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PLASTİK ATIKLAR VE SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK: TÜRKİYE’DE PLASTİK ATIK YÖNETİMİ

Year 2023, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 36 - 55, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.46849/guiibd.1403473

Abstract

Plastik kullanımı, maliyet avantajı, esneklik ve dayanıklılık gibi faktörlerin etkisiyle bireyden küresele her alanda yaygınlaşmaktadır. Bu yönüyle plastiklerin insan hayatını kolaylaştırdığı doğrudur, ancak plastiklerin ekosisteme yüklediği zararlar hızla artarak devam etmektedir. Çünkü plastik atıklar uzun süre doğada çözünmediğinden çevrede birikerek döngüsel ekonomiyi olumsuz etkilemektedir. Plastik atık birikiminin çevreye verdiği zararlar ve plastik atıkların yönetimsel boşlukları plastik atık yönetimini giderek zorlaştırmaktadır.
Bu bağlamda plastik atık yönetim sorununa katkı sağlayacak değerlendirmenin ve muhtemel çözüm önerilerinin, çevre ile ilgili küresel anlaşmalar, beş yıllık kalkınma planları ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma amaçlarıyla (SKA) ilişkilendirilerek ortaya konulması önemli hâle gelmektedir.
Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada, plastik atık yönetim sorunu ve çözüm önerileri, uluslararası anlaşmalar, beş yıllık kalkınma planları ve SKA açısından değerlendirilecektir.

References

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PLASTIC WASTE AND SUSTAINABILITY: PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT IN TURKEY

Year 2023, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 36 - 55, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.46849/guiibd.1403473

Abstract

The use of plastic is becoming widespread in every field, from individual to global, under the influence of factors such as cost advantage, flexibility, and durability. In this respect, plastics indeed make human life easier, but the damage caused by plastics to the ecosystem continues to increase rapidly. Because plastic waste does not decompose in nature for a long time, it accumulates in the environment and negatively affects the circular economy. The environmental damage caused by plastic waste accumulation and the administrative gap of plastic waste makes plastic waste management increasingly difficult.
In this context, it becomes important to put forward the evaluation and possible solution suggestions that will contribute to the plastic waste management problem by associating it with global environmental agreements, five-year development plans, and sustainable development goals (SDGs).
Therefore, in this study, the plastic waste management problem and solution suggestions will be evaluated in terms of international agreements, five-year development plans, and SDGs.

References

  • Akbaş, O. ve Özdemir, S. M. (2002), “Avrupa Birliğinde Yaşam Boyu Öğrenme,” Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 155-156, 1-12.
  • Amato, J. A. (2013). Plastic: A Toxic Love Story. By Susan Freinkel (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2011. 324 pp.), Journal of Social History, 46(3): 811–814. https://doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shs055
  • Birleşik Krallık Hükümeti (2020). Policy paper Carrier bags: why there’s a charge. https://www.gov.uk/ government/publications/single-use-plastic-carrier-bags-why-were-introducing-the-charge/carrierbags-why-theres-a-5p-charge, (Erişim Tarihi: 14.11.2023).
  • EURONEWS (2022). BM'den Plastik Kirliliğine Karşı İddialı Adım. https://tr.euronews.com/2022/03/03/bm-den-plastik-kirliligine-kars-iddial-ad-m-uluslararas-sozlesme-2024-te-imzaya-ac-lacak (Erişim Tarihi: 19.09.2023).
  • Bouwmeester, H. P., Hollman, C., & Peters, R. J. (2015). Potential health impacts of environmental released micro- and nanoplastics in the human food chain production chain: experiences from nanotoxicity. Environmental Science & Technology, 49(15), 8932-8947.
  • Brandsch, J., & Piringer, O. (2008). Characteristics of plastic materials. In: Plastic packaging. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, 15–61. doi: 10.1002/9783527621422.ch2
  • Briggs, H. (2022). Plastik krizinin çözümü için umut doğdu. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-60599536 (Erişim Tarihi: 21.10.2023).
  • Bruvoll, A., & Medin, H. (2003). Factors behind the Environmental Kuznets Curve a Decomposition of the Changes in Air Pollution. Environmental and Resource Economics, 24, 27–48.
  • Carbery, M., O'Connor, W., & Palanisami, T. (2018). Trophic transfer of microplastics and mixed contaminants in the marine food web and implications for human health. Environment International, 119, 400-409.
  • Coimbra, F. (2020). The triple planetary crisis: Forging a new relationship between people and the earth. https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/speech/triple-planetary-crisis-forging-new-relationship-between-people-and-earth?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAiA9ourBhAVEiwA3L5RFr9AVq7eMbgUw-thYBAMIbIti3qnigbw6K37031DJu7uRKAS-b9kPxoCB_gQAvD_BwE (Erişim Tarihi: 24.02.2023).
  • Cole, M., Lindeque, P., Fileman, E., Halsband, C., Goodhead, R., Moger, J., & Galloway, T. S. (2013). Microplastic ingestion by zooplankton, Environmental Science & Technology, 47(12), 6646-6655.
  • Dışişleri Bakanlığı, BM İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi. https://www.mfa.gov.tr/bm-iklim-degisikligi-cerceve-sozlesmesi.tr.mfa (Erişim Tarihi: 11.07.2023).
  • Duraiappah, A.K., Xin, Z., & Beukering, P.J.H.V. (2002). Issues in production, recycling and international trade: analysing the Chinese plastic sector using an optimal life cycle (OLC) model. Environment and Development Economics. 7(1):47-74. doi:10.1017/S1355770X02000049
  • Duru, B. (2007). Avrupa Birliği Çevre Politikası. (Ed., Erhan, Çağrı ve Senemoğlu, Deniz). İmaj Yayınevi: Ankara, 280.
  • Eriksen, M., Lebreton, L.C.M., Carson, H.S., Thiel, M., Moore, C.J., Borerro, JbC., et al. (2014). Plastic Pollution in the World's Oceans: More than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250,000 Tons Afloat at Sea. PLoS ONE 9(12), e111913. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111913
  • Euronews (2023). Türkiye'de plastik/polietilen ithalatına getirilen yasak kaldırıldı. https://tr.euronews.com/2021/07/10/turkiye-de-plastik-polietilen-ithalat-na-getirilen-yasak-kald-r-ld (Erişim Tarihi: 11.09.2023).
  • Geyer, R., Jambeck, J. R., & Law, K. L. (2017). Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Science Advances, 3(7), 700782.
  • Görmez, K. (2010), Çevre Sorunları. Nobel Kitabevi, Basım sayısı: 3, Sayfa sayısı:175.
  • Gündoğdu, S. (2022). Atık Oyunları: Geri Dönüşümsüz Hayatlar.
  • https://www.greenpeace.org/turkey/raporlar/rapor-atik-oyunlari-geri-donusumsuz-hayatlar/ (Erişim Tarihi: 14.11.2023).
  • Gündoğdu, S., & Cevik C. (2019). Türkiye’deki Deniz Canlılarındaki Mikroplastik Kirliliği. http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.27136.58888 (Erişim Tarihi: 07.09.2023).
  • Hage, O., Söderholm, P., & Berglund, C. (2009). Norms and economic motivation in household recycling: Empirical evidence from Sweden, Resources. Conservation and Recycling, 53(3), 155-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2008.11.003
  • Hanbay K. E. (2020). Küresel İklim Değişikliğinin Olumlu ve Olumsuz Dışsallıkları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Sayıştay Dergisi (118), 101-131.
  • Hidalgo-Ruz, V., Gutow, L., Thompson, R. C.& Thiel, M. (2012). Microplastics in the marine environment: A review of the methods used for identification and quantification. Environmental Science&Technology, 46(6), 3060–3075.
  • Higashida, K., & Managi, S. (2014). Determinants of trade in recyclable wastes: evidence from commodity-based trade of waste and scrap. Environment and Development Economics, 19(2), 250-270. doi:10.1017/S1355770X13000533
  • Hoornweg, D., & Bhada-Tata, P., (2012). What a Waste: A Global Review of Solid Waste Management. Washington D.C., World Bank. Urban Development & Local Government Unit, No. 15, 98.
  • İklim Değişikliği Başkanlığı (2023). Montreal Protokolü. https://iklim.gov.tr/montreal-protokolu-i-38 (Erişim Tarihi: 14.08.2023).
  • Karlsson, M.T., Dell, J., Gündoğdu, S., & Almroth, B.C., (2023). Plastic Waste Trade: The Hidden Numbers. https://ipen.org/sites/default/files/documents/ipen_plastic_waste_trade_report-final-3digital.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 29.10.2023).
  • Kosuth, M., Mason, S. A., & Wattenberg, E. V. (2018). Anthropogenic contamination of tap water, beer, and sea salt. PloS one, 13(4), e0194970. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194970
  • Krutilla, K. (1991). Environmental regulation in an open economy. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 20 (2): 127-142.
  • Kumar, R.; Verma, A.; Shome, A.; Sinha, R.; Sinha, S.; Kumar Jha, P.; Kumar, R.; Kumar, P.; Shubham; Das, S.; Sharma, P., & Prasad, P.V. (2021). Impacts of Plastic Pollution on Ecosystem Services, Sustainable Development Goals, and Need to Focus on Circular Economy and Policy Interventions. Sustainability, 13, 1-40.
  • Lambert. S., Sinclair, C. J., & Boxall, A. B. A. (2014). Occurrence, degradation and effects of polymerbased materials in the environment. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 227, 1-53. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01327-5_1
  • Lambert S. (2015). Biopolymers and their application as biodegradable plastics. In: Kalia CV (ed) Microbial factories: biodiversity, biopolymers, bioactive molecules, vol 2. Springer India, New Delhi, pp 1–9. doi:10.1007/978-81-3222595-9_1
  • Neyim, C. (2009). Türkiye’de Evsel Nitelikli Atıklar. https://www.tubitak.gov.tr/tubitak_content_files/ vizyon2023/csk/EK-4.pdf. (Erişim Tarihi: 2.11.2023).
  • Nilsson, M., Griggs, D., & Visbeck, M., (2016). Policy: map the interactions between Sustainable Development Goals. Nature, 534(7607), 320–322. 534, 320-322. https://doi.org/10.1038/534320a
  • OECD (2021). OECD Work on Plastics. https://www.oecd.org/environment/plastics/ (Erişim Tarihi: 21.07.2023).
  • Öztürk, M. (2022). AB'nin atık ihracatının ana hedefi Türkiye mi? Independent Türkçe, https://www.indyturk.com/node/517611/t%C3%BCrki%CC%87yeden-sesler/abnin-at%C4%B1k-ihracat%C4%B1n%C4%B1n-ana-hedefi-t%C3%BCrkiye-mi (Erişim Tarihi: 17.11.2023)
  • Parker, L. D. (2020). The COVID-19 office in transition: cost,efficiency and the social responsibility business case. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 33(8), 1943-1967.
  • Paul, B. D. (2008). A history of the concept of sustainable development: Literature review. The Annals of the University of Oradea, 17(2), 577-579.
  • Rochman, C. M., Hoh, E., Kurobe, T., & Teh, S. J. (2013). Ingested plastic transfers hazardous chemicals to fish and induces hepatic stress. Scientific Reports, 3, 3263.
  • Rojas-Fernández A.G., Aguilar-Santelises L., Millán M.C., Aguilar-Santelises M., & García-Del Valle A., (2017).
  • Teaching Chemistry with sustainability, multidisciplinary journal for education, Social And Technological Sciences, 4(1), 102-121.
  • Sayıştay (2007). Türkiye’de Atık Yönetimi, Ankara. https://sayistay.gov.tr/files/889_Cevre_Denetimi_Sayistaylar.pdf (Erişim Tarihi:27.10.2023).
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There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Microeconomics (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Harun Yakışık 0000-0001-9542-1614

Early Pub Date December 25, 2023
Publication Date December 29, 2023
Submission Date December 11, 2023
Acceptance Date December 19, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yakışık, H. (2023). PLASTİK ATIKLAR VE SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK: TÜRKİYE’DE PLASTİK ATIK YÖNETİMİ. Giresun Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 9(2), 36-55. https://doi.org/10.46849/guiibd.1403473
  • Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences