abstract

In the globalizing world, the increase in consumption along with the increasing population causes an increase in international trade. With the effect of international trade, the importance of maritime transport is increasing. Container transport is the most important part of maritime transport. It is necessary to increase the productivity of the ports in order to ensure that container transportation is carried out more effectively. Although different strategies are implemented in different countries in port management, the common goal of all of them is to increase the efficiency and productivity in the ports. In this study, the efficiency status of container ports in the United States was examined. In the study, the input and output variables required to determine the efficiency of the ports were determined, and then the efficiency of the ports was calculated using the Hicks-Moorsteen and Malmquist methods and the ports with the highest efficiency were determined. In addition, productivity changes in the ports according to the years were determined. Taking into account the results obtained as a result of the calculations, the two indices were compared. When the results are examined, it has been observed that there are serious similarities in the efficiency analyzes obtained as a result of both methods. Suggestions were made about what should be done to increase the efficiency of ports with low productivity.

Keywords

Container Shipping Container Ports Productivity Analysis Malmquist Hicks-Moorsteen

References

  • Acer, A. ve Timor, M. (2017), Kümeleme ve Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) İle Konteyner Terminal Etkinliklerinin Belirlenmesi, Alphanumeric Journal, 5 (2), 339-352.
  • Akgül, E. F., Fışkın, C. S., Düzalan, B., Erdoğan, T. ve Çetin, Ç. K. (2015), Liman Rekabetçiliği ve Etkinlik: Türkiye’deki Konteyner Limanları Üzerine Bir Analiz, 2. Ulusal Liman Kongresi, İzmir.
  • Akyürek, E. (2017). Türkiye Karadeniz Limanları Verimlilik Analizi. Verimlilik Dergisi , (4) , 29-45 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/verimlilik/issue/31514/345305
  • Altın, F. G., Şahin, Y., Karaatlı, M., & Yıldız, Ö. (2017). Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri Ve Türkiye’deki Limanların Etkinliklerinin Veri Zarflama Analizi İle Değerlendirilmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(1), 21-30.
  • Aparicio, J., Lopez-Torres, L., & Santin, D. (2018). Economic crisis and public education. A productivity analysis using a Hicks-Moorsteen index. Economic Modelling, 71, 34-44.
  • Asante, B. O., ve Villano, R. A. (2019). Components of Farm-Level Productivity in Integrated Crop-Livestock Farming Systems in Ghana: The Role of Mix Efficiency. International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics. 7(1), 63-76.
  • Ateş, A., & Esmer, S. (2011). Veri Zarflama Analizi ile Türkiye’deki Konteyner Terminallerinin Etkinlik Ölçümü, 12. Uluslararası Ekonometri, Yöneylem Araştırması ve İstatistik Sempozyumu, 26-29.
  • Ateş, A.., Esmer, S., Çakır, E., & Balcı, K. (2013). Karadeniz konteyner terminallerinin göreceli etkinlik analizi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1), 1-22.
  • Ateş, A. ve Esmer, S. (2014), Farklı Yöntemler ile Türk Konteyner Limanlarının Verimliliği, Verimlilik Dergisi, 1, 61-76.
  • Baran, J. ve Gorecka, A. (2015). “Seaport Efficiency and Productivity Based on Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Productivity Index”, Logistics&Sustainable Transport, 6(1), 25-33.
  • Barros, C. P., Chen, Z., & Wanke, P. (2016). Efficiency in Chinese seaports: 2002–2012. Maritime Economics & Logistics, 18(3), 295-316.
  • Becerra-Peña, D. & Santin, D. (2021) Measuring public primary education productivity across Mexican states using a Hicks-Moorsteen index, Applied Economics, 53:8, 924-939, DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2020.1819951
  • Bichou, K. (2013), An Empirical Study of The Impacts of Operating and Market Conditions on Container-Port Efficiency and Benchmarking, Research in Transportation Economics, 42 (1), 28-37.
  • Bjurek, H. (1996). The Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 98(2), 303-313. Button, K. ve Kramberger, T. (2015). “European Union Expansion and Seaport Efficiency in The Adriatic”, Applied Economics Letters, 22(9):700-703.
  • Caves, D. W., Christensen, L. R. and Diewert, W. E. (1982). The economic theory of index numbers and the measurement of input, output, and productivity. Econometrica, 50 (6), 393-414.
  • Cheon, S., Dowall, D. E., & Song, D. (2010). Evaluating impacts of institutional reforms on port efficiency changes: Ownership, corporate structure, and total factor productivity changesof world container ports, Transportation Research Part E, 46, 546-561.
  • Coelli, T.J. and Rao, D.S.P. (2005). Total factor productivity growth in agriculture: a Malmquist index analysis of 93 countries, 1980–2000, Agricultural Economics 32(s1), 115–134
  • Çağlar, A. G. V. ve Oral, E. Z. (2011), Liman Verimlilik ve Etkinlik Ölçme Yöntemlerinin Analizi, 7. Kıyı Mühendisliği Sempozyumu, Trabzon, 665-676.
  • Çalışkan, M. (2015). Limanlarımızın genel değerlendirilmesi. Deniz Ticareti Dergisi Liman Eki, 277(6), 20-21. Çetin, Ç. K., & Arabelen, G. (2012). Türkiye’de Limancılık Eğitimi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(1), 75-81.
  • Dakpo, K. H., Desjeux, Y., Jeanneaux, P. ve Latruffe, L. (2019). Productivity, Technical Efficiency and Technological Change in French Agriculture During 2002-2015: a Färe-Primont Index Decomposition Using Group Frontiers and Meta-Frontier, Applied Economics, 51(11), 1166-1182.
  • Esmer, S., & Ateş, A. (2013). VZA Malmquist Toplam Faktör Verimlilik Endeksi: 2009 Küresel Finans Krizinin Türk Konteyner Terminallerine Etkisi.
  • Estache, A., de la Fe, B. T., & Trujillo, L. (2004). Sources of gains in port reform: a VZA decomposition of a Malmquist TFP index for Mexico, Utilities Policy, 12(4), 221-230.
  • Ferreira, D. C. & Marques, R. C. (2016). Malmquist and Hicks-Moorsteen Productivity Indexes for Clusters Performance Evaluation. International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, 15(5), 1015-1053.
  • Görçün, Ö. F. (2019). Entegre Entropi ve EATWOS yöntemleri kullanılarak karadeniz konteyner limanlarının verimlilik analizi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 14(3), 811-830.
  • Güner, S., Coşkun, E., & Taşkın, K. (2014). Liman özelleştirmelerinin operasyonel etkinlik üzerindeki etkisi: Türk limanları üzerinde dönemsel bir çalışma. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 43(2), 218-236.
  • Ha, M. H., & Yang, Z. (2017). Comparative analysis of port performance indicators: Independency and interdependency. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 103, 264-278.
  • Kaiser, E., Pathomsiri, S., & Haghani, A. (2006). Developing measures of us ports productivity and performance: using VZA and fdh approaches (No. 1427-2016-118553).
  • Kerstens, K., Hachem, B. A. M., & Wostyne, I. V. (2010). Malmquist and Hicks-Moorsteen Productivity Indices: An Empirical Comparison Focusing on Infeasibilities, HUB Research Paper Economics & Managemet, Brussels.
  • Lorcu, F. (2010). Malmquist Toplam Faktör Verimlilik Endeksi: Türk Otomotiv Sanayi Uygulaması, İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 39(2), 276-289.
  • Malmquist, S. (1953). Index numbers and indifference surfaces. Trabajos de Estadistica, 29-42.
  • Medal-Bartual, A., Molinos-Senante, M., & Sala-Garrido, R. (2016). Assessment of the Total Factor Productivity Change in the Spanish Ports: Hicks-Moorsteen Productivity Index Approach. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 142(1), 1-9.
  • Nguyen, H.O., Nguyen, H.V., Chang, Y.T., Chin, A.T. & Tongzon, J.(2016). Measuring port efficiency using bootstrapped VZA: the case of Vietnamese ports. Maritime Policy & Management, 43(5), 644-659.
  • Niavis S., Tsekerıs T., (2012), Ranking and causes of inefficiency of container seaports in South-Eastern Europe, Eur. Trnsp. Res. Rev., 4:235-244. doi: 10.1007/s12544-012-0080-y
  • Nunez-Sanchez, R., & Coto-Millan, P. (2012). The impact of public reforms on the productivity of Spanish ports: A parametric distance function approach, Transport Policy, 24, 99-108.
  • O’Donnell, C. J. (2008). Measuring and decomposing agricultural productivity and profitability change. The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 54, 527-560.
  • O’Donnell, C. J. (2011). DPIN 3.0 a program for decomposing productivity index numbers. Centre for efficiency and productivity analysis. University of Queensland, Brisbane
  • Rajasekar, T. & Deo, M. (2014), Does Size Influence the Operational Efficiency of the Major Ports of India? -A Study, IUP Journal of Operations Management, 13 (1), 20-39.
  • Roll, Y. Ve Hayuth, Y. (1993), Port Performance Comparison Applying Data Envelopment Analysis (VZA), Maritime Policy and Management, 20 (2), 153-161.
  • Ropero, A. G., Dominguez, I. T., & Jiménez, M. D. M. C. (2019). Bootstrapped operating efficiency in container ports: a case study in Spain and Portugal. Industrial Management & Data Systems.
  • Sağlam, B. B., Açık, A. Ve Ertürk, E. (2018), Evaluation of Investment Impact on Port Efficiency: Berthing Time Difference as a Performance Indicator, Journal of ETA Maritime Science, 6 (1), 37-46.
  • Sarriera, J. M., Serebrisky, T., Araya, G., Briceño-Garmendia, C., & Schwartz, J. (2013). Benchmarking container port technical efficiency in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 1-28.
  • Schoyen, H. ve Odeck, J. (2013). “The Technical Efficiency of Norwegian Container Ports: A Comparison to Some Nordic and UK Container Ports Using Data Envelopment Analysis (VZA)”, Maritime Economics&Logistics, 15(2):197-221
  • Simoes, P. ve Marques, R.C. (2010). “Influence of Congestion Efficiency on The European Seaports Performance: Does It Matter?”, Transport Reviews, 30(4): 517-539.
  • Song, Y. & Liu, H. (2020). Internet development, economic level, and port total factor productivity: an empirical study of Yangtze River ports, International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 23(4), 375-389.
  • Turner, H., Windle, R., & Dresner, M. (2004). North American containerport productivity: 1984–1997. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 40(4), 339-356.
  • UNCTAD (2020), Review of Maritime Transport 2020, https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/rmt2020_en.pdf
  • Wang, C.N., Nguyen, N.A.T., Fu, H.P., Hsu, H.P.& Dang, T.T. (2021). Efficiency assessment of seaport terminal operators using VZA Malmquist and Epsilon-Based Measure Models. Axioms, 10(2), 48.
  • Wu, Y. C. J., Yuan, C. H., Goh, M., & Lu, Y. H. (2016). Regional port productivity in APEC. Sustainability, 8(7), 689.
  • Yuen, A.C., Zhang, A. ve Cheung, W. (2013). “Foreign Participation and Competition: A Way to Improve The Container Port Efficiency In China?”, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 49:220-231.
  • Yüksekyıldız, E. ve Tunçel, A. L. (2020), Determining the Relative Efficiency of Container Terminals in Turkey Using Fuzzy Data Envelopment Analysis, Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, 9 (2), 102-113.
  • Yüksekyıldız, E. (2021). Entropi Ve Eatwos Yöntemleri İle Türkiye Konteyner Limanlarının Verimlilik Analizi. Verimlilik Dergisi, (2), 3-24
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Erdinc Koc 0000-0002-8209-5714

Beste Desticioğlu 0000-0001-8321-4554

Ahmed İhsan Şimşek 0000-0002-2900-3032

Early Pub Date July 29, 2021
Publication Date November 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 27

Cite

APA Koc, E., Desticioğlu, B., & Şimşek, A. İ. (2021). ABD Konteyner Limanlarının Toplam Faktör Verimliliklerinin Karşılaştırılması. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(27), 823-831. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.992850

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