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CIVIL DİSOBEDİENCE AS A NON-VIOLENCE METHOD AGAINST SEVERE RESISTANCES

Year 2021, Issue: 31, 153 - 170, 12.05.2021

Abstract

The injustices that have become plural and ambiguous have been tried to be transformed, sometimes by violent acts and sometimes by nonviolent civil disobedience actions. However, civil disobedience used against these injustices that are tried to be corrected is often perceived as a non-violent method that does not use force. In this sense, nonviolence is considered to be passive and unsuccessful compared to acts of violence. However, nonviolence is not a state of non-use of force. Nonviolence is a method that tries to change the other side without using physical force. In this context, in our study, it was discussed that nonviolence is a method that uses force, not purely pacifism and inactivity. At the same time, it is argued that nonviolent actions, which transform the social structure positively and which are welcomed by the social structure, are a more defensible method rather than the violent actions that are reversed by the social structure.

References

  • Ackerman, P., & Kruegler , C., Strategic nonviolent conflict: The Dynamics of People Power in The Twentieth Century, Westport, Praeger, 1994.
  • Altman, N., Ahimsa, Dynamic Compassion, Wheaton, Quest Books, 1980.
  • Arendt, H., Şiddet Üzerine, Çev. B. Peker, İstanbul, İletişim Yayıncılık, 2014.
  • Audi, R., On The Meaning and Justification of Violence, A. Shaffer içinde, Violence Award-Winning Essays in The Council for Philosophical Studies Competition, s. 45-99, New York, David McKay Company, 1971.
  • Balibar, E., Şiddet ve Medenilik, Çev. S. Tamgüç, İstanbul, İletişim Yayınları, 2014.
  • Benjamin, W., Şiddetin Eleştirisi Üzerine, A. Çelebi içinde, Şiddetin Eleştirisi Üzerine, Çev. E. Göztepe, s. 19-42, İstanbul, Metis Yayınları, 2010.
  • Bermeo, N., What The Democratization Literature says—or doesn’t say—About Postwar Democratization, Global Governance, 2(9), 159-77, 2003.
  • Bondurant, J. V., Conquest of Violence: The Gandhian Philosophy of Conflict. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1965.
  • Burrowes, R. J., The Strategy of Nonviolent Defense: A Gandhian Approach, Albany, State University of New York Press, 1996.
  • Chul Han, B., Şiddetin Topolojisi, İstanbul, Metis Yayınları, 2015.
  • Chenoweth, E., & Stephan, M., Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict, International Security, 33(1), 7-44, 2008.
  • Chenoweth, E., & Stephan, M., Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict, New York, Columbia University Press, 2011.
  • Cohen, C., Civil Disobedience and The Law, Rutgers Law Review, 21(1), 1-17, 1966.
  • Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F., A Thousand Plateaus. Çev. Ç. B. Massumi, London, University of Minnesota Press, 1987.
  • Diwakar, R. R., Satyagraha: The Power of Truth. Hinsdale, Henry Regenery Co, 1948.
  • Eisenhower, S. M., To Establish Justice, To Insure Domestic Tranquility: The Final Report of the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence, Washington, United States Government Printing Office, 1969.
  • Erica Chenoweth, M. J., Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict, International Security, 33(1), 7-44, 2008. Fanon, F., Yeryüzünün Lanetlileri, Çev. Ş. Süer, istanbul, Versus Kitap, 2017.
  • Mahatma Gandhi: https://www.mkgandhi.org/ adresinden alındı, (14.02.2019).
  • Glick, W., The Writings of Henry David Thoreau, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1973.
  • Gregg, R., The Power of Nonviolence, Canton, Maine, Greenleaf Books, 1960.
  • Harding, W., The Variorum Civil Disobedience, New York, Twayne Publishers, 1967.
  • Holmes, R. L., Violence and nonviolence, A. Shaffer içinde, Violence: Award-winning Essays in the Council for Philosophical Studies Competition (s. 101-135). New York, David McKay Company, 1971.
  • King, M., Why We Can't Wait, New York, Harper and Row, 1963
  • Martin, B., How Nonviolence is Misrepresented, Review Article, 30(2), 235-257, 2008.
  • Mayton, D. M., Nonviolence and Peace Psychology, New York, Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg, 2009.
  • Nakhre, A. W., Social Psychology of Nonviolent Action: A Study of Three Satyagrahas, Delhi, Chanakya Publications, 1982.
  • Pelton, L. H., The Psychology of Nonviolence, New York, Pergamon Press, 1974.
  • Puner, N. W., “Civil Disobedience: An Analysis and Rationale”, New York University Law Review, (43), 651-720, 1968.
  • Sharp, G., The politics of Nonviolent Action, Boston, Porter Sargent Books, 1973.
  • Sharp, G., Gandhi as Political Strategist, Boston, Porter Sargent Books, 1979.
  • Sharp, G., The role of Power in Nonviolent Struggle, Monograph Series Number 3, Cambridge, The Albert Einstein Institute, 1990.
  • Sorel, G., Reflections on Violence, Cambridge, Cambrıdge Universıty Press, 2004.
  • Teichman, J., Pacifism and Just War: A Study of Applied Philosophy, New York, Basil Blackwell, 1986.
  • Thoreau, H. D., Resistance to Civil Government, NY, Aesthetic Papers, 1849.
  • Yoder, J. H., Nevertheless: Varieties of Religious Pacifism, Scottsdale, Herald Press, 1992.

ŞİDDETLİ DİRENİŞLERE KARŞI ŞİDDETSİZ BİR YÖNTEM OLARAK SİVİL İTAATSİZLİK

Year 2021, Issue: 31, 153 - 170, 12.05.2021

Abstract

Çoğullaşan ve muğlaklaşan haksızlıklar bazen şiddet içeren eylemlerle bazen de şiddetsiz sivil itaatsizlik eylemleri ile dönüştürülmeye çalışılmıştır. Ancak düzeltilmeye çalışılan bu haksızlıklarda kullanılan sivil itaatsizlik, çoğu zaman güç kullanmayan şiddetsiz bir yöntem olarak algılanmaktadır. Bu anlamda şiddetsizliğin, şiddet kullanan eylemlere göre pasif ve başarısız olduğu düşünülür. Ancak şiddetsizlik, bir güç kullanmama durumu değildir. Şiddetsizlik, fiziksel bir güç kullanmadan karşı tarafı değiştirmeye çalışan bir yöntemdir. Bu bağlamda çalışmamızda şiddetsizliğin tamamen bir pasifizm ve hareketsizlik olmadığını güç kullanan bir yöntem olduğu ele alınmıştır. Aynı zamanda toplumsal yapı tarafından ters tepilen şiddet içeren eylemlerden ziyade toplumsal yapıyı pozitif bir şekilde dönüştüren ve toplumsal yapının olumlu karşıladığı şiddetsiz eylemlerin daha savunulabilir bir yöntem olduğu tartışılmaktadır.

References

  • Ackerman, P., & Kruegler , C., Strategic nonviolent conflict: The Dynamics of People Power in The Twentieth Century, Westport, Praeger, 1994.
  • Altman, N., Ahimsa, Dynamic Compassion, Wheaton, Quest Books, 1980.
  • Arendt, H., Şiddet Üzerine, Çev. B. Peker, İstanbul, İletişim Yayıncılık, 2014.
  • Audi, R., On The Meaning and Justification of Violence, A. Shaffer içinde, Violence Award-Winning Essays in The Council for Philosophical Studies Competition, s. 45-99, New York, David McKay Company, 1971.
  • Balibar, E., Şiddet ve Medenilik, Çev. S. Tamgüç, İstanbul, İletişim Yayınları, 2014.
  • Benjamin, W., Şiddetin Eleştirisi Üzerine, A. Çelebi içinde, Şiddetin Eleştirisi Üzerine, Çev. E. Göztepe, s. 19-42, İstanbul, Metis Yayınları, 2010.
  • Bermeo, N., What The Democratization Literature says—or doesn’t say—About Postwar Democratization, Global Governance, 2(9), 159-77, 2003.
  • Bondurant, J. V., Conquest of Violence: The Gandhian Philosophy of Conflict. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1965.
  • Burrowes, R. J., The Strategy of Nonviolent Defense: A Gandhian Approach, Albany, State University of New York Press, 1996.
  • Chul Han, B., Şiddetin Topolojisi, İstanbul, Metis Yayınları, 2015.
  • Chenoweth, E., & Stephan, M., Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict, International Security, 33(1), 7-44, 2008.
  • Chenoweth, E., & Stephan, M., Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict, New York, Columbia University Press, 2011.
  • Cohen, C., Civil Disobedience and The Law, Rutgers Law Review, 21(1), 1-17, 1966.
  • Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F., A Thousand Plateaus. Çev. Ç. B. Massumi, London, University of Minnesota Press, 1987.
  • Diwakar, R. R., Satyagraha: The Power of Truth. Hinsdale, Henry Regenery Co, 1948.
  • Eisenhower, S. M., To Establish Justice, To Insure Domestic Tranquility: The Final Report of the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence, Washington, United States Government Printing Office, 1969.
  • Erica Chenoweth, M. J., Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict, International Security, 33(1), 7-44, 2008. Fanon, F., Yeryüzünün Lanetlileri, Çev. Ş. Süer, istanbul, Versus Kitap, 2017.
  • Mahatma Gandhi: https://www.mkgandhi.org/ adresinden alındı, (14.02.2019).
  • Glick, W., The Writings of Henry David Thoreau, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1973.
  • Gregg, R., The Power of Nonviolence, Canton, Maine, Greenleaf Books, 1960.
  • Harding, W., The Variorum Civil Disobedience, New York, Twayne Publishers, 1967.
  • Holmes, R. L., Violence and nonviolence, A. Shaffer içinde, Violence: Award-winning Essays in the Council for Philosophical Studies Competition (s. 101-135). New York, David McKay Company, 1971.
  • King, M., Why We Can't Wait, New York, Harper and Row, 1963
  • Martin, B., How Nonviolence is Misrepresented, Review Article, 30(2), 235-257, 2008.
  • Mayton, D. M., Nonviolence and Peace Psychology, New York, Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg, 2009.
  • Nakhre, A. W., Social Psychology of Nonviolent Action: A Study of Three Satyagrahas, Delhi, Chanakya Publications, 1982.
  • Pelton, L. H., The Psychology of Nonviolence, New York, Pergamon Press, 1974.
  • Puner, N. W., “Civil Disobedience: An Analysis and Rationale”, New York University Law Review, (43), 651-720, 1968.
  • Sharp, G., The politics of Nonviolent Action, Boston, Porter Sargent Books, 1973.
  • Sharp, G., Gandhi as Political Strategist, Boston, Porter Sargent Books, 1979.
  • Sharp, G., The role of Power in Nonviolent Struggle, Monograph Series Number 3, Cambridge, The Albert Einstein Institute, 1990.
  • Sorel, G., Reflections on Violence, Cambridge, Cambrıdge Universıty Press, 2004.
  • Teichman, J., Pacifism and Just War: A Study of Applied Philosophy, New York, Basil Blackwell, 1986.
  • Thoreau, H. D., Resistance to Civil Government, NY, Aesthetic Papers, 1849.
  • Yoder, J. H., Nevertheless: Varieties of Religious Pacifism, Scottsdale, Herald Press, 1992.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Philosophy
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Murat Bayram 0000-0002-4768-8282

Muhammet Hanifi Macit

Publication Date May 12, 2021
Submission Date November 28, 2020
Acceptance Date April 9, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 31

Cite

Chicago Bayram, Murat, and Muhammet Hanifi Macit. “ŞİDDETLİ DİRENİŞLERE KARŞI ŞİDDETSİZ BİR YÖNTEM OLARAK SİVİL İTAATSİZLİK”. FLSF Felsefe Ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 31 (May 2021): 153-70.

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