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TEPECİK-ÇİFTLİK NEOLİTİK TOPLULUĞUNUN DEMOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLERİ

Year 2017, Volume: 23 Issue: 92, 79 - 98, 01.11.2017

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Neolitik döneme tarihlenen Tepecik-Çiftlik topluluğunun demografik yapısı

incelenmektedir. Çalışma materyali 170’e yakın bireye ait kalıntılardan oluşmaktadır.

Çalışmada temel olarak topluluğa ait nüfus yapısının belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Topluluk

içinde bebek ve çocuk ölümlülüğünün % 60 civarında olduğu, doğumda yaşam beklentisinin

15 yıl olduğu saptanmıştır. Kadınlar ve erkekler arasında ömür uzunluğu ve yaşam beklentisi

anlamında kadınlar aleyhine bir durum olduğu belirlenmiştir. Topluluktaki erişkinlerin ölüm

yaşı ortalamasının yaklaşık 35 yaş olduğu saptanmıştır. Kadınların örneklemdeki sayısının

erkeklerden daha fazla olduğu gözlenmiştir. Topluluğun gömü uygulamalarındaki çeşitlilik

içinde özellikle küçük yaştaki bebekleri ilgilendiren yaş ile ilgili farklılaşmanın belli lokasyonlarla

ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir, paleodemografik örneklemin oluşumunda ölüm uygulamalarının

etkisine dikkat çekilmiştir.

References

  • Altuntek, N.S. and Erdal, Y.S. (2013). Sub-adult graves in Şanlıurfa-Turkey: on the concept of childhood. Eurasian Journal of Anthropology 4 (1):1-15.
  • Altuntek, N.S., & Erdal, Y. S. (2014). Bediüzzaman Mezarlığı’nda Ölüm: Toplumsal/Kültürel Görünümler. Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 31(1).
  • Armelagos, G. J., Goodman, A.H., & Jacobs, K.H. (1991). The origins of agriculture: Population growth during a period of declining health. Population & Environment, 13(1), 9-22.
  • Alpaslan-Roodenberg, S. (2008). The Neolithic cemetery, The anthropological view. Ilıpınar excavations 3, 3, 35.
  • Bıçakçı, E., Altınbilek Algül, Ç., Balcı, S., Godon, M. (2007). Tepecik-Çiftlik. In; M. Özdoğan & N. Başgelen (Eds.), Türkiye’de Neolitik Dönem. Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, İstanbul, pp. 237-253. Bıçakçı, E., Godon, M., Çakan, Y.G. (2012). Tepecik-Çiftlik. In The Neolithic in Turkey (Vol 3). M. Özdoğan, N. Başgelen & P. Kuniholm (Eds.). Archaeology and Art Publications, İstanbul, pp.89-134. Binford, L. (1971). Mortuary practices: Their Study and their potential. In Approaches to the Social Dimensions of Mortuary Practices, pp. 6-29. Society for American Archaeology, Washington, D.C.
  • Bocquet-Appel, J.P. 2008. Explaining the neolithic demographic transition. In: Neolithic Demographic Transition and its Consequences. JP Bocquet-Appel and O. Bar-Yosef (Eds). Springer, ss. 35-55.
  • Bocquet-appel, JP & Bar-Yosef, O. (Eds) (2008a): In Neolithic Demographic Transition and its Consequences. Springer
  • Bocquet-appel, JP & Bar-Yosef, O. (2008b). Prehistoric demography in a time of globalization. In Neolithic Demographic Transition and its Consequences. JP Bocquet-Appel and O. Bar-Yosef (Eds). Springer, ss. 1-10.
  • Broushaki, F., Thomas, M.G., Link, V., Lopez, S., van Dorp, L., Kirsanov, K. vd. (2016). Early Neolithic genomes from the eastern Fertile Crescent. Science DOI: 10.1126/science. aaf7943
  • Buikstra, J.E. & Ubelaker, D.H., 1994. Standards for data collection from human skeletal Büyükkarakaya, A.M., Erdal, Y.S., Özbek, M., 2009. Tepecik/Çiftlik İnsanlarının Antropolojik Açıdan Değerlendirilmesi. Arkeometri Sonuçları Toplantısı 24, 119-138. Carr, C. (1995). Mortuary Practices: Their social, philosophical-religious, circumstantial, and physical determinants. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, Vol. 2, No. 2: 105- 200. Chapman, R. (2013). Death, Burial, and Social Representation. In The Oxford Handbook of The Archaeology of Death and Burial. S. Tarlow and L. Nilsson Stutz. Oxford University Press, Oxford, p. 47-57.
  • Duday, H. (2009). The archaeology of dead, Lectures in archaeothanatology. Oxbow books, Oxford.
  • Ellison, P.T., Bogin, B., & O'Rourke, M.T. (2012). Demography Part 2: Population Growth and Fertility Regulation. Human Biology: An Evolutionary and Biocultural Perspective, Second Edition, 757-803.
  • Erdal, Y.S. (2000). Eski Anadolu toplumlarında çocuk sağlığı ve hastalıkları. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 43: 5-19.
  • Erdal, Y.S. (2009). Bademağacı Erken Neolitik İnsanları. 24. Arkeometri Sonuçları Toplantısı, 97-117. Fernandez E, Perez-Perez A, Gamba C, Prats E, Cuesta P, vd. (2014). Ancient DNA Analysis of 8000 B.C. Near Eastern Farmers Supports an Early Neolithic Pioneer Maritime Colonization of Mainland Europe through Cyprus and the Aegean Islands. PLoS Genet 10(6), e1004401.
  • Goodman, A.H., Thomas, R.B., Swedlund, A.C. & G.J. Armalagos, G.J. (1988). Biocultural Perspectives on Stres in Prehistoric, Historic, and Contemporary Population Research. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 31: 169-202.
  • Hodder, I. (1982). The identification and interpretation of ranking in prehistory: a contextual perspective. In Ranking, resource and Exchange. C. Renfrew and S. Shennan (Eds.).Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p.150-154.
  • Hofmanová, Z., Kreutzer, S., Hellenthal, G., Sell, C., Diekmann, Y., Díez-del-Molino, D. 2016. Early farmers from across Europe directly descended from Neolithic Aegeans. PNAS 113 (25) DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1523951113
  • H.Ü.N.E.E. (Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü) (2014). 2013 Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü, TC Kalkınma Bakanlığı ve TÜBİTAK, Ankara, Türkiye, 1.
  • Jackes, M. 2011. Representativeness and bias in archaeological skeletal samples. In: S.C. Agarwal and B.A. Glencross (eds), Social Bioarchaeology 107-146 . Oxford: Wiley- Blackwell.
  • Kılınç, G.M., Omrak, A., Özer, F., Günther, T., Büyükkarakaya, A.M., Bıçakçı, E. vd .(2016). The Demographic Development of the First Farmers in Anatolia. Current Biology, 26, 1-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.07.057 Krogman, W.M., İşcan, M.Y., 1986. The Human Skeleton in Forensic Medicine. Charles C. Thomas, Illionis Larsen, C.S. (2015). Bioarchaeology: interpreting behavior from the human skeleton (Vol. 69). Cambridge University Press.
  • Larsen, C.S., Hillson, S.W., Boz, B., Pilloud, M.A., Sadvari, J.W., Agarwal, S.C., Glencross, B., Beauchesne, P., Pearson, J., Ruff, C.B., Garofalo, E.M., Hager, L.D., Haddow, S.D. and Knüsel, C.J. (2015). Bioarchaeology of neolithic Çatalhöyük: Lives and lifestyles of an early farming society in transition. Journal of World History 28:27-68.
  • Lewis, M.E. (2007). Bioarchaeology of children. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. Lazaridis, I, Nadel, D., Rollefson, G., Merret, D.C., Rohland, N., Mallick, S. 2016. Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East. Nature doi:10.1038/nature19310
  • Loth, S.R., İşcan, M.Y., (1989). Morphological assesment of age in the adult: The thoracic region.. In; İşcan, M.Y. (Ed.), Age Markers in the Human Skeleton. Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Illionis, pp. 105-135.
  • Lovejoy, C.O., Meındl, R.S., Pryzbeck, T.R., Meinsforth, R.P., (1985). Chronological metamorphosis of the auricular surface of the ilium: a new method for the determination of adult skeletal age at death. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 68, 15-28 Martin, D.L., Harrod, R.P., Perez, V.R. (2013). Bioarchaeology, an integratedapproach to working with human remains. Springer, New York.
  • Mathieson, I., Lazaridis, I., Rohland, N., Malşick, S., Patterson, N., Alpaslan Roodenberg, S. Vd. (2015). “Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians”. Nature, vol. 528, 299-503. Meindl, R.S., Love joy, C.O., (1985). Ectocranial Suture Closure: a revised method for the determination of skeletal age at the death based on the lateral-anteior sutures. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 68: 57-66.
  • Meindl, R.S., Lovejoy, C.O., Mensforth, R.P., Walker, R.A., (1985). A revised method of age determination using the os pubis, with a review and tests of accuracy of other current methods of pubic symphyseal aging. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 68, 29-45.
  • Metcalf, P. and Huntington, R. (1991). Celebrations of death (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Omrak, A., Günther, T., Valdiosera, C., Svensson, E.M., Malmström, H., Kiesewetter, H. vd (2016). “ Genomic evidence establishes Anatolia as the source of the European Neolitihic gene pool”. Current Biology 26, 1-6.
  • Özbek, M. (2004). Çayönü’nde İnsan. İstanbul: Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları. Özbek, M. (1998). Human skeletal remains from Aşıklı, A Neolithic village near Aksaray, Turkey. Light on the Black Hill. Ed. G. Arsebük, M.J. Mellink ve W. Schirmer. Ege Yayınları, İstanbul. s. 567-579. Özbek, M. & Erdal, Ö.D. (2006). Anadolu’nun bazı Neolitik ve Kalkolitik topluluklarında bebek ölümleri ve olası nedenleri. Türk Arkeoloji ve Etnoğrafya Dergisi, 6, 41-52.
  • Özdoğan, M. 2008. An alternative approach in tracing changes in demographic composition. In: Neolithic Demographic Transition and its Consequences. JP Bocquet-Appel and O. Bar-Yosef (Eds). Springer, ss. 139-178
  • Özdoğan, M. 2014: The quest for new criteria in defining the emergence and rhe dispersal of neolithic way of life. In: The Neolithic transition in the Mediterranean. C. Manen, T. Perrin and J. Guilaine (Eds.), pp.77-89
  • Parker Pearson, M. (1982). Mortuary practices, society and ideology: an ethnoarchaeological study. In Symbolic and Structural Archaeology, Ian Hodder (Ed.). Cambridge University Press, Cmbridge, p. 99-113.
  • Saxe, A.A. (1970). Social Dimensions of Mortuary Practices. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms.
  • Weiss-Krejci, E. (2011). The formation of mortuary deposits: implications for understanding mortuary behavior of past populations. In Social Bioarchaeology, Ed by S.A. Agarwal and B.A.Glencross,Wiley-Blackwell, UK, p, 68-106.
  • Ubelaker, D.H., (1989). Human skeletal remains (2nd ed.). Smithsonian Institution, Washington. WEA (Workshop of European Anthropologists). (1980). Recommendation for age and sex diagnosis of skeletons. Journal of Human Evolution 9, 517-549.
Year 2017, Volume: 23 Issue: 92, 79 - 98, 01.11.2017

Abstract

References

  • Altuntek, N.S. and Erdal, Y.S. (2013). Sub-adult graves in Şanlıurfa-Turkey: on the concept of childhood. Eurasian Journal of Anthropology 4 (1):1-15.
  • Altuntek, N.S., & Erdal, Y. S. (2014). Bediüzzaman Mezarlığı’nda Ölüm: Toplumsal/Kültürel Görünümler. Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 31(1).
  • Armelagos, G. J., Goodman, A.H., & Jacobs, K.H. (1991). The origins of agriculture: Population growth during a period of declining health. Population & Environment, 13(1), 9-22.
  • Alpaslan-Roodenberg, S. (2008). The Neolithic cemetery, The anthropological view. Ilıpınar excavations 3, 3, 35.
  • Bıçakçı, E., Altınbilek Algül, Ç., Balcı, S., Godon, M. (2007). Tepecik-Çiftlik. In; M. Özdoğan & N. Başgelen (Eds.), Türkiye’de Neolitik Dönem. Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, İstanbul, pp. 237-253. Bıçakçı, E., Godon, M., Çakan, Y.G. (2012). Tepecik-Çiftlik. In The Neolithic in Turkey (Vol 3). M. Özdoğan, N. Başgelen & P. Kuniholm (Eds.). Archaeology and Art Publications, İstanbul, pp.89-134. Binford, L. (1971). Mortuary practices: Their Study and their potential. In Approaches to the Social Dimensions of Mortuary Practices, pp. 6-29. Society for American Archaeology, Washington, D.C.
  • Bocquet-Appel, J.P. 2008. Explaining the neolithic demographic transition. In: Neolithic Demographic Transition and its Consequences. JP Bocquet-Appel and O. Bar-Yosef (Eds). Springer, ss. 35-55.
  • Bocquet-appel, JP & Bar-Yosef, O. (Eds) (2008a): In Neolithic Demographic Transition and its Consequences. Springer
  • Bocquet-appel, JP & Bar-Yosef, O. (2008b). Prehistoric demography in a time of globalization. In Neolithic Demographic Transition and its Consequences. JP Bocquet-Appel and O. Bar-Yosef (Eds). Springer, ss. 1-10.
  • Broushaki, F., Thomas, M.G., Link, V., Lopez, S., van Dorp, L., Kirsanov, K. vd. (2016). Early Neolithic genomes from the eastern Fertile Crescent. Science DOI: 10.1126/science. aaf7943
  • Buikstra, J.E. & Ubelaker, D.H., 1994. Standards for data collection from human skeletal Büyükkarakaya, A.M., Erdal, Y.S., Özbek, M., 2009. Tepecik/Çiftlik İnsanlarının Antropolojik Açıdan Değerlendirilmesi. Arkeometri Sonuçları Toplantısı 24, 119-138. Carr, C. (1995). Mortuary Practices: Their social, philosophical-religious, circumstantial, and physical determinants. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, Vol. 2, No. 2: 105- 200. Chapman, R. (2013). Death, Burial, and Social Representation. In The Oxford Handbook of The Archaeology of Death and Burial. S. Tarlow and L. Nilsson Stutz. Oxford University Press, Oxford, p. 47-57.
  • Duday, H. (2009). The archaeology of dead, Lectures in archaeothanatology. Oxbow books, Oxford.
  • Ellison, P.T., Bogin, B., & O'Rourke, M.T. (2012). Demography Part 2: Population Growth and Fertility Regulation. Human Biology: An Evolutionary and Biocultural Perspective, Second Edition, 757-803.
  • Erdal, Y.S. (2000). Eski Anadolu toplumlarında çocuk sağlığı ve hastalıkları. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 43: 5-19.
  • Erdal, Y.S. (2009). Bademağacı Erken Neolitik İnsanları. 24. Arkeometri Sonuçları Toplantısı, 97-117. Fernandez E, Perez-Perez A, Gamba C, Prats E, Cuesta P, vd. (2014). Ancient DNA Analysis of 8000 B.C. Near Eastern Farmers Supports an Early Neolithic Pioneer Maritime Colonization of Mainland Europe through Cyprus and the Aegean Islands. PLoS Genet 10(6), e1004401.
  • Goodman, A.H., Thomas, R.B., Swedlund, A.C. & G.J. Armalagos, G.J. (1988). Biocultural Perspectives on Stres in Prehistoric, Historic, and Contemporary Population Research. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 31: 169-202.
  • Hodder, I. (1982). The identification and interpretation of ranking in prehistory: a contextual perspective. In Ranking, resource and Exchange. C. Renfrew and S. Shennan (Eds.).Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p.150-154.
  • Hofmanová, Z., Kreutzer, S., Hellenthal, G., Sell, C., Diekmann, Y., Díez-del-Molino, D. 2016. Early farmers from across Europe directly descended from Neolithic Aegeans. PNAS 113 (25) DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1523951113
  • H.Ü.N.E.E. (Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü) (2014). 2013 Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü, TC Kalkınma Bakanlığı ve TÜBİTAK, Ankara, Türkiye, 1.
  • Jackes, M. 2011. Representativeness and bias in archaeological skeletal samples. In: S.C. Agarwal and B.A. Glencross (eds), Social Bioarchaeology 107-146 . Oxford: Wiley- Blackwell.
  • Kılınç, G.M., Omrak, A., Özer, F., Günther, T., Büyükkarakaya, A.M., Bıçakçı, E. vd .(2016). The Demographic Development of the First Farmers in Anatolia. Current Biology, 26, 1-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.07.057 Krogman, W.M., İşcan, M.Y., 1986. The Human Skeleton in Forensic Medicine. Charles C. Thomas, Illionis Larsen, C.S. (2015). Bioarchaeology: interpreting behavior from the human skeleton (Vol. 69). Cambridge University Press.
  • Larsen, C.S., Hillson, S.W., Boz, B., Pilloud, M.A., Sadvari, J.W., Agarwal, S.C., Glencross, B., Beauchesne, P., Pearson, J., Ruff, C.B., Garofalo, E.M., Hager, L.D., Haddow, S.D. and Knüsel, C.J. (2015). Bioarchaeology of neolithic Çatalhöyük: Lives and lifestyles of an early farming society in transition. Journal of World History 28:27-68.
  • Lewis, M.E. (2007). Bioarchaeology of children. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. Lazaridis, I, Nadel, D., Rollefson, G., Merret, D.C., Rohland, N., Mallick, S. 2016. Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East. Nature doi:10.1038/nature19310
  • Loth, S.R., İşcan, M.Y., (1989). Morphological assesment of age in the adult: The thoracic region.. In; İşcan, M.Y. (Ed.), Age Markers in the Human Skeleton. Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Illionis, pp. 105-135.
  • Lovejoy, C.O., Meındl, R.S., Pryzbeck, T.R., Meinsforth, R.P., (1985). Chronological metamorphosis of the auricular surface of the ilium: a new method for the determination of adult skeletal age at death. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 68, 15-28 Martin, D.L., Harrod, R.P., Perez, V.R. (2013). Bioarchaeology, an integratedapproach to working with human remains. Springer, New York.
  • Mathieson, I., Lazaridis, I., Rohland, N., Malşick, S., Patterson, N., Alpaslan Roodenberg, S. Vd. (2015). “Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians”. Nature, vol. 528, 299-503. Meindl, R.S., Love joy, C.O., (1985). Ectocranial Suture Closure: a revised method for the determination of skeletal age at the death based on the lateral-anteior sutures. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 68: 57-66.
  • Meindl, R.S., Lovejoy, C.O., Mensforth, R.P., Walker, R.A., (1985). A revised method of age determination using the os pubis, with a review and tests of accuracy of other current methods of pubic symphyseal aging. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 68, 29-45.
  • Metcalf, P. and Huntington, R. (1991). Celebrations of death (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Omrak, A., Günther, T., Valdiosera, C., Svensson, E.M., Malmström, H., Kiesewetter, H. vd (2016). “ Genomic evidence establishes Anatolia as the source of the European Neolitihic gene pool”. Current Biology 26, 1-6.
  • Özbek, M. (2004). Çayönü’nde İnsan. İstanbul: Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları. Özbek, M. (1998). Human skeletal remains from Aşıklı, A Neolithic village near Aksaray, Turkey. Light on the Black Hill. Ed. G. Arsebük, M.J. Mellink ve W. Schirmer. Ege Yayınları, İstanbul. s. 567-579. Özbek, M. & Erdal, Ö.D. (2006). Anadolu’nun bazı Neolitik ve Kalkolitik topluluklarında bebek ölümleri ve olası nedenleri. Türk Arkeoloji ve Etnoğrafya Dergisi, 6, 41-52.
  • Özdoğan, M. 2008. An alternative approach in tracing changes in demographic composition. In: Neolithic Demographic Transition and its Consequences. JP Bocquet-Appel and O. Bar-Yosef (Eds). Springer, ss. 139-178
  • Özdoğan, M. 2014: The quest for new criteria in defining the emergence and rhe dispersal of neolithic way of life. In: The Neolithic transition in the Mediterranean. C. Manen, T. Perrin and J. Guilaine (Eds.), pp.77-89
  • Parker Pearson, M. (1982). Mortuary practices, society and ideology: an ethnoarchaeological study. In Symbolic and Structural Archaeology, Ian Hodder (Ed.). Cambridge University Press, Cmbridge, p. 99-113.
  • Saxe, A.A. (1970). Social Dimensions of Mortuary Practices. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms.
  • Weiss-Krejci, E. (2011). The formation of mortuary deposits: implications for understanding mortuary behavior of past populations. In Social Bioarchaeology, Ed by S.A. Agarwal and B.A.Glencross,Wiley-Blackwell, UK, p, 68-106.
  • Ubelaker, D.H., (1989). Human skeletal remains (2nd ed.). Smithsonian Institution, Washington. WEA (Workshop of European Anthropologists). (1980). Recommendation for age and sex diagnosis of skeletons. Journal of Human Evolution 9, 517-549.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Anthropology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ali Metin Büyükkarakaya

Publication Date November 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 23 Issue: 92

Cite

APA Büyükkarakaya, A. M. (2017). TEPECİK-ÇİFTLİK NEOLİTİK TOPLULUĞUNUN DEMOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLERİ. Folklor/Edebiyat, 23(92), 79-98.

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