Research Article
Çocukluk Dönemi Yürütücü İşlevler Envanteri-Ebeveyn Formunun Okul Öncesi Dönem Çocukları İçin Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı “Çocukluk Dönemi Yürütücü İşlevler Envanteri (ÇDYİE)” Ebeveyn Formu’nun okul öncesi yaş grubu için Türkçe’ye uyarlanmasıdır. 4-12 yaş aralığındaki çocukların yürütücü işlevlerini ebeveynler tarafından değerlendiren ÇDYİE bir derecelendirme aracıdır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, 2019-2020 eğitim öğretim yılında 37 okul öncesi eğitim kurumuna devam etmekte olan 48-72 ay grubundaki 212 çocuğun ebeveynlerinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak ÇDYİE ebeveyn formu, Çocuk Davranış Listesi-Kısa Formu (ÇDL-KF) ve Demografik Bilgi Formu kullanılmıştır. Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi sonuçları ÇDYİ’nin işleyen bellek ve ketleyici kontrol olmak üzere iki faktörlü yapısının orijinal yapısı ile örtüştüğü bulunmuştur; χ2(250) = 383,275, CFI=0.90, RMSEA=0.05 [90% CI 04, 06], SRMR=0.05. Ölçek maddelerinin üst ve alt %27’lik grupları arasında yapılan bağımsız t-testi sonuçlarına göre tüm maddeler gruplar arasında anlamlı düzeyde farklılık göstermiştir. Ölçeğin iç tutarlık (Cronbach’s alpha) değerleri işleyen bellek alt boyutu için ,90 ve ketleyici kontrol alt boyutu için ,78 olarak bulunmuştur. Güvenirlik değerleri, Kompozit Güvenirlik değerleri için de geçerlidir. Kriter geçerliğinde ÇDYİE ve ÇDL-KF alt boyutları arasında anlamlı düzeyde korelasyon bulunmuştur. Bulgular, ÇDYİE’nin Türk okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının ebeveynleri ile kullanılabilir olduğunu göstermektedir.
References
- Acar, İ. H., Frohn, S., Prokasky, A., Molfese, V. J. & Bates, J. E. (2019). Examining the associations between performance based and ratings of focused attention in toddlers: Are we measuring the same constructs? Infant and Child Development, 28(1), e2116. doi: 10.1002/icd.2116
- Akın Sarı, B., İşeri, E., Yalçın, Ö., Akın Aslan, A. & Şener, Ş. (2012). Çocuk davranış listesi kısa formunun türkçe güvenilirlik çalışması ve geçerliliğine ilişkin ön çalışma. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 15(3), 135-143.
- Anderson, P. (2002). Assessment and development of executive function (ef) during childhood. Child Neuropsychology, 8(2), 71-82. doi: 10.1076/chin.8.2.71.8724
- American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th edition). Washington, DC: Author.
- Arslan-Çiftçi, H., Uyanık, G. & Acar, İ.H. (2020). Çocukluk dönemi yürütücü işlevler envanteri türkçe formunun 48-72 aylık çocuklar için geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Erken Çocukluk Çalışmaları Dergisi, 4(3), 762-787
- Baddeley, A. (1992). Working memory. Science, 225(5044), 556-559. doi:10.1126/science.1736359
- Ball, G., Stokes, P. R., Rhodes, R. A., Bose, S. K., Rezek, I., Wink, A.-M., . . . Turkheimer, F. E. (2011). Executive functions and prefrontal cortex: A matter of persistence? Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 5(3), 1-13. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2011.00003
- Best, J. R. & Miller, P. H. (2010). A developmental perspective on executive function. Child Development, 81(6), 1641-1660. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01499.x
- Blair, C. (2002). School readiness: Integrating cognition and emotion in a neurobiological conceptualization of children’s functioning at school entry. American Psychologist, 57, 111-127. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.57.2.111
- Blair, C. & Razza, R. P. (2007). Relating effortful control, executive function, and false belief understanding to emerging math and literacy ability in kindergarten. Child Development, 78(2), 647-663. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01019.x
- Brown, T. E. (2002). DSM-IV: ADHD and executive function impairments. Advanced Studies in Medicine, 2(25), 910-914.
- Diamond, A. (2013). Executive functions. Annual Reviews of Psychology, 64, 135-168. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750
- Garon, N., Bryson, S. E. & Smith, I. M. (2008). Executive function in preschoolers: A review using an integrative framework. Psychological Bulletin, 134(1), 31-60. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.134.1.31
- Gioia, G. A., Isquith, P. K., Guy, S. C. & Kenworthy, L. (2000). Behavior rating ınventory of executive function. Lutz: Psychological Assessment Resources.
- Grissom, N. M., & Reyes, T. M. (2019). Let’s call the whole thing off: evaluating gender and sex differences in executive function. Neuropsychopharmacology, 44, 1-11. doi: 10.1038/s41386-018-0179-5
- Hair Jr., J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. ve Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (7. basım). London: Pearson Education Limited.
- Harrington, D. (2008). Confirmatory factor analysis. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Howard, S. J., Cook, C. J., Everts, L., Melhuish, E., Scerif, G., Norris, S., . . . Draper, C. E. (2019). Challenging socioeconomic status: A cross‐cultural comparison of early executive function. Developmental Science, 23(1), 1-9. doi: 10.1111/desc.12854
- Hughes, C. (2011). Changes and challenges in 20 years of research into the development of executive functions. Infant and Child Development, 20, 251-271. doi:10.1002/icd.736
- Hughes, C. & Ensor, R. (2007). Executive function and theory of mind: Predictives relations from ages 2 to 4. Developmental Psychology, 43(6), 1447-1459. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.43.6.1447
- Huizinga, M., Baeyens, D. & Burack, J. A. (2018). Executive function and education. Lausanne: Frontiers Media. doi:10.3389/978-2-88945-572-0
- IBM Corp. Released 2012. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
- Kayhan, E. (2010). A validation study for the childhood executive functioning inventory: Behavioral correlates of executive functioning. (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi İstanbul.
- Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
- Lehto, J. E., Juujärvi, P., Kooistra, L., & Pulkkinen, L. (2003). Dimensions of executive functioning: Evidence from children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 21(1), 59-80. doi: 10.1348/026151003321164627
- Li, C.-H. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data: Comparing robust maximum likelihood and diagonally weighted least squares. Behavior Research Methods, 48(3), 936–949. doi:10.3758/s13428-015-0619-7
- Loftis, C. (2016). Mental flexibility. J. Kreutzer, J. DeLuca & B. Caplan içinde, Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, Cham. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_2123-2
- McCelland, M. M., Acock, A. C., Piccinin, A., Rhea, S. A. & Stallings, M. C. (2013). Relations between preschool attention span-persistence and age 25 educational outcomes. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 28(2), 314-324. doi: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2012.07.008
- Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A. & Wager, T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex "frontal lobe" tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41(1), 49-100. doi: 10.1006/cogp.1999.0734
- Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2012). Mplus user’s guide. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
- Naglieri, J. A. & Goldstein, S. (2014). Using the Comprehensive Executive Function Inventory (CEFI) to assess executive function: From theory to application. In J. A. Naglierive S. Goldstein, Handbook of Executive Functioning (pp. 223-244). New York: Springer.
- Nilsen, E. S., Huyder, V. & Liebermann, D. (2016). Ratings of everyday executive functioning (REEF): A parent-report measure of preschoolers' executive functioning skills. Psychological Assessment, 29(1), 50-64. doi: 10.1037/pas0000308
- Putnam, S. P. & Rothbart, M. K. (2006). Development of short and very short forms of the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment, 87(1), 102-112. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa8701_09
- Rothbart, M. K. & Posner, M. I. (1985). Temperament and the development of self-regulation. L. C. Hartlageve C. F. Telzrow içinde, The neuropsychology of individual differences: A developmental perspective (s. 93-123). Boston: Springer.
- Sarsour, K., Sheridan, M., Jutte, D., Nuru-Jeter, A., Hinshaw, S., & Boyce, W. T. (2011). Family socioeconomic statıus and child executive functions: The roles of language, home environment, and single parenthood. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 17, 120-132. doi:10.1017/S1355617710001335
- Simonds, J., Kieras, J., Rueda, M., & Rothbart, M. (2007). Effortful control, executive attention, and emotional regulation in 7-10-year old children. Cognitive Development, 22(4), 474–488. doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2007.08.009.
- Taşkın-Gökçe, T. G., & Kandır, A. (2019). Erken çocukluk döneminde yönetici işlevlerin gelişimi ve değerlendirilmesi ile ilgili Türkiye’de yapılan bilimsel çalışmaların incelenmesi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21(2), 529-546. doi: 10.32709/akusosbil.474618
- The Center on the Developing Child. (2020, Nisan 28). Executive function & self-regulation. https://developingchild.harvard.edu/science/key-concepts/executive-function/ adresinden alındı
- Thorell, L. B. & Nyberg, L. (2008). The childhood executive functioning inventory (chexı): A new rating instrument for parents and teachers. Developmental Neuropsychology, 33(4), 536-552. doi: 10.1080/87565640802101516
- Toplak, M. E., West, R. F. & Stanovich, K. E. (2013). Practitioner review: Do performance‐based measures and ratings of executive function assess the same construct? The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(2), 131-143. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12001
- Ursache, A., Blair, C. & Raver, C. C. (2012). The promotion of self-regulation as a means of enhancing school readiness and early achievement in children at risk for school failure. Child Development Perspectives, 6(2), 122-128. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-8606.2011.00209.x
Validity and Reliability Study of Parent Report of the Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory for Preschoolers
Abstract
The present study aims to adapt the parent-report of the "Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI)" into Turkish to use with preschool children. The CHEXI is a rating instrument by which parents evaluate the executive functioning of children between ages of 4 and12 years. The sample of the present study consists of parents of 212 children attending 37 public preschools during 2019 – 2020 academic year. Children’s ages range from 48 to 72 months. Parents completed the CHEXI, Children's Behavior Questionnaire-Short Form (CBQ-SF), and Demographic Information Form. Results from the Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed that the CHEXI has two factors aligned with the original structure; χ2(250) = 383,275, CFI=0.90, RMSEA=0.05 [90% CI 04, 06], SRMR=0.05. These dimensions are Working Memory and Inhibitory Control. As a result of the item-level independent t-test conducted for the upper and lower 27% groups, all items were significantly different between groups. The internal reliability (Cronbach's Alpha) values of the inventory were found to be .90 for the Working Memory and .78 for the Inhibitory Control subscale. This was also true for composite reliability. In addition, there was a significant correlation between CHEXI and CBQ-SF's subscales, indicating criterion validity. The findings of the present study suggest that CHEXI could be used with parents of preschool children in Turkey.
References
- Acar, İ. H., Frohn, S., Prokasky, A., Molfese, V. J. & Bates, J. E. (2019). Examining the associations between performance based and ratings of focused attention in toddlers: Are we measuring the same constructs? Infant and Child Development, 28(1), e2116. doi: 10.1002/icd.2116
- Akın Sarı, B., İşeri, E., Yalçın, Ö., Akın Aslan, A. & Şener, Ş. (2012). Çocuk davranış listesi kısa formunun türkçe güvenilirlik çalışması ve geçerliliğine ilişkin ön çalışma. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 15(3), 135-143.
- Anderson, P. (2002). Assessment and development of executive function (ef) during childhood. Child Neuropsychology, 8(2), 71-82. doi: 10.1076/chin.8.2.71.8724
- American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th edition). Washington, DC: Author.
- Arslan-Çiftçi, H., Uyanık, G. & Acar, İ.H. (2020). Çocukluk dönemi yürütücü işlevler envanteri türkçe formunun 48-72 aylık çocuklar için geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Erken Çocukluk Çalışmaları Dergisi, 4(3), 762-787
- Baddeley, A. (1992). Working memory. Science, 225(5044), 556-559. doi:10.1126/science.1736359
- Ball, G., Stokes, P. R., Rhodes, R. A., Bose, S. K., Rezek, I., Wink, A.-M., . . . Turkheimer, F. E. (2011). Executive functions and prefrontal cortex: A matter of persistence? Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 5(3), 1-13. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2011.00003
- Best, J. R. & Miller, P. H. (2010). A developmental perspective on executive function. Child Development, 81(6), 1641-1660. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01499.x
- Blair, C. (2002). School readiness: Integrating cognition and emotion in a neurobiological conceptualization of children’s functioning at school entry. American Psychologist, 57, 111-127. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.57.2.111
- Blair, C. & Razza, R. P. (2007). Relating effortful control, executive function, and false belief understanding to emerging math and literacy ability in kindergarten. Child Development, 78(2), 647-663. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01019.x
- Brown, T. E. (2002). DSM-IV: ADHD and executive function impairments. Advanced Studies in Medicine, 2(25), 910-914.
- Diamond, A. (2013). Executive functions. Annual Reviews of Psychology, 64, 135-168. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750
- Garon, N., Bryson, S. E. & Smith, I. M. (2008). Executive function in preschoolers: A review using an integrative framework. Psychological Bulletin, 134(1), 31-60. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.134.1.31
- Gioia, G. A., Isquith, P. K., Guy, S. C. & Kenworthy, L. (2000). Behavior rating ınventory of executive function. Lutz: Psychological Assessment Resources.
- Grissom, N. M., & Reyes, T. M. (2019). Let’s call the whole thing off: evaluating gender and sex differences in executive function. Neuropsychopharmacology, 44, 1-11. doi: 10.1038/s41386-018-0179-5
- Hair Jr., J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. ve Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (7. basım). London: Pearson Education Limited.
- Harrington, D. (2008). Confirmatory factor analysis. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Howard, S. J., Cook, C. J., Everts, L., Melhuish, E., Scerif, G., Norris, S., . . . Draper, C. E. (2019). Challenging socioeconomic status: A cross‐cultural comparison of early executive function. Developmental Science, 23(1), 1-9. doi: 10.1111/desc.12854
- Hughes, C. (2011). Changes and challenges in 20 years of research into the development of executive functions. Infant and Child Development, 20, 251-271. doi:10.1002/icd.736
- Hughes, C. & Ensor, R. (2007). Executive function and theory of mind: Predictives relations from ages 2 to 4. Developmental Psychology, 43(6), 1447-1459. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.43.6.1447
- Huizinga, M., Baeyens, D. & Burack, J. A. (2018). Executive function and education. Lausanne: Frontiers Media. doi:10.3389/978-2-88945-572-0
- IBM Corp. Released 2012. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
- Kayhan, E. (2010). A validation study for the childhood executive functioning inventory: Behavioral correlates of executive functioning. (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi İstanbul.
- Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
- Lehto, J. E., Juujärvi, P., Kooistra, L., & Pulkkinen, L. (2003). Dimensions of executive functioning: Evidence from children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 21(1), 59-80. doi: 10.1348/026151003321164627
- Li, C.-H. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data: Comparing robust maximum likelihood and diagonally weighted least squares. Behavior Research Methods, 48(3), 936–949. doi:10.3758/s13428-015-0619-7
- Loftis, C. (2016). Mental flexibility. J. Kreutzer, J. DeLuca & B. Caplan içinde, Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, Cham. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_2123-2
- McCelland, M. M., Acock, A. C., Piccinin, A., Rhea, S. A. & Stallings, M. C. (2013). Relations between preschool attention span-persistence and age 25 educational outcomes. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 28(2), 314-324. doi: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2012.07.008
- Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A. & Wager, T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex "frontal lobe" tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41(1), 49-100. doi: 10.1006/cogp.1999.0734
- Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2012). Mplus user’s guide. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
- Naglieri, J. A. & Goldstein, S. (2014). Using the Comprehensive Executive Function Inventory (CEFI) to assess executive function: From theory to application. In J. A. Naglierive S. Goldstein, Handbook of Executive Functioning (pp. 223-244). New York: Springer.
- Nilsen, E. S., Huyder, V. & Liebermann, D. (2016). Ratings of everyday executive functioning (REEF): A parent-report measure of preschoolers' executive functioning skills. Psychological Assessment, 29(1), 50-64. doi: 10.1037/pas0000308
- Putnam, S. P. & Rothbart, M. K. (2006). Development of short and very short forms of the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment, 87(1), 102-112. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa8701_09
- Rothbart, M. K. & Posner, M. I. (1985). Temperament and the development of self-regulation. L. C. Hartlageve C. F. Telzrow içinde, The neuropsychology of individual differences: A developmental perspective (s. 93-123). Boston: Springer.
- Sarsour, K., Sheridan, M., Jutte, D., Nuru-Jeter, A., Hinshaw, S., & Boyce, W. T. (2011). Family socioeconomic statıus and child executive functions: The roles of language, home environment, and single parenthood. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 17, 120-132. doi:10.1017/S1355617710001335
- Simonds, J., Kieras, J., Rueda, M., & Rothbart, M. (2007). Effortful control, executive attention, and emotional regulation in 7-10-year old children. Cognitive Development, 22(4), 474–488. doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2007.08.009.
- Taşkın-Gökçe, T. G., & Kandır, A. (2019). Erken çocukluk döneminde yönetici işlevlerin gelişimi ve değerlendirilmesi ile ilgili Türkiye’de yapılan bilimsel çalışmaların incelenmesi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21(2), 529-546. doi: 10.32709/akusosbil.474618
- The Center on the Developing Child. (2020, Nisan 28). Executive function & self-regulation. https://developingchild.harvard.edu/science/key-concepts/executive-function/ adresinden alındı
- Thorell, L. B. & Nyberg, L. (2008). The childhood executive functioning inventory (chexı): A new rating instrument for parents and teachers. Developmental Neuropsychology, 33(4), 536-552. doi: 10.1080/87565640802101516
- Toplak, M. E., West, R. F. & Stanovich, K. E. (2013). Practitioner review: Do performance‐based measures and ratings of executive function assess the same construct? The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(2), 131-143. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12001
- Ursache, A., Blair, C. & Raver, C. C. (2012). The promotion of self-regulation as a means of enhancing school readiness and early achievement in children at risk for school failure. Child Development Perspectives, 6(2), 122-128. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-8606.2011.00209.x
There are 41 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Studies on Education |
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 30, 2021 |
| Submission Date | February 22, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 Volume: 17 Issue: 2 |