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Sosyal Grup ve Kalıp Yargıların Belirlenmesi: Kalıpyargı İçerik Modeli Kullanımı

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 1018 - 1025, 26.09.2023

Ahmet Temel Fuat Erduğan

https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1275410

Abstract

Kimlikle ilgili sorunların başlattığı çatışmalar, insan yaşamında ve kaynaklarında önemli tahribatlara neden olmaktadır. Çalışmalar, basmakalıp inançların, önyargıların ve ayrımcılığın bu tür bir çatışmayı başlatmada veya şiddetlendirmede katkısının çok büyük olduğunu göstermiştir. Toplumsal gruplar arası çatışmaların daha da yaygınlaştığı günümüzde, toplumsal gruplardaki mevcut kalıp yargılara odaklanan araştırmaların, konunun doğru anlaşılması ve yerinde müdahale mekanizmalarının tasarlanabilmesi açısından önemli katkılarının olacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu durumu göz önüne alarak mevcut çalışmada, Türkiye nüfusu içindeki çeşitli sosyal gruplara atfedilen basmakalıp inançlar belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışma iki farklı aşamadan oluşmaktadır. Çalışma 1, Türkiye popülasyonundaki ilgili sosyal grupları belirlemeye yönelik iken, Çalışma 2’de, Çalışma 1’de tanımlanan gruplar arası kalıpyargı inançlarının boyutları ele alınmıştır. Fiske ve arkadaşlarının fikrini takiben, basmakalıp özellikler sosyal yapısal değişkenin bir fonksiyonu olarak incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, algılanan grupların dört kümeye ayrıldığını göstermektedir. Gruplar yüksek yetkinlik ancak düşük sevecenlik olarak algılanmıştır ve bunun tersi de geçerlidir. Geri kalan iki grup, her iki boyutta da ya düşük yetkinlik ve sevecenlik yada her iki boyutta da yüksek olarak yorumlandı. Akabinde Fiske ile mevcut araştırma mukayese edilerek yakınsama ve farklılık boyutlarında bu dört küme üzerinden tartışma ve karşılaştırma yapılmıştır.

Keywords

Kalıpyargı Yetkinlik Sevecenlik Statü Rekabet.

References

  • 1. Kassin, S, Fein, S, Markus, H.R, McBain, K.A. and Williams, l. (2019). “Social Psychology & New Zealand Edition”. Cengage AU.
  • 2. Laing, R.D. (1990). “The Politics of Experience and The Bird of Paradis”. London/England: Penguin UK.
  • 3. Kaufman, S.J. (2006). “Symbolic Politics or Rational Choice? Testing Theories of Extreme Ethnic Violence. International Security”, 30 (4), 45-86. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec.2006.30.4.45
  • 4. Wicker, A.W. (1969). “Attitudes Versus Actions: The Relationship of Verbal and Overt Behavioral Responses to Attitude Objects”. Journal of Social Issues, 25 (4), 41-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1969.tb00619.x
  • 5. Lippmann, W. (2017). “Public opinion”. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315127736
  • 6. Dovidio, J.F, Brigham, J.C, Johnson, B.T. and Gaertner, S.L. (1996). “Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination: Another Look. Stereotypes and Stereotyping”, 276, 319.
  • 7. Gomez, A. (2002). “If My Group Stereotypes Others, Others Stereotype My Group… and We Know. Concept, Research Lines and Future Perspectives of Meta-Stereotypes”. Revista de Psicología Social, 17 (3), 253-282. https://doi.org/10.1174/0213474026
  • 8. Fiske, S.T. (2015). “Intergroup Biases: a Focus on Stereotype Content”. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 3, 45-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.01.010
  • 9. Mohammadzadeh, H. (2016). “The Causes of Ethnic Conflict in Multi-Ethnic Societies”. 1. World Scientific News, 42, 156.
  • 10. Katz, D. and Braly, K. (1933). “Racial Stereotypes of One Hundred College Students”. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 28 (3), 280-290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0074049
  • 11. Cuddy, A.J, Fiske, S.T. and Glick, P. (2008). “Warmth and Competence As Universal Dimensions of Social Perception: The Stereotype Content Model and The BIAS Map”. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 61-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(07)00002-0
  • 12. Cuddy, A.J, Fiske, S.T. and Glick, P. (2007). “The BIAS map: Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92 (4), 631-648. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.4.631
  • 13. Fiske, S.T, Cuddy, A.J, Glick, P. and Xu, J. (2002). “A model of (often mixed) Stereotype Content: Competence and Warmth Respectively Follow from Perceived Status and Competition”. In: S. Fiske(Ed.) Social Cognition (162-214). Routlege.
  • 14. Kelman, H.C. (1997). “Social-Psychological Dimensions of International Conflict”. In: W. Zartman(Ed.) Peacemaking in International Conflict: Methods and Techniques, 191-237. US Institute of Peace Pres.
  • 15. Steinbach, M, Karypis, G. and Kumar, V. (2000). “A Comparison of Document Clustering Techniques”. in KDD Workshop on Text Mining, 400 (1), 525-526. https://hdl.handle.net/11299/215421
  • 16. Tversky, A. and Kahneman, D. (1973). “Availability: A Heuristic for Judging Frequency and Probability”. Cognitive Psychology, 5 (2), 207-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(73)90033-9

Identifying Social Groups and Stereotypes; Using Stereotype Content Model (Case of Ankara)

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 1018 - 1025, 26.09.2023

Ahmet Temel Fuat Erduğan

https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1275410

Abstract

Conflicts initiated by issues related with identity are causing significant damage in human life and resources. Studies indicated that the contribution of stereotypes beliefs, prejudices and discriminations in either initiating and/or aggravating such conflict is enormous. In this contemporary time, where conflicts between social groups are more prevailing, study which focus on stereotypes exist among social groups have important contribution for understanding the issue in proper manner and designing meaningful intervention mechanism. Holding such ambition in mind, this study focused on identifying stereotypical beliefs attributed to various social groups among Turkey’s population. This study consists two different studies. Study 1 address identifying relevant social groups in Turkey’s population, and study 2 addressed dimensions of stereotypic beliefs between groups identified in study 1. Following the idea of Fiske el al (2002), the stereotypic traits were examined as a function of social structural variable such as status and competition. Result obtained from this study illustrate perceived groups fall into four clusters; groups perceived with high competence but low warmth and vice versa. The rest two groups construed with either low competence and warmth and/or high on both dimensions. Following that, discussion and comparison were drawn on these four clusters in line with convergence and divergence between current result and Fiske’s result.

Keywords

Stereotype Competence Warm Status Competition.

References

  • 1. Kassin, S, Fein, S, Markus, H.R, McBain, K.A. and Williams, l. (2019). “Social Psychology & New Zealand Edition”. Cengage AU.
  • 2. Laing, R.D. (1990). “The Politics of Experience and The Bird of Paradis”. London/England: Penguin UK.
  • 3. Kaufman, S.J. (2006). “Symbolic Politics or Rational Choice? Testing Theories of Extreme Ethnic Violence. International Security”, 30 (4), 45-86. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec.2006.30.4.45
  • 4. Wicker, A.W. (1969). “Attitudes Versus Actions: The Relationship of Verbal and Overt Behavioral Responses to Attitude Objects”. Journal of Social Issues, 25 (4), 41-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1969.tb00619.x
  • 5. Lippmann, W. (2017). “Public opinion”. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315127736
  • 6. Dovidio, J.F, Brigham, J.C, Johnson, B.T. and Gaertner, S.L. (1996). “Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination: Another Look. Stereotypes and Stereotyping”, 276, 319.
  • 7. Gomez, A. (2002). “If My Group Stereotypes Others, Others Stereotype My Group… and We Know. Concept, Research Lines and Future Perspectives of Meta-Stereotypes”. Revista de Psicología Social, 17 (3), 253-282. https://doi.org/10.1174/0213474026
  • 8. Fiske, S.T. (2015). “Intergroup Biases: a Focus on Stereotype Content”. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 3, 45-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.01.010
  • 9. Mohammadzadeh, H. (2016). “The Causes of Ethnic Conflict in Multi-Ethnic Societies”. 1. World Scientific News, 42, 156.
  • 10. Katz, D. and Braly, K. (1933). “Racial Stereotypes of One Hundred College Students”. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 28 (3), 280-290. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0074049
  • 11. Cuddy, A.J, Fiske, S.T. and Glick, P. (2008). “Warmth and Competence As Universal Dimensions of Social Perception: The Stereotype Content Model and The BIAS Map”. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 61-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(07)00002-0
  • 12. Cuddy, A.J, Fiske, S.T. and Glick, P. (2007). “The BIAS map: Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92 (4), 631-648. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.4.631
  • 13. Fiske, S.T, Cuddy, A.J, Glick, P. and Xu, J. (2002). “A model of (often mixed) Stereotype Content: Competence and Warmth Respectively Follow from Perceived Status and Competition”. In: S. Fiske(Ed.) Social Cognition (162-214). Routlege.
  • 14. Kelman, H.C. (1997). “Social-Psychological Dimensions of International Conflict”. In: W. Zartman(Ed.) Peacemaking in International Conflict: Methods and Techniques, 191-237. US Institute of Peace Pres.
  • 15. Steinbach, M, Karypis, G. and Kumar, V. (2000). “A Comparison of Document Clustering Techniques”. in KDD Workshop on Text Mining, 400 (1), 525-526. https://hdl.handle.net/11299/215421
  • 16. Tversky, A. and Kahneman, D. (1973). “Availability: A Heuristic for Judging Frequency and Probability”. Cognitive Psychology, 5 (2), 207-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(73)90033-9
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Ahmet Temel 0000-0002-6336-7091

Fuat Erduğan 0000-0002-5548-6947

Publication Date September 26, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 12 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Temel, A., & Erduğan, F. (2023). Identifying Social Groups and Stereotypes; Using Stereotype Content Model (Case of Ankara). Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(3), 1018-1025. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1275410
AMA Temel A, Erduğan F. Identifying Social Groups and Stereotypes; Using Stereotype Content Model (Case of Ankara). Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. September 2023;12(3):1018-1025. doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1275410
Chicago Temel, Ahmet, and Fuat Erduğan. “Identifying Social Groups and Stereotypes; Using Stereotype Content Model (Case of Ankara)”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12, no. 3 (September 2023): 1018-25. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1275410.
EndNote Temel A, Erduğan F (September 1, 2023) Identifying Social Groups and Stereotypes; Using Stereotype Content Model (Case of Ankara). Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12 3 1018–1025.
IEEE A. Temel and F. Erduğan, “Identifying Social Groups and Stereotypes; Using Stereotype Content Model (Case of Ankara)”, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1018–1025, 2023, doi: 10.37989/gumussagbil.1275410.
ISNAD Temel, Ahmet - Erduğan, Fuat. “Identifying Social Groups and Stereotypes; Using Stereotype Content Model (Case of Ankara)”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12/3 (September 2023), 1018-1025. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1275410.
JAMA Temel A, Erduğan F. Identifying Social Groups and Stereotypes; Using Stereotype Content Model (Case of Ankara). Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;12:1018–1025.
MLA Temel, Ahmet and Fuat Erduğan. “Identifying Social Groups and Stereotypes; Using Stereotype Content Model (Case of Ankara)”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 3, 2023, pp. 1018-25, doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1275410.
Vancouver Temel A, Erduğan F. Identifying Social Groups and Stereotypes; Using Stereotype Content Model (Case of Ankara). Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;12(3):1018-25.
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