Abstract
Ekonomilerdeki gelişmeler, daha fazla enerji tüketim ihtiyacı doğurmaktadır. Yenilenebilir olmayan enerji kaynakları yüksek miktarda karbon emisyonları üretmektedir. Küresel ısınma kaygıları ile birlikte, sera gazı emisyonlarının azaltılması bir önceliktir. Araştırma sorusu karbon emisyonlarının azaltılmasında rüzgar enerjisinin ne kadar etkin olduğudur. Bu makalede kullanılan değişkenler rüzgar enerjisi üretim kapasitesi, rüzgar enerjisi tüketiminin birincil enerji tüketimine oranı, rüzgar enerjisi üretiminin toplam enerji tüketimine oranı, reel gayri safi milli hasıla ve toplam nüfustur. Sonuçlara göre; rüzgar enerjisi tüketiminin birincil enerji tüketimine oranı karbon emisyonlarını azaltmaktadır. Araştırmadaki 33 ülke karbon emisyonları ortalamanın üzerinde olanlar ve karbon emisyonları ortalamanın altında olanlar olarak ikiye bölünmüştür. Bu etki karbon emisyonları ortalamanın üzerinde olan ülkeler için daha belirgindir. Gayrisafi milli hasıla karbon emisyonlarında anlamlı, nüfus ise anlamsızdır. Kısa dönemli sonuçlara göre; rüzgar enerjisi üretim kapasitesi istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildir. Rüzgar enerjisi üretiminin toplam enerji tüketimine oranı için katsayı tahmini tüm ülkeler için negatiftir ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır. Rüzgar enerjisi tüketiminin birincil enerji tüketimine oranı karbon emisyonlarını azaltmaktadır. Sonuçlar literatürle tutarlıdır. Yenilenebilir enerji üzerine, özellikle rüzgar enerjisi ile ilgili teşviklerin artırılması, çevreye duyarlı ve fizıbil yatırımlar için faydalı olacaktır.
References
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Abstract
The advances in economies require the need to consume more energy. Non-renewable energy resources produce high amount of carbon emissions. With global warning concerns, reducing greenhouse gas emissions is priority. The research question is how effective wind energy is for reducing carbon emissions. This study includes a panel data analysis to test the effect of wind energy on carbon emissions. The variables used in this article are installed capacity of wind energy production, the ratio of wind energy consumption to primary energy consumption, and the ratio of wind energy production to total electricity consumption, real GDP and total population. According to the results, the increase in the ratio of wind energy consumption to primary energy consumption reduces carbon emissions. There are 33 countries available in this research which are divided into two categories; countries with higher than average and countries with lower than average. The effect is more significant for countries with higher than average carbon emissions. GDP is significant for carbon emissions but population is not significant according to the results. According to short run results, Installed capacity of wind energy production is not statistically significant. Coefficient estimation for the ratio of wind energy production to total electricity consumption is negative and statistically significant for all countries. The ratio of wind energy consumption to primary energy consumption reduces carbon emissions. The results are consistent with the literature. More incentives for renewable energy and wind energy in particular, would be beneficial for environmentally and economically sound investments.
Keywords
References
- Abolhosseini S., Heshmati A., Altmann J. (2014), A Review of Renewable Energy Supply and Energy Efficiency Technologies, IZA, 8145, 3.
- Akpan U.P. and Akpan G.E. (2012), The Contribution of Energy Consumption to Climate Change: A Feasible Policy Direction, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2:1, 21.
- Al-Mamory L. F. K. (2017). Feasibility Assessment and GHG Analysis For A 75mwh Wind Energy Project In Iraq. Masters Thesis University of Turkish Aeronautical Association, Ankara.
- Anser M.K., Hanif I., Alharthi M., and Chaudry I.S. (2020), Impact of fossil fuels, renewable energy consumption and industrial growth on carbon emissions in Latin American and Caribbean economies, Atmosfera, 33(3), 201.
- Ates T. (2007). Feasibility study of wind energy power plant in Trakya Region, Master’s Thesis, İstanbul Commerce University, Istanbul.
- Bond, S. and Eberhardt, M. (2013). Accounting for Unobserved Heterogeneity in Panel Time Series Models. Nuffield Collage, University of Oxford, Mimeo.
- BP Statistical Review of World Energy (2021), https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2021-full-report.pdf
- Dllanchev A., Nuta F., Khan I. and Khan H. (2023), Urbanization, renewable energy production, and carbon dioxide emission in BSEC member states: implications for climate change mitigation and energy markets, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 67338.
- Eberhardt, M., and F. Teal. 2010. Productivity analysis in global manufacturing production. Discussion Paper 515, Department of Economics, University of Oxford.
- Gujarati, D.N. and Porter, D.C. (2009). Basic Ekonometrics, 5th Edition, The McGraw-Hill-Irwin, New York.
- Guney T. (2021): Solar energy and sustainable development: evidence from 35 countries, International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 6.
- Guney T. and Ustundag E., Wind energy and CO2 emissions: AMG estimations for selected countries, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 11.
- Hamamcıoğlu V. (2010). Technical / Economic Analysis of Electricity Production from wind energy. Master’s Thesis. Yildiz Technical University.
- Kaplan Donmez N.F. (2023), Taxation and Incentives in Renewable Energy Investments, Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 22:85, 241.
- Karataş O. (2020). Economic Analysis of Wind Energy Sites to be installed in Eskisehir. Master’s Thesis. Technical University of Eskisehir.
- Kurşun, B. Öztaş, H. and Kuzgun, H. (2019). A Study on Wind Energy and Environmental Effects: The Case of Kesan, International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences, 1, 41-47.
- Mathew, S. (2006) Wind Energy: Fundamentals, Resource Analysis, and Economics. Springer, Vol. 1, Heidelberg.
- Mello G., Dias M.F., Robaina M .(2020). Wind farms life cycle assessment review: CO2 emissions and climate change, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 6, 218.
- Mukhtarov, S.; Aliyev, F.;Aliyev, J.; and Ajayi, R. Renewable Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions Evidence from an Oil-Rich Economy, Sustainability, 15, 1.
- Panwar N.L., Kaushik S.C., and Kothari S. (2011), Role of renewable energy sources in environmental protection: A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15, 1513.
- Parlak A. (2012), The effect of Energy Costs on Production: A study in Elazig, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul.
- Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross‐Section Dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, S. 22, 265-312.
- Peseran M. and Yamagata T. (2008). Testing slope homogeneity in large panels, Journal of Econometrics, 142 (1), 50-93.
- Saidur R., Rahim N.A., Islam M.R., and Solangi K.H. (2011), Environmental impact of wind energy, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15, 2429.
- Westerlund, J. (2007). Testing for Error Correction in Panel Data. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 69, 709-748.
- Zoundi, Z. (2017) CO2 Emissions, Renewable Energy and the Environmental Kuznets Curve, a Panel Cointegration Approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 72, 1074.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Finance |
| Journal Section | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | March 31, 2024 |
| Publication Date | March 31, 2024 |
| Submission Date | August 8, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | February 21, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 9 Issue: 1 |
