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THE IMPACT OF THE PORT OF VALONA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE ITALIAN NAVY'S DOMINATION OF THE ADRIATIC SEA IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR

Year 2023, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 83 - 93, 15.02.2023

Abstract

Valona has a critical importance for the Adriatic Sea, and as of the beginning of the twentieth century, its influence and deterrence increased considerably, especially in the Adriatic Sea competition between Italy and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Although the Italian navy was very active in the Mediterranean in terms of military power before the First World War, it could not establish a full and definite dominance in the Adriatic Sea due to the influence of the Austro-Hungarian navy. Being in competition with the French navy in the west of the Mediterranean, the Italians saw fit to compensate for the lack of warships in their navy by gaining dominance in the area, and captured the port of Valona at the very beginning of the First World War. In this way, the Italians gained an advantage both against the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the Adriatic Sea and against Greece in the Balkans. Having a strategically important port for the navy, especially in the era of armored warships, increased the strength of the navy in the region. Despite this advantage, since the military capacity of the Italians was not enough to fortify the port of Valona from sea and land, Valona was bombed by German and Austro-Hungarian naval and air elements and the Italians suffered losses. In this context, in our study, the importance and deterrence of the port of Valona were tried to be determined in the context of the strategy of the Italian navy in the Adriatic Sea in the First World War.

References

  • 1.      Archive
  • 1.1   Politisches Archiv des Auswärtigen Amts
  • RZ 201/2410, S. 143, 12 August 1911
  • RZ 201/2401, S. 145, 12 August 1911
  • RZ 201/7835, S. 139, 24 March 1914
  • RZ 201/7835, S. 143, 28 April 1914
  • RZ 201/7835, S. 147, 9 June 1914
  • RZ 202/22144, S. 14, 11 February 1916
  • RZ 202/22144, S. 17, 1 March 1916
  • 1.2   Bundesarchiv, Militärarchiv
  • RM 40/338, S. 15, 25 September 1917
  • RM 40/338, S. 6, 23 November 1917
  • RM 40/338, S. 4, 1 Dezember 1917
  • RH 53-4/179, S. 18, 6 July 1920
  • RH 52-4/179, S. 52, 1 August 1920
  • RH 53-4/179, S. 51, No Date
  • 1.3   Österreichisches Staatsarchiv
  • Totalansicht von Valona 1916-1918
  • 2.       Secondary Sources
  • -Badische Landes Zeitung, “Die Italien in Albanien”, S. 1, 4 January 1916
  • -Badische Presse, “Die Vorgange in Albanien”, S. 3, 2 October 1914
  • -Badischer Beobachter, “Die Sehnsucht Nach Valona”, S. 3, 3 October 1914
  • -Badischer Beobachter, “Italienische Kriegschiffe in Valona”, S. 1, 27 October 1914
  • -Berliner Börsen Zeitung, “Ein Österreichischer U-Boot Erfolg”, S. 1, 8 December 1915
  • -Berliner Börsen Zeitung, “Ersten lage in Albanien”, S. 5, 4 January 1915
  • -Berliner Börsen Zeitung, “Italien Interessen an Albanien”, S. 3, 21 Dezember 1915
  • -Berliner Börsen Zeitung, “Vom Lage”, S. 3, 17 November 1914
  • -Die Neue Zeitung, “Italienische Kriegschiffe”, S. 3, 1 October 1911
  • -Doko, Kevin, İtalyan İşgalinde Arnavutluk (1939-1943), Trakya Üniversitesi, Balkan Çalışmaları Anabilim Dalı, Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Edirne 2020
  • -Dresdner Neueste Nachrichten, “Um das Herrenlose Albanien”, S. 1, 30 October 1914
  • -Illustrierte Kronen Zeitung, “Beschießung der Valona”, S. 1, 7 Dezember 1912
  • -İnbaşı, Mehmet, “Avlonya Sancağı ve Yönetimi (1750-1800)”, Osmanlı Mirası ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt: 6, Sayı: 14, Mart 2019, ss. 143-154
  • -Jeverische Wochenblatt, “Albanien”, S. 2, 30 October 1914
  • -Jeverisches Wochen Blatt, “Serbien und Griechenland gegen Italien”, S. 3, 3 May 1915
  • -Jeverisches Wochenblatt, “Das Bischen Albanien”, S.1, 7 October 1914
  • -Karlsruher Zeitung, “Der Krieg zur See”, S. 1, 4 January 1916
  • -Karlsruher Zeitung, “Zur Kriegslage”, S. 2, 3 November 1914
  • -Leibziger Tageblatt und Handelszeitung, “Gunaris über die Griechische Politik”, S. 3, 28 Dezember 1915
  • -Norddeutsche Volksblatt, “Von den Balkanfronten”, S. 2, 27 August 1918
  • -Sondhaus, Lawrance, The Great War at Sea: A Naval History of the First World War, Cambridge University Press, UK 2014
  • -Volksmacht, “Die Neuesten Vorkommnisse in Italien”, S. 1, 22 October 1914
  • -Volksmacht, “Valona”, S.2, 22 October 1914
  • -Vorwärts, “Neue Kriegscchauplätze”, S. 2, 30 January 1916
  • -Welt Blatt, “Erfolgreicher Angriff Unserer Seeflugzeuge auf Valona”, S. 4, 4 May 1917

İtalyan Donanmasının Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Adriyatik Denizi’ndeki Hakimiyeti Bağlamında Avlonya Limanı’nın Etkisi

Year 2023, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 83 - 93, 15.02.2023

Abstract

Avlonya, Adriyatik Denizi için oldukça kritik bir öneme sahip olup yirminci yüzyılın başları itibariyle özellikle İtalya ve Avusturya-Macaristan İmparatorluğu arasındaki Adriyatik Denizi rekabetinde etkisi ve caydırıcılığı oldukça artmıştır. İtalyan donanması Birinci Dünya Savaşı öncesinde askeri güç bakımından Akdeniz’de oldukça faal olsa da Avusturya-Macaristan İmparatorluğu donanmasının etkisi nedeniyle Adriyatik Denizi’nde tam ve kesin bir hakimiyet tesis edememiştir. Akdeniz’in batısında Fransız donanması ile de rekabet halinde bulunan İtalyanlar, donanmalarındaki savaş gemilerinin eksikliğini alanda hakimiyet kazanarak kapatmayı uygun görmüş, Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın hemen başında Avlonya limanını ele geçirmiştir. Bu sayede İtalyanlar hem Adriyatik Denizi’nde Avusturya-Macaristan İmparatorluğu’na karşı hem de Balkanlarda Yunanistan’a karşı avantaj elde etmişlerdir. Özellikle zırhlı muharebe gemileri döneminde donanma için stratejik önemi bulunan bir limana sahip olmak donanmanın bölgedeki gücünü bir kat daha arttırmakta idi. Bu avantaja rağmen İtalyanların askeri kapasitesi Avlonya limanını denizden, karadan sürekli ve etkili olarak tahkim etmeye yetmediği için Avlonya, Alman ve Avusturya-Macaristan deniz ve hava unsurları tarafından bombalanmış ve İtalyanlar kayıp vermişlerdir. Bu bağlamda çalışmamızda İtalyan donanmasının Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Adriyatik Denizi’ndeki stratejisi bağlamında Avlonya limanının önemi ve caydırıcılığı tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.

References

  • 1.      Archive
  • 1.1   Politisches Archiv des Auswärtigen Amts
  • RZ 201/2410, S. 143, 12 August 1911
  • RZ 201/2401, S. 145, 12 August 1911
  • RZ 201/7835, S. 139, 24 March 1914
  • RZ 201/7835, S. 143, 28 April 1914
  • RZ 201/7835, S. 147, 9 June 1914
  • RZ 202/22144, S. 14, 11 February 1916
  • RZ 202/22144, S. 17, 1 March 1916
  • 1.2   Bundesarchiv, Militärarchiv
  • RM 40/338, S. 15, 25 September 1917
  • RM 40/338, S. 6, 23 November 1917
  • RM 40/338, S. 4, 1 Dezember 1917
  • RH 53-4/179, S. 18, 6 July 1920
  • RH 52-4/179, S. 52, 1 August 1920
  • RH 53-4/179, S. 51, No Date
  • 1.3   Österreichisches Staatsarchiv
  • Totalansicht von Valona 1916-1918
  • 2.       Secondary Sources
  • -Badische Landes Zeitung, “Die Italien in Albanien”, S. 1, 4 January 1916
  • -Badische Presse, “Die Vorgange in Albanien”, S. 3, 2 October 1914
  • -Badischer Beobachter, “Die Sehnsucht Nach Valona”, S. 3, 3 October 1914
  • -Badischer Beobachter, “Italienische Kriegschiffe in Valona”, S. 1, 27 October 1914
  • -Berliner Börsen Zeitung, “Ein Österreichischer U-Boot Erfolg”, S. 1, 8 December 1915
  • -Berliner Börsen Zeitung, “Ersten lage in Albanien”, S. 5, 4 January 1915
  • -Berliner Börsen Zeitung, “Italien Interessen an Albanien”, S. 3, 21 Dezember 1915
  • -Berliner Börsen Zeitung, “Vom Lage”, S. 3, 17 November 1914
  • -Die Neue Zeitung, “Italienische Kriegschiffe”, S. 3, 1 October 1911
  • -Doko, Kevin, İtalyan İşgalinde Arnavutluk (1939-1943), Trakya Üniversitesi, Balkan Çalışmaları Anabilim Dalı, Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Edirne 2020
  • -Dresdner Neueste Nachrichten, “Um das Herrenlose Albanien”, S. 1, 30 October 1914
  • -Illustrierte Kronen Zeitung, “Beschießung der Valona”, S. 1, 7 Dezember 1912
  • -İnbaşı, Mehmet, “Avlonya Sancağı ve Yönetimi (1750-1800)”, Osmanlı Mirası ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt: 6, Sayı: 14, Mart 2019, ss. 143-154
  • -Jeverische Wochenblatt, “Albanien”, S. 2, 30 October 1914
  • -Jeverisches Wochen Blatt, “Serbien und Griechenland gegen Italien”, S. 3, 3 May 1915
  • -Jeverisches Wochenblatt, “Das Bischen Albanien”, S.1, 7 October 1914
  • -Karlsruher Zeitung, “Der Krieg zur See”, S. 1, 4 January 1916
  • -Karlsruher Zeitung, “Zur Kriegslage”, S. 2, 3 November 1914
  • -Leibziger Tageblatt und Handelszeitung, “Gunaris über die Griechische Politik”, S. 3, 28 Dezember 1915
  • -Norddeutsche Volksblatt, “Von den Balkanfronten”, S. 2, 27 August 1918
  • -Sondhaus, Lawrance, The Great War at Sea: A Naval History of the First World War, Cambridge University Press, UK 2014
  • -Volksmacht, “Die Neuesten Vorkommnisse in Italien”, S. 1, 22 October 1914
  • -Volksmacht, “Valona”, S.2, 22 October 1914
  • -Vorwärts, “Neue Kriegscchauplätze”, S. 2, 30 January 1916
  • -Welt Blatt, “Erfolgreicher Angriff Unserer Seeflugzeuge auf Valona”, S. 4, 4 May 1917
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Late Modern Military History
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ozan Tuna 0000-0003-4762-4286

Publication Date February 15, 2023
Submission Date August 17, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 15 Issue: 1

Cite

Chicago Tuna, Ozan. “THE IMPACT OF THE PORT OF VALONA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE ITALIAN NAVY’S DOMINATION OF THE ADRIATIC SEA IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR”. History Studies 15, no. 1 (February 2023): 83-93.