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Avrupa Birliği ve ASEAN Çerçevesinde Ekonomik Entegrasyonların Türkiye’nin Teknoloji Transferine Etkisi

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 45, 25.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1118304

Abstract

Ülkeler açısından ekonomik entegrasyonlar, pazar ve piyasa bütünleşmesine, milli gelirin artışına, ekonomik kutuplaşmalardan korunmasına ve teknolojik yayılıma imkân sağlamasından dolayı büyük önem taşımaktadır. Ülkeler açısından önemli bir diğer konu ise teknolojik dönüşümü sağlayarak teknoloji kapasitelerini yükseltmektir. Teknolojik kapasiteyi arttırmanın literatürde iki alternatifi bulunmaktadır. Birinci alternatif Ar-Ge faaliyetlerine yoğunlaşarak kendi teknoloji üretimini sağlamak, ikincisi ve en çok tercih edilen yöntem olarak teknolojiyi transfer etmektir. Bu nedenle günümüz uluslararası rekabet ortamında ülkeler açısından önemli olan ekonomik entegrasyon ve teknolojik dönüşüm arasındaki karşılıklı ilişkiden, ekonomik entegrasyonların teknoloji transferine olan etkisinin tespit edilmesi araştırma konusu olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma konusu çerçevesinde Türkiye’nin entegrasyonlar yoluyla yapmış olduğu teknoloji transferine ve ülke içindeki yüksek teknoloji üretimine, AB ve ASEAN entegrasyonlarının etkilerinin incelenmesi çalışmamızın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın analiz kısmında 1996-2021 yıllarını kapsayan Türkiye, Avrupa Birliği (AB) ve ASEAN’a ait veriler kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacına uygun yöntem olarak Peseran, Shin ve Smith (2001) ARDL sınır testi yaklaşımı belirlenmiştir. Analiz sonucunda Avrupa Birliği (AB) ve ASEAN açısından kısa ve uzun dönemde anlamlı ve pozitif sonuçların elde edilmiş ve ekonomik entegrasyonlar arasında AB’nin Türkiye’deki teknoloji kapasitesinin arttırılması noktasında katkısının daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca analizden çıkan bir başka sonuç da her iki entegrasyondan sağlanan doğrudan yabancı yatırımlarının (DYY) ve yüksek teknoloji ithalatının Türkiye’nin teknoloji seviyesine katkı yaptığı tespit edilmiştir.

References

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The Effect of Economic Integrations in The European Union and ASEAN Framework on Turkey's Technology Transfer

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 45, 25.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1118304

Abstract

For countries, economic integration is of great importance as it enables market and market integration, increase of national income, protection from economic polarization and technological diffusion. Another important issue for countries is to increase their technology capacities by providing technological transformation. There are two alternatives in the literature to increase technological capacity. The first alternative is to concentrate on R&D activities and to produce its own technology, and the second and most preferred method is to transfer technology. For this reason, determining the effect of economic integrations on technology transfer from the mutual relationship between economic integration and technological transformation, which is important for countries in today's international competitive environment, has been evaluated as a research topic. The aim of our study is to examine the effects of EU and ASEAN integrations on Turkey's technology transfer through integrations and high technology production within the country within the framework of the research subject. In the analysis part of the study, data from Turkey, European Union (EU) and ASEAN covering the years 1996-2021 were used. Peseran, Shin and Smith (2001) ARDL limit test approach was determined as the method suitable for the purpose of the study. As a result of the analysis, significant and positive results have been obtained in the short and long term for the European Union (EU) and ASEAN, and it has been determined that the EU has a greater contribution to increasing the technology capacity in Turkey among economic integrations. In addition, another result from the analysis is that foreign direct investments (FDI) and high technology imports from both integrations have contributed to the technology level of Turkey.

References

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  • Baffes, J. and Shah, A. (1998). Productivity of Public Spending, Sectoral Allocation Choices and Economic Growth, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 46, 291–303.
  • Balassa, B. (1961). ‘’The Theory of Economic Integration ‘’ Printed in Great Britain by offset into at Taylor Garnett Evans& Co. Ltd Watford, Herts.
  • Baldwin, R. E. (1997). The Causes of Regionalism, Blackwell Publishers Ltd 1997, 108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK and 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA.
  • Barney, J. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17, 99- 120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
  • Becker, B. and Gerhart, B. (1996). The Impact of Human Resource Management Onorganizational Performance: Progress and Prospects. Academy of Management Journal, 39, 779-801. https://doi.org/10.2307/256712
  • Benoit, E. (1973). Defense and Economic Growth in Developing Countries, D.C. Heath & Company, Boston. https://doi.org/10.1086/451015
  • Bontis, N. and Fitz-enz, J. (2002). Intellectual Capital ROI: A Causal Map of Human Capital Antecedents and Consequents, Journal of Intellectual Capital 3(3):223-247. https://doi.org/0.1108/14691930210435589
  • Buckley, P.T., Cleg, J., Forsons, N. and Reily, K.T. (2003) Evolution of FDI in the United States in the Context of Trade Liberalization and Regionalization, Journal of Business Research 56(2003), 853-857
  • Ciruelos, A. and Wang M. (2005). “International Technology Diffusion: Effects of Trade and FDI”, Atlantic Economic Journal, 33, 437–449. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/ 10.1007 /s11293-005-2871-1.pdf
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  • Damijan, J. P., Knell M., Majcen B. and Rojec M. (2003). “The Role of FDI, R&D Accumulation and Trade in Transferring Technology to Transition Countries: Evidence from Firm Panel Data for Eight Transition Countries”, Economic Systems, 27, 189–204. https://doi.org/ 10. 1016 /S0939-3625(03)00039-6
  • Demirtaş G. ve Aktop V. S. (2018). Türkiye’de Teknoloji Transferinin İçselleştirilmesi Üzerine Ampirik Bir Çalışma, Ekonomik Yaklaşım 2018, 29(108): 69-103. https://acikerisim.aku.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/11630/7361
  • Engelbrecht, H. J. (1997). International R&D Spillovers, Human Capital and Productivity in OECD Economies: A Emprical İnvestigation, European Economic Review 41 (1997). https://www.academia.edu/811880/International_R_and_D_spillovers_human_capital_and_productivity_in_OECD_economies_An_empirical_investigation?from=cover_page
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  • Erdem, E ve Köseoğlu, A. (2014) Teknolojik Değişim ve Reakabet Gücü İlişkisi: Türkiye Üzerine Bir Uygulama, Bilgi Ekonomisi ve Yönetim Dergisi, Cilt: IX, Sayı: I
  • Eren, H. ve Kılıç A. ve Balcı H. (2015), Savunma Sanayii İçin Teknoloji Transfer Yöntemi Seçimi,Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 20 (4), 305-326. https://iibfdergi.sdu.edu.tr/assets/uploads/sites/352/files/yil-2015-cilt-20-sayi-4-yazi16-18122015.pdf
  • Fracasso, A. and Marzetti G. V. (2015). International Trade and R&D Spillovers, Journal of International Economics, 96, 138–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2015.01.010
  • Frame, J.D (1983) International Business and Global Tachnology, Lexington Books
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Bahadır Murat Çakmaklı 0000-0002-7390-0056

Aykut Şarkgüneşi 0000-0002-3816-1550

Publication Date January 25, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çakmaklı, B. M., & Şarkgüneşi, A. (2023). Avrupa Birliği ve ASEAN Çerçevesinde Ekonomik Entegrasyonların Türkiye’nin Teknoloji Transferine Etkisi. Fiscaoeconomia, 7(1), 1-45. https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1118304

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