Abstract
Öz
Bu araştırmanın temel hedefi, yaşlı bireylerin evsizlik deneyimini anlamak, bu süreçte karşılaştıkları zorlukları ve yaşam koşullarını incelemek ve ihtiyaç duydukları hizmetlerin detaylı bir şekilde belirlenmesini sağlamaktır. Çalışma nitel araştırma desenine göre kurgulanmıştır. Bursa il merkezinde sokakta ve konukevinde kalan 11 yaşlı evsiz bireyle yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz yöntemiyle analiz edilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Katılımcılarla yapılan görüşmelerde, yaşlı evsizlerin kişisel hikayeleri ve evsizliği deneyimleme süreci, yaşadıkları zorluklar ve yaşam koşulları ve ihtiyaç duydukları hizmetler şeklinde üç ana tema ortaya çıkmıştır. Bulgular, yaşlı evsiz bireylerin karşılaştıkları zorlukların çok katmanlı olduğunu ve bu bireylerin ihtiyaçlarının genel evsiz nüfusundan farklılaştığını göstermektedir. Yaşlı evsiz bireylerle yapılan görüşmeler, aile ve sosyal bağların eksikliği, sağlık sorunları, uygun barınma ve ekonomik imkanların yetersizliği, psikolojik ve duygusal zorluklar, güvenlik endişeleri ve hizmetlere erişimdeki sınırlılıkların onların yaşam koşullarını olumsuz etkilediğini göstermiştir. Özellikle aile ve sıcak bir yuva özlemi, yaşına uygun bakım ve sağlık desteği, emekli maaşında iyileştirme beklentileri ve huzurevine geçiş gibi ihtiyaçlarının olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu bakımdan kamu kuruluşları ve evsizlikle mücadele eden diğer ilgili taraflar, evsiz yaşlılar için kalıcı sosyal politikalar ve somut hizmetler geliştirerek, bu bireylerin yaşam koşullarını iyileştirmeli ve onlara nitelikli destek sağlamalıdır. Ayrıca, mevcut barınma hizmetlerinin niteliğini ve kapsamını artırarak, huzurevi ihtiyacı olan yaşlı evsizlerin derhal kurumlara yerleştirilmeleri sağlanmalıdır.
Abstract
This study aims to understand the experience of homelessness among elderly individuals, examining the challenges they face and their living conditions, and to provide a detailed identification of the services they need. The research is designed according to a qualitative research pattern. In the city center of Bursa, interviews were conducted with 11 elderly homeless individuals using a semi-structured interview form. The data obtained were analyzed and interpreted using descriptive analysis methods. During the interviews with the participants, three main themes emerged: the personal stories of the elderly homeless and their process of experiencing homelessness, the challenges and living conditions they face, and the services they need. The findings reveal that the challenges faced by elderly homeless individuals are multifaceted and their needs differ from the general homeless population. Interviews with elderly homeless individuals highlighted the absence of family and social ties, health issues, inadequate housing and economic resources, psychological and emotional difficulties, security concerns, and limited access to services, all negatively impacting their living conditions. Specifically, their needs for family and a warm home, age-appropriate care and health support, improved pension benefits, and transition to nursing homes were identified. Therefore, public institutions and other relevant parties combating homelessness should develop permanent social policies and concrete services for elderly homeless people, improving their living conditions and providing them with quality support. Additionally, the quality and scope of existing housing services should be enhanced to immediately accommodate elderly homeless individuals in need of nursing home care.
Ethical Statement
Bu araştırmanın etik kurul izni, İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Etik Kurul Başkanlığı’nın 06.12. 2022 tarihli 2022/291 karar numaralı belgesiyle alınmıştır.
References
- Anderson I, Kemp P, Quilgars D. (1993). Single homeless people. London: HMSO A Report fort he Department of the Environment.
- Brown, R. T., Kiely, D. K., Bharel, M., & Mitchell, S. L. (2011). Geriatric syndromes in older homeless adults. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 26(1), 92–98.
- Brown, R. T., Thomas, M. L., Cutler, D. F., & Hinderlie, M. (2016). Meeting the housing and care needs of older homeless adults: A permanent supportive housing program targeting homeless elders. The Gerontologist, 56(3), 476–484.
- Campbell, D., O’Neill, B., Gibson, K., & Thurston, W. (2015). Primary healthcare needs and barriers to care among calgary’s homeless populations. BMC Family Practice, 16(1).
- Cohen CI, Teresi J, Holmes D. (1988). The mental health of old homeless men. J Am Geriatr Soc, 36:492–501.
- Crane, M. (1996). The situation of older homeless people. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 6, 389-398.
- Crane, M., & Warnes, A. M. (2010). Homelessness among older people and service responses. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 20(4), 354-363. doi:10.1017/S0959259810000225
- Crane, M., et al. (2005). The causes of homelessness in later life: Findings from a 3-nation study. Journals of Gerontology, 60B(3), 152-9. doi:10.1093/geronb/60.3.S152
- Creswell, J. W. (2017). Araştırma deseni nitel, nicel ve karma yöntem yaklaşımları, (S.Beşir, Çev.), Ankara: Eğiten Kitap
- CSH and Hearth ending elder homelessness, Ending Homelessness among Older Adults and Elders through Permanent Supportive Housing, Revised Policy Paper Prepared for the National Leadership Initiative tı End Elder Homelessness, December 2011.
- Culhane, D. P., Metraux, S., Byrne, T., Stino, M., & Bainbridge, J. (2013). The age structure of contemporary homelessness: Evidence and implications for public policy. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 13(1), 228-244.
- Culhane, D. (2019).The Emerging Crisis of Aged Homelessness: Could Housing Solutions Be Funded by Avoidance of Excess Shelter, Hospital, and Nursing Home Costs?
- Dietz, T., & Wright, J. D. (2005). Victimization of the elderly homeless. Care Management Journals, 6(1), 15-21. doi:10.1891/cmaj.2005.6.1.15.
- Dongen, S., Straaten, B., Wolf, J., Heide, A., Rietjens, J., & Mheen, D. (2019). Self‐reported health, healthcare service use and health‐related needs: a comparison of older and younger homeless people. Health & Social Care in the Community, 27(4).
- Doolin J. (1986). Planning for the special needs of the homeless elderly. Gerontologist, 26:229-31. Gerontological Social Work, 53(7), 575–590. doi:10.1080/01634372.2010.510169
- Gonyea, J. G., Mills-Dick, K., & Bachman, S. S. (2010). The complexities of elder homelessness, a shifting political landscape and emerging community responses, Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 53(7), 575-590. Grenier, A., et al. (2016) ‘Growing Old’ in Shelters and ‘On the Street’: Experiences of Older Homeless People, Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 59:6, 458-477.
- Gürel, M. (2023). Evsizlik olgusu ve evsizlere yönelik sosyal hizmet çalışmaları: Bursa örneği, (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi), İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
- Holt, N., Christian, J., & Larkin, M. (2011). Maintaining connectedness: exploring the experiences of older homeless men living in hostel accommodation. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 22(6), 485-501.
- Işıkhan, V. (2004). Yaşlı evsizler ve sosyal hizmet müdahaleleri, Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet Dergisi, 15(2): 39-50.
- Kahraman, M. F. (2019). Sosyal Dışlanma Bağlamında Evsizlik: İstanbul Örneği (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Sakarya Üniversitesi, Sakarya.
- Karataş, Z. (2015). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri, Manevi Temelli Sosyal Hizmet Araştırmaları Dergisi,1(1):62-80.
- Kaya Kılıç, A. & Aslantürk, H. (2019). Evsizlerin sosyo-demografik özellikleri ve sokak yaşam deneyimleri: antalya örneği, Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 30(2): 417-437.
- Keigher SM, Greenblatt S. (1992). Housing emergencies and the etiology of homelessness among the urban elderly. Gerontologist, 32:457-65.
- Kellogg, F. R., & Horn, A. (2012). The elderly homeless: A study comparing older and younger homeless persons, with three case histories. Care Management Journals, 13(4), 238-245.
- Kutza EA, Keigher SM. (1991). The elderly “new homeless”: an emerging population at risk. Social Work, 36:288-93.
- Lee, B. A., & Schreck, C. J. (2005). Danger on the streets: Marginality and victimization among homeless people. American Behavioral Scientist, 48(8), 1055-1081.
- Lipmann, B. (2002). Keynote address to SAAP’s National Coordination and Development Committee Forum on Elderly Homeless, Sydney.
- Lipmann, B. (2009) Elderly Homeless Men and Women: Aged Care's Forgotten People, Australian Social Work, 62:2, 272-286. McDonald, L., Dergal, J., & Cleghorn, L. (2007). Living on the margins: Older homeless adults in Toronto. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 49(1–2), 19–46.
- National Coalition for the Homeless (2009). Homelessness Among Elderly Persons
- Nooe, R. M., & Patterson, D. A. (2010). The Ecology of Homelessness. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 20(2): 105–152.
- North, C., Smith, E., & Spitznagel, E. L. (1994). Violence and the homeless: An epidemiologic study of victimization and aggression. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 7(1), 95-10.
- Serge, L., & Gnaedinger, N. (2003). Housing options for elderly or chronically ill shelter users. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation.
- Sermons, W.M, Henry, M. (2010). Demographics of Homelessness Series: The Rising Elderly Population, Homelessness Research Institute,
- Snow, D., & Anderson, L. (1993). Down on their luck: A study of homeless street people. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Sosin, M. (1992). Homelessness and vulnerable meal program users: A comparison study. Social Problems, 39, 170–188.
- Swigart, V., Kolb, R. (2004). Homeless Persons’ Decisions to accept or reject public health disease –detection services, Public Health Nurs, 21(2): 162-70.
- Tully CT, Jacobson S. (1994). The homeless elderly: America’s forgotten population. J Gerontol Soc Work, 22(4), 61-81
- Tutty, L.M., vd. (2010). Risks and Assets for Homelessness Prevention: A Literature Review for The Calgary Homeless Foundation. Calgary: Homeless Hub.
- Wang, L., Lin, L., Chen, Y., Wang, T., & Lin, J. (2020). Correlates of depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older homeless adults using the 9-item patient health questionnaire. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(13), 4754. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134754.
- Warnes, A., Crane, M., Whitehead, N., & Fu, R. (2003). Homelessness factfile. London: Crisis.
- Woolrych, R., Gibson, N., Sixsmith, J. & Sixsmith, A. (2015). “No Home, No Place”: Addressing the Complexity of Homelessness in Old Age Through Community Dialogue. Journal of Housing for the Elderly, 29(3), 233-258.
- Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
- Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin.
Abstract
References
- Anderson I, Kemp P, Quilgars D. (1993). Single homeless people. London: HMSO A Report fort he Department of the Environment.
- Brown, R. T., Kiely, D. K., Bharel, M., & Mitchell, S. L. (2011). Geriatric syndromes in older homeless adults. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 26(1), 92–98.
- Brown, R. T., Thomas, M. L., Cutler, D. F., & Hinderlie, M. (2016). Meeting the housing and care needs of older homeless adults: A permanent supportive housing program targeting homeless elders. The Gerontologist, 56(3), 476–484.
- Campbell, D., O’Neill, B., Gibson, K., & Thurston, W. (2015). Primary healthcare needs and barriers to care among calgary’s homeless populations. BMC Family Practice, 16(1).
- Cohen CI, Teresi J, Holmes D. (1988). The mental health of old homeless men. J Am Geriatr Soc, 36:492–501.
- Crane, M. (1996). The situation of older homeless people. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 6, 389-398.
- Crane, M., & Warnes, A. M. (2010). Homelessness among older people and service responses. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 20(4), 354-363. doi:10.1017/S0959259810000225
- Crane, M., et al. (2005). The causes of homelessness in later life: Findings from a 3-nation study. Journals of Gerontology, 60B(3), 152-9. doi:10.1093/geronb/60.3.S152
- Creswell, J. W. (2017). Araştırma deseni nitel, nicel ve karma yöntem yaklaşımları, (S.Beşir, Çev.), Ankara: Eğiten Kitap
- CSH and Hearth ending elder homelessness, Ending Homelessness among Older Adults and Elders through Permanent Supportive Housing, Revised Policy Paper Prepared for the National Leadership Initiative tı End Elder Homelessness, December 2011.
- Culhane, D. P., Metraux, S., Byrne, T., Stino, M., & Bainbridge, J. (2013). The age structure of contemporary homelessness: Evidence and implications for public policy. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 13(1), 228-244.
- Culhane, D. (2019).The Emerging Crisis of Aged Homelessness: Could Housing Solutions Be Funded by Avoidance of Excess Shelter, Hospital, and Nursing Home Costs?
- Dietz, T., & Wright, J. D. (2005). Victimization of the elderly homeless. Care Management Journals, 6(1), 15-21. doi:10.1891/cmaj.2005.6.1.15.
- Dongen, S., Straaten, B., Wolf, J., Heide, A., Rietjens, J., & Mheen, D. (2019). Self‐reported health, healthcare service use and health‐related needs: a comparison of older and younger homeless people. Health & Social Care in the Community, 27(4).
- Doolin J. (1986). Planning for the special needs of the homeless elderly. Gerontologist, 26:229-31. Gerontological Social Work, 53(7), 575–590. doi:10.1080/01634372.2010.510169
- Gonyea, J. G., Mills-Dick, K., & Bachman, S. S. (2010). The complexities of elder homelessness, a shifting political landscape and emerging community responses, Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 53(7), 575-590. Grenier, A., et al. (2016) ‘Growing Old’ in Shelters and ‘On the Street’: Experiences of Older Homeless People, Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 59:6, 458-477.
- Gürel, M. (2023). Evsizlik olgusu ve evsizlere yönelik sosyal hizmet çalışmaları: Bursa örneği, (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi), İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
- Holt, N., Christian, J., & Larkin, M. (2011). Maintaining connectedness: exploring the experiences of older homeless men living in hostel accommodation. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 22(6), 485-501.
- Işıkhan, V. (2004). Yaşlı evsizler ve sosyal hizmet müdahaleleri, Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet Dergisi, 15(2): 39-50.
- Kahraman, M. F. (2019). Sosyal Dışlanma Bağlamında Evsizlik: İstanbul Örneği (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Sakarya Üniversitesi, Sakarya.
- Karataş, Z. (2015). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri, Manevi Temelli Sosyal Hizmet Araştırmaları Dergisi,1(1):62-80.
- Kaya Kılıç, A. & Aslantürk, H. (2019). Evsizlerin sosyo-demografik özellikleri ve sokak yaşam deneyimleri: antalya örneği, Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 30(2): 417-437.
- Keigher SM, Greenblatt S. (1992). Housing emergencies and the etiology of homelessness among the urban elderly. Gerontologist, 32:457-65.
- Kellogg, F. R., & Horn, A. (2012). The elderly homeless: A study comparing older and younger homeless persons, with three case histories. Care Management Journals, 13(4), 238-245.
- Kutza EA, Keigher SM. (1991). The elderly “new homeless”: an emerging population at risk. Social Work, 36:288-93.
- Lee, B. A., & Schreck, C. J. (2005). Danger on the streets: Marginality and victimization among homeless people. American Behavioral Scientist, 48(8), 1055-1081.
- Lipmann, B. (2002). Keynote address to SAAP’s National Coordination and Development Committee Forum on Elderly Homeless, Sydney.
- Lipmann, B. (2009) Elderly Homeless Men and Women: Aged Care's Forgotten People, Australian Social Work, 62:2, 272-286. McDonald, L., Dergal, J., & Cleghorn, L. (2007). Living on the margins: Older homeless adults in Toronto. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 49(1–2), 19–46.
- National Coalition for the Homeless (2009). Homelessness Among Elderly Persons
- Nooe, R. M., & Patterson, D. A. (2010). The Ecology of Homelessness. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 20(2): 105–152.
- North, C., Smith, E., & Spitznagel, E. L. (1994). Violence and the homeless: An epidemiologic study of victimization and aggression. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 7(1), 95-10.
- Serge, L., & Gnaedinger, N. (2003). Housing options for elderly or chronically ill shelter users. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation.
- Sermons, W.M, Henry, M. (2010). Demographics of Homelessness Series: The Rising Elderly Population, Homelessness Research Institute,
- Snow, D., & Anderson, L. (1993). Down on their luck: A study of homeless street people. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Sosin, M. (1992). Homelessness and vulnerable meal program users: A comparison study. Social Problems, 39, 170–188.
- Swigart, V., Kolb, R. (2004). Homeless Persons’ Decisions to accept or reject public health disease –detection services, Public Health Nurs, 21(2): 162-70.
- Tully CT, Jacobson S. (1994). The homeless elderly: America’s forgotten population. J Gerontol Soc Work, 22(4), 61-81
- Tutty, L.M., vd. (2010). Risks and Assets for Homelessness Prevention: A Literature Review for The Calgary Homeless Foundation. Calgary: Homeless Hub.
- Wang, L., Lin, L., Chen, Y., Wang, T., & Lin, J. (2020). Correlates of depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older homeless adults using the 9-item patient health questionnaire. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(13), 4754. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134754.
- Warnes, A., Crane, M., Whitehead, N., & Fu, R. (2003). Homelessness factfile. London: Crisis.
- Woolrych, R., Gibson, N., Sixsmith, J. & Sixsmith, A. (2015). “No Home, No Place”: Addressing the Complexity of Homelessness in Old Age Through Community Dialogue. Journal of Housing for the Elderly, 29(3), 233-258.
- Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
- Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Policy and Administration (Other), Social Policy (Other), Sociology (Other) |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | March 26, 2024 |
| Publication Date | April 16, 2024 |
| Submission Date | November 29, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | December 20, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 23 Issue: 90 |
Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (Electronic Journal of Social Sciences), Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.