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Örnekler Bağlamında Arkeolojik Alanların Güvenlik Problemleri ve Teknolojik Gelişmelerin Etkisi

Year 2021, Issue: 55, 113 - 129, 22.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.47998/ikad.984067

Abstract

Türkiye, tarihin en önemli antik uygarlıklarına ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Kadim medeniyetlerin, ilk çağ medeniyetlerinin, büyük imparatorlukların ve devletlerin beşiği olan bu toprakların iyi korunması hem Türkiye hem de dünya tarihi için çok önemlidir. Çalışma, kültürel alanların geleneksel güvenlik ihtiyaçları dışında, bu alanların güvenliğinde yeni teknolojilerin kullanılması, kültürel bölgelerin çekiciliğinin artırılması, çevre, yapı, eser ve ziyaretçilerin güvenliği gibi birçok farklı konuyu kapsamaktadır. Bu araştırmanın birincil amacı, üç büyük arkeolojik alanın güvenlik ve güvenlik risklerini belirlemektir. Bu amaçla Nemrut Dağı, Perre Antik Kenti ve Göbeklitepe arkeolojik alanlarında gözlemsel bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Saha notlarının analizi, bu üç büyük arkeolojik alanın karşı karşıya olduğu risklerin, kurumsal ve yapısal riskler, doğal riskler ve insan faaliyetlerinin yol açtığı riskler olmak üzere üç temel başlıkta özetlenebileceğini göstermiştir. Araştırma sonuçları makalede tartışılmaktadır.

References

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  • Baraldi, S. B., Shoup, D. & Zan, L. (2012). Understanding cultural heritage in Turkey:
  • institutional context and organizational Issues, International Journal of Heritage Studies. 19(7), 728–748. 10.1080/13527258.2012.70028
  • Belmonte J. A., & Garcia, A. C. G. (2010). Antiochos's Hierothesion at Nemrud Dag
  • Revisited: Adjusting the Date in the Light of Astronomical Evidence. Journal for the History of Astronomy. 41 (4). 469-481. 10.1177/002182861004100403
  • Bilgin C., Acar V. ve Tanrısevdi A. (2020). Ören Yerlerinin Güvenlik Düzeylerinin
  • İncelenmesine Yönelik Nitel Bir Araştırma: Aydın İli Örneği, International Journal of Contemporary Tourism Research, 4(1). 91-110.10.30625/ijctr.723
  • Brodie, N & Renfrew, C. (2005). Looting and the World's Archaeological Heritage: The
  • Inadequate Response. Annual Review of Anthropology. 5(34). 343-36. 10.1146/annurev.anthro.34.081804.120551
  • Chowdhury, S. A., Ahmed, S. A. (2015). Archaeological and Historical Tourism: An
  • Emerging Dimension for the Tourism Industry of Bangladesh Muhammad Sohel Ahmed. European Journal of Business and Management. 7-(21), 1-7.
  • Elia, Ricardo. (1997). Looting, collecting, and the destruction of archaeological resources.
  • Natural Resources Research. 6. 85-98. 10.1007/BF02803807
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  • Alkan, Mehmet. (2009). Perre Antik Kenti Nekropol Alanı 2008 Yılı Kazı ve Temizlik Çalışmaları / Excavation and Cleaning Works in Perre Ancient City Necropolis Area in 2008. 18. Müze Çalışmaları ve Kurtarma Kazıları Sempozyumu (27-30 Nisan 2009 Sivas). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333479955_Perre_Antik_Kenti_Nekropol_Alani_2008_Yili_Kazi_ve_Temizlik_Calismalari
  • Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's Consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, USA: Sage.
  • Kültürel Alanların Güvenliği, İç Güvenlik Stratejileri Dairesi Başkanlığı Yayınları (2020).
  • Kurt, A.O. & Göler, M. E. (2017). The First Temple in Minor Asia: Gobeklitepe. Cumhuriyet
  • İlahiyat Dergisi-Cumhuriyet Theology Journal. 21(2). 1107-1138. 10.18505/cuid.334942
  • Fernández Laso, M. C. (2020), “El impacto del terrorismo internacional en el patrimonio cultural: control de riesgos y protección”, PASOS: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 18(4), 559-569.
  • Muhall, A. (2003). In the field: notes on observation in qualitative research. Journal of advanced nursing. 41(3), 306-313.
  • Nafziger J.A.R., Paterson, R. K. Renteln, A. D. (2010). Cultural law international, comparative, and indigenous. New York, USA: Cambridge University Press
  • Nickens, P. R. (1991). The Destruction of Archaeological Sites and Data. In Smith,
  • G. S. & Ehrenhard, J. E. (eds). Protecting the Past. Florida, USA: CRC Press.
  • Rizzi, G. (2007). Preface. In J. Ashurst (ed). Conservation of Ruins.
  • Oxford, U.K.: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Şahin, S. (1998). Kommagene Ülkesi ve Tanrılar Tahtı Nemrut Dağ, N. Başgelen (ed.),
  • Tanrılar Dağı Nemrut. İstanbul, Türkiye: Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları.
  • Schmidt, K. (2010). Göbekli Tepe - The Stone Age Sanctuaries. New results of ongoing
  • excavations with a special focus on sculptures and high reliefs. Documenta Praehistorica a XXXVII. 37. 239. https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.37.21
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  • Smith, Peter & Peterson, Mark & Schwartz, Shalom & Ahmad, Abd Halim & Akande,
  • Adebowale & Andersen, Jon & Ayestarán, Sabino & Bochner, Stephen & Callan, Victor & Davila, Carlos & Ekelund, Bjørn & François, Pierre-Henri & Graversen, Gert & Harb, Charles & Jesuino, Jorge & Kantas, Aristotle & Karamushka, Lyudmila & Koopman, Paul & Leung, Kwok & Yanchuk, Vladimir. (2002). Cultural values, sources of guidance, and their relevance to managerial behavior: A 47-nation study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 33. 188-208. 10.1177/0022022102033002005
  • Tanaka, E. (2013). Cultural Heritage Issues in Turkey and the Category of 'Europe': Roman
  • Mosaic Collections Discovered in Zeugma, Southeast Turkey, Senri Ethnologıcal Studies. 81.149–168. http://doi.org/10.15021/00002481
  • Tan, T. (2017). The Hellenistic Tumulus of Eşenköy in NW Turkey. Anatolia Antiqua. 437.
  • 33-52 https://doi.org/10.4000/anatoliaantiqua.43
  • T.C. Resmi Gazete. (1987). Korunması Gerekli Taşınmaz Kültür ve Tabiat Varlıklarının
  • Tespit-Tescili ve Sit Alanı İlânı Sırasındaki Müktesep Hakların Korunması ile İlgili Yönetmelik. Retrived from https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19660.pdf
  • Töngör, A. R., (2018). Prevention of illegal trafficking and transfer of cultural properties in
  • the light of united nations conventions. MANAS Journal of Social Studies. 7(2). 91-110.
  • Williams, R. (1976). Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. London, U.K.: Fontara.
  • Yıldız, S. (2010). The Model of Turkey in Legal Protection of Cultural Heritage.
  • International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XXXVIII (5), 627-632.

SECURITY ISSUES OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES AND THE EFFECT OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF EXAMPLES

Year 2021, Issue: 55, 113 - 129, 22.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.47998/ikad.984067

Abstract

Turkey is home to the most prominent ancient civilizations in history. It is crucial both for Turkey and world history that these lands, which have been the cradle of ancient civilizations, first-age civilizations, great empires, and states, should be preserved well. Apart from the traditional security needs of cultural areas, the study covers many different issues such as using new technologies in the security of these areas, increasing the attractiveness of the cultural regions as well as the safety of the environment, structure, and artefacts and visitors. The primary goal of this research was to identify the security and safety risks of three major archaeological sites. To that end, an observational study was conducted at the archaeological sites Mount Nemrut, the Ancient City of Perre and Göbeklitepe. Analysis of field notes suggested that risks that these three major archaeological sites face could be summarised as institutional and structural risks, natural risks and human activity-related risks. Research implications are discussed in the paper.

References

  • Baker, L. (2006). Observation: A complex research method. Library trends. 55(1), 171-189.
  • Baraldi, S. B., Shoup, D. & Zan, L. (2012). Understanding cultural heritage in Turkey:
  • institutional context and organizational Issues, International Journal of Heritage Studies. 19(7), 728–748. 10.1080/13527258.2012.70028
  • Belmonte J. A., & Garcia, A. C. G. (2010). Antiochos's Hierothesion at Nemrud Dag
  • Revisited: Adjusting the Date in the Light of Astronomical Evidence. Journal for the History of Astronomy. 41 (4). 469-481. 10.1177/002182861004100403
  • Bilgin C., Acar V. ve Tanrısevdi A. (2020). Ören Yerlerinin Güvenlik Düzeylerinin
  • İncelenmesine Yönelik Nitel Bir Araştırma: Aydın İli Örneği, International Journal of Contemporary Tourism Research, 4(1). 91-110.10.30625/ijctr.723
  • Brodie, N & Renfrew, C. (2005). Looting and the World's Archaeological Heritage: The
  • Inadequate Response. Annual Review of Anthropology. 5(34). 343-36. 10.1146/annurev.anthro.34.081804.120551
  • Chowdhury, S. A., Ahmed, S. A. (2015). Archaeological and Historical Tourism: An
  • Emerging Dimension for the Tourism Industry of Bangladesh Muhammad Sohel Ahmed. European Journal of Business and Management. 7-(21), 1-7.
  • Elia, Ricardo. (1997). Looting, collecting, and the destruction of archaeological resources.
  • Natural Resources Research. 6. 85-98. 10.1007/BF02803807
  • Erarslan, Fehmi & Özman, Recep & Şancı, Fuat & Arslan, Muhammet & Karaca, Mehmet &
  • Alkan, Mehmet. (2009). Perre Antik Kenti Nekropol Alanı 2008 Yılı Kazı ve Temizlik Çalışmaları / Excavation and Cleaning Works in Perre Ancient City Necropolis Area in 2008. 18. Müze Çalışmaları ve Kurtarma Kazıları Sempozyumu (27-30 Nisan 2009 Sivas). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333479955_Perre_Antik_Kenti_Nekropol_Alani_2008_Yili_Kazi_ve_Temizlik_Calismalari
  • Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's Consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, USA: Sage.
  • Kültürel Alanların Güvenliği, İç Güvenlik Stratejileri Dairesi Başkanlığı Yayınları (2020).
  • Kurt, A.O. & Göler, M. E. (2017). The First Temple in Minor Asia: Gobeklitepe. Cumhuriyet
  • İlahiyat Dergisi-Cumhuriyet Theology Journal. 21(2). 1107-1138. 10.18505/cuid.334942
  • Fernández Laso, M. C. (2020), “El impacto del terrorismo internacional en el patrimonio cultural: control de riesgos y protección”, PASOS: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 18(4), 559-569.
  • Muhall, A. (2003). In the field: notes on observation in qualitative research. Journal of advanced nursing. 41(3), 306-313.
  • Nafziger J.A.R., Paterson, R. K. Renteln, A. D. (2010). Cultural law international, comparative, and indigenous. New York, USA: Cambridge University Press
  • Nickens, P. R. (1991). The Destruction of Archaeological Sites and Data. In Smith,
  • G. S. & Ehrenhard, J. E. (eds). Protecting the Past. Florida, USA: CRC Press.
  • Rizzi, G. (2007). Preface. In J. Ashurst (ed). Conservation of Ruins.
  • Oxford, U.K.: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann.
  • Şahin, S. (1998). Kommagene Ülkesi ve Tanrılar Tahtı Nemrut Dağ, N. Başgelen (ed.),
  • Tanrılar Dağı Nemrut. İstanbul, Türkiye: Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları.
  • Schmidt, K. (2010). Göbekli Tepe - The Stone Age Sanctuaries. New results of ongoing
  • excavations with a special focus on sculptures and high reliefs. Documenta Praehistorica a XXXVII. 37. 239. https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.37.21
  • Silverman, H. & Ruggles D. H. (2007). Cultural Heritage
  • and Human Rights. New York, U.S.A: Springer Science + Business Media, LLC.
  • Smith, Peter & Peterson, Mark & Schwartz, Shalom & Ahmad, Abd Halim & Akande,
  • Adebowale & Andersen, Jon & Ayestarán, Sabino & Bochner, Stephen & Callan, Victor & Davila, Carlos & Ekelund, Bjørn & François, Pierre-Henri & Graversen, Gert & Harb, Charles & Jesuino, Jorge & Kantas, Aristotle & Karamushka, Lyudmila & Koopman, Paul & Leung, Kwok & Yanchuk, Vladimir. (2002). Cultural values, sources of guidance, and their relevance to managerial behavior: A 47-nation study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 33. 188-208. 10.1177/0022022102033002005
  • Tanaka, E. (2013). Cultural Heritage Issues in Turkey and the Category of 'Europe': Roman
  • Mosaic Collections Discovered in Zeugma, Southeast Turkey, Senri Ethnologıcal Studies. 81.149–168. http://doi.org/10.15021/00002481
  • Tan, T. (2017). The Hellenistic Tumulus of Eşenköy in NW Turkey. Anatolia Antiqua. 437.
  • 33-52 https://doi.org/10.4000/anatoliaantiqua.43
  • T.C. Resmi Gazete. (1987). Korunması Gerekli Taşınmaz Kültür ve Tabiat Varlıklarının
  • Tespit-Tescili ve Sit Alanı İlânı Sırasındaki Müktesep Hakların Korunması ile İlgili Yönetmelik. Retrived from https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19660.pdf
  • Töngör, A. R., (2018). Prevention of illegal trafficking and transfer of cultural properties in
  • the light of united nations conventions. MANAS Journal of Social Studies. 7(2). 91-110.
  • Williams, R. (1976). Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. London, U.K.: Fontara.
  • Yıldız, S. (2010). The Model of Turkey in Legal Protection of Cultural Heritage.
  • International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XXXVIII (5), 627-632.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Communication and Media Studies
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Can Ozan Tuncer 0000-0001-9471-4917

Publication Date September 22, 2021
Submission Date August 17, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 55

Cite

APA Tuncer, C. O. (2021). SECURITY ISSUES OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES AND THE EFFECT OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF EXAMPLES. İletişim Kuram Ve Araştırma Dergisi, 2021(55), 113-129. https://doi.org/10.47998/ikad.984067