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The Assessment of Depression in Siblings of Children with Cancer: A Pilot Study

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 489 - 494, 30.09.2022

Abstract

Objective: When compared to other siblings, siblings of cancer patients have a reduced quality of life, impaired emotional functionality, and post-traumatic stress symptoms. The present study aimed to determine the depression levels of the siblings of children with cancer.
Material and Method: The present study is descriptive and cross-sectional. Thirty healthy siblings of children with cancer who were followed up in the pediatric hematology-oncology service of a university hospital were included in the study. Descriptive information form and the Child Depression Inventory (CDI) was applied to the siblings. Results: It was found that 33.3% of the siblings had depression. When they were first informed about their siblings' illness, 60% of the participants stated that they experienced fear and approximately 34% experienced sadness. All the siblings stated that the financial situation of their families was affected during the illness. There was no significant difference between the siblings' depression scores and their gender or age.
Conclusion: Siblings of children with cancer experience depression and psychological reactions associated with cancer. There is a need to improve siblings' cancer-related problems with family-based psychosocial interventions. In future studies, empirical, intervention studies with larger samples are needed on the subject.

Thanks

The authors are grateful to acknowledge all participating siblings and patients in this study.

References

  • Borjalilu S, Shahidi S, Mazaheri MA, Emami AH. Spiritual care training for mothers of children with cancer: Effects on quality of care and mental health of caregivers. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016;17(2):545-52.
  • Nayak MG, George A, Vidyasagar MS, Kamath A. Quality of life of family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer. IOSR-JHNS. 2014;3(2):70-5.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu. 2013-2018 Ulusal Kanser Kontrol Planı. Ankara; 2013. Available from: https:// www.iccp-portal.org/system/files/plans/Ulusal_Kanser_Kontrol_ Plani_2013_2018.pdf
  • Santo Espirito Rubira EA, Munhoz Gaiva MA, Espinosa MM, Barbosa DA, Silva Belasco A G. Taking care of children with cancer: evaluation of the caregivers’ burden and quality of life. Rev Latino Am Enfermagem. 2011;19(3):515-22.
  • Tang WPY, Chan CWH, So WKW, Leung DYP. Web-based interventions for caregivers of cancer patients: A review of literatures. Asia Pac J of Oncol Nurs. 2014;1(1):9-15.
  • Warner BEL, Kirchhoff AC, Nam GE, Fluchel M. Financial burden of pediatric cancer for patients and their families. J Oncol Pract. 2014;11(1):12-8.
  • Alderfer MA, Long KA, Lown A, Marland AL, Ostrowski NL, Hock JM, et al. Psychosocial adjustment of siblings of children with cancer: A systematic review. Psycho-Oncology. 2010;19:789-805.
  • Barrera M, Atenahu E, Nathan PC, Schulte F, Hancock K. Depression and quality of life in siblings of children with cancer after group intervention participation: A randomized control trial. J Pediatr Psychol. 2018;43(10):1093-103.
  • Barlow J, Ellard D. The psychosocial well-being of children with chronic disease, their parents and siblings: An overview of the research evidence base. Child Care Health Dev. 2006;32:19-31.
  • Long K, Lehmann V, Gerhardt C, Carpenter A, Marsland A, Alderfer M. Psychosocial functioning and risk factors among siblings of children with cancer: An updated systematic review. Psycho-Oncology. 2018;27(6):1467-79.
  • Murray JS. Attachment theory and adjustment difficulties in siblings of children with cancer. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2000;21(2):149-69.
  • Porteous E, Elizabeth RP, Claire C. Siblings of young people with cancer in NZ: Experiences that positively and negatively support wellbeing. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2019;6(2):119-30.
  • Di Gallo A. Psychology and psychosocial issues in children with cancer. In Imbach P, Kühne T, Arceci R. (Eds.). Pediatric oncology: A comprehensive guide. Germany: Springer; 2006. p. 229-43.
  • Gerhardt CA, Lehmann V, Long KA, Alderfer MA. Supporting siblings as a standard of care in pediatric oncology. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015;62:750-804.
  • Kaplan LM, Kaal KJ, Bradley LE, Alderfer M. Cancer-related traumatic stress reactions in siblings of children with cancer. Fam Syst Health. 2013;31(2):205-17.
  • Cheung CK, Mok BH. Psychosocial adaptation of childhood cancer survivors and their siblings. J Child Fam Stud. 2013;22:253-67.
  • Durso A, Mastroyannopoulou K, Kirby A, Meiser-Stedman R. Posttraumatic stress symptoms in young people with cancer and their siblings: results from a UK sample. J Psychosoc Oncol. 2018;36(5):1-16.
  • Lähteenmäki PM, Sjöblom J, Korhonen T, Salmi TT. The siblings of childhood cancer patients need early support: A follow up study over the first year. Arch Dis Child. 2004;89(11):1008-13.
  • Wellisch DK, Crater B, Wiley FM, Belin TR, Weinstein K. Psychosocial impacts of a camping experience for children with cancer and their siblings. Psycho-Oncology. 2006, 15:56-65.
  • Kovacs M. Rating scales to assess depression in school-aged children. Acta Paedopsychiatr. 1982;46:305-15.
  • Öy B. Chidren’s depression inventory: Validity and realibility study. Turk J Psychiatry. 1991;2(2):132-36.
  • Barrera M, Fleming CF, Khan FS. The role of emotional social support in the psychological adjustment of siblings of children with cancer. Child Care Health Dev. 2004;30(2):103-11.
  • Alderfer MA, Labay L, Kazak A. Brief report: Does posttraumatic stress apply to siblings of childhood cancer survivors? J Pediatr Psychol. 2003;28:281–6.
  • Breslau M. The epidemiology of trauma, PTSD, and other posttrauma disorders. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2009;10:198-210.
  • Phipps S, Jurbergs N, Long A. Symptoms of post-traumatic stress in children with cancer: Does personality trump health status? PsychoOncology. 2009;18:992-02.
  • Alderfer MA, Navsaria N, Kazak AE. Family functioning and posttraumatic stress disorder in adolescent survivors of childhood cancer. J Fam Psychol. 2009;23:717-25.
  • Walsh F. Traumatic loss and major disasters: Strengthening family and community resilience. Fam Proc. 2007;46:207-27.
  • Lövgren M, Jalmsell L, Eilegard Wallin A, Steineck G. Siblings’ experiences of their brother’s or sister’s cancer death: A nationwide follow-up 2-9 years later. Psycho-Oncology. 2016;25:435-40.
  • Sveen J, Eilegard A, Steineck G, Kreicbergs U. They still grieve-a nationwide follow‐up of young adults 2–9years after losing a sibling to cancer. Psycho-Oncology. 2014;23:658-64.
  • Bowlby J. Attachment and Loss: Attachment. London: The Hogarth Press; 1969. 428p
  • Cicirelli V. Sibling Relation Across the Life Span. New York: Plenum Press; 1995. 61p
  • Pelletier W, Bona K. Assessment of financial burden as a standard of care in pediatric oncology. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015;62:619-31.
  • Aristazabal P, Singer J, Cooper R, Wells KJ, Nodora J, Milburn M, et al. Participation in pediatric oncology research protocols: Racial/ ethnic, language and age-based disparities. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015;62(8):1337-44.
  • Ay İ, Seçer İ. Adapting depression and anxiety questionnaire for children into Turkish: Reliability and validity studies. International Education Studies. 2017;10(3).

Kanserli Çocukların Kardeşlerinde Depresyonun Değerlendirilmesi: Bir Pilot Çalışma

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 489 - 494, 30.09.2022

Abstract

Amaç: Kanserli çocukların kardeşleri, diğer kardeşlere göre daha düşük yaşam kalitesi, zayıf duygusal işlevsellik ve travma sonrası stres belirtileri göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı kanserli çocukların kardeşlerinin depresyon düzeylerini belirlemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı, kesitsel tipte bir çalışmadır. Çalışmaya bir üniversite hastanesinin çocuk hematoloji-onkoloji servisinde takip edilen kanserli çocukların sağlıklı 30 kardeşi alındı. Kardeşlere tanımlayıcı bilgi formu ve Çocuk Depresyon Envanteri (ÇDE) uygulandı.
Bulgular: Kardeşlerin %33,3’ünde depresyon olduğu saptandı. Kardeşlerinin hastalıklarını ilk duyduklarında katılımcıların %60’ı korku, yaklaşık %34’ü üzüntü yaşadığını bildirdi. Kardeşlerin tamamı hastalık sürecinde ailelerin maddi durumlarının etkilendiğini belirtti. Kardeşlerin cinsiyet ve yaşları ile depresyon skorları arasında anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı.
Sonuç: Kanserli çocukların kardeşleri kanserle ilişki depresyon ve psikolojik reaksiyonlar yaşamaktadır. Kardeşlerin kanserle ilgili sıkıntılarını aile temelli psikososyal müdahalelerle iyileştirmeye ihtiyaç vardır. Gelecekteki çalışmalarda konu ile ilgili daha geniş örneklemli ampirik çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

References

  • Borjalilu S, Shahidi S, Mazaheri MA, Emami AH. Spiritual care training for mothers of children with cancer: Effects on quality of care and mental health of caregivers. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016;17(2):545-52.
  • Nayak MG, George A, Vidyasagar MS, Kamath A. Quality of life of family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer. IOSR-JHNS. 2014;3(2):70-5.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu. 2013-2018 Ulusal Kanser Kontrol Planı. Ankara; 2013. Available from: https:// www.iccp-portal.org/system/files/plans/Ulusal_Kanser_Kontrol_ Plani_2013_2018.pdf
  • Santo Espirito Rubira EA, Munhoz Gaiva MA, Espinosa MM, Barbosa DA, Silva Belasco A G. Taking care of children with cancer: evaluation of the caregivers’ burden and quality of life. Rev Latino Am Enfermagem. 2011;19(3):515-22.
  • Tang WPY, Chan CWH, So WKW, Leung DYP. Web-based interventions for caregivers of cancer patients: A review of literatures. Asia Pac J of Oncol Nurs. 2014;1(1):9-15.
  • Warner BEL, Kirchhoff AC, Nam GE, Fluchel M. Financial burden of pediatric cancer for patients and their families. J Oncol Pract. 2014;11(1):12-8.
  • Alderfer MA, Long KA, Lown A, Marland AL, Ostrowski NL, Hock JM, et al. Psychosocial adjustment of siblings of children with cancer: A systematic review. Psycho-Oncology. 2010;19:789-805.
  • Barrera M, Atenahu E, Nathan PC, Schulte F, Hancock K. Depression and quality of life in siblings of children with cancer after group intervention participation: A randomized control trial. J Pediatr Psychol. 2018;43(10):1093-103.
  • Barlow J, Ellard D. The psychosocial well-being of children with chronic disease, their parents and siblings: An overview of the research evidence base. Child Care Health Dev. 2006;32:19-31.
  • Long K, Lehmann V, Gerhardt C, Carpenter A, Marsland A, Alderfer M. Psychosocial functioning and risk factors among siblings of children with cancer: An updated systematic review. Psycho-Oncology. 2018;27(6):1467-79.
  • Murray JS. Attachment theory and adjustment difficulties in siblings of children with cancer. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2000;21(2):149-69.
  • Porteous E, Elizabeth RP, Claire C. Siblings of young people with cancer in NZ: Experiences that positively and negatively support wellbeing. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2019;6(2):119-30.
  • Di Gallo A. Psychology and psychosocial issues in children with cancer. In Imbach P, Kühne T, Arceci R. (Eds.). Pediatric oncology: A comprehensive guide. Germany: Springer; 2006. p. 229-43.
  • Gerhardt CA, Lehmann V, Long KA, Alderfer MA. Supporting siblings as a standard of care in pediatric oncology. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015;62:750-804.
  • Kaplan LM, Kaal KJ, Bradley LE, Alderfer M. Cancer-related traumatic stress reactions in siblings of children with cancer. Fam Syst Health. 2013;31(2):205-17.
  • Cheung CK, Mok BH. Psychosocial adaptation of childhood cancer survivors and their siblings. J Child Fam Stud. 2013;22:253-67.
  • Durso A, Mastroyannopoulou K, Kirby A, Meiser-Stedman R. Posttraumatic stress symptoms in young people with cancer and their siblings: results from a UK sample. J Psychosoc Oncol. 2018;36(5):1-16.
  • Lähteenmäki PM, Sjöblom J, Korhonen T, Salmi TT. The siblings of childhood cancer patients need early support: A follow up study over the first year. Arch Dis Child. 2004;89(11):1008-13.
  • Wellisch DK, Crater B, Wiley FM, Belin TR, Weinstein K. Psychosocial impacts of a camping experience for children with cancer and their siblings. Psycho-Oncology. 2006, 15:56-65.
  • Kovacs M. Rating scales to assess depression in school-aged children. Acta Paedopsychiatr. 1982;46:305-15.
  • Öy B. Chidren’s depression inventory: Validity and realibility study. Turk J Psychiatry. 1991;2(2):132-36.
  • Barrera M, Fleming CF, Khan FS. The role of emotional social support in the psychological adjustment of siblings of children with cancer. Child Care Health Dev. 2004;30(2):103-11.
  • Alderfer MA, Labay L, Kazak A. Brief report: Does posttraumatic stress apply to siblings of childhood cancer survivors? J Pediatr Psychol. 2003;28:281–6.
  • Breslau M. The epidemiology of trauma, PTSD, and other posttrauma disorders. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2009;10:198-210.
  • Phipps S, Jurbergs N, Long A. Symptoms of post-traumatic stress in children with cancer: Does personality trump health status? PsychoOncology. 2009;18:992-02.
  • Alderfer MA, Navsaria N, Kazak AE. Family functioning and posttraumatic stress disorder in adolescent survivors of childhood cancer. J Fam Psychol. 2009;23:717-25.
  • Walsh F. Traumatic loss and major disasters: Strengthening family and community resilience. Fam Proc. 2007;46:207-27.
  • Lövgren M, Jalmsell L, Eilegard Wallin A, Steineck G. Siblings’ experiences of their brother’s or sister’s cancer death: A nationwide follow-up 2-9 years later. Psycho-Oncology. 2016;25:435-40.
  • Sveen J, Eilegard A, Steineck G, Kreicbergs U. They still grieve-a nationwide follow‐up of young adults 2–9years after losing a sibling to cancer. Psycho-Oncology. 2014;23:658-64.
  • Bowlby J. Attachment and Loss: Attachment. London: The Hogarth Press; 1969. 428p
  • Cicirelli V. Sibling Relation Across the Life Span. New York: Plenum Press; 1995. 61p
  • Pelletier W, Bona K. Assessment of financial burden as a standard of care in pediatric oncology. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015;62:619-31.
  • Aristazabal P, Singer J, Cooper R, Wells KJ, Nodora J, Milburn M, et al. Participation in pediatric oncology research protocols: Racial/ ethnic, language and age-based disparities. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2015;62(8):1337-44.
  • Ay İ, Seçer İ. Adapting depression and anxiety questionnaire for children into Turkish: Reliability and validity studies. International Education Studies. 2017;10(3).
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

İbrahim Eker 0000-0002-1880-546X

Özge Vural This is me 0000-0001-7523-7553

Hamide Nur Çevik Özdemir 0000-0002-1199-8801

Elif Bilge Kelebek 0000-0003-4445-2669

Nihan Çakaloğulları 0000-0002-1762-1335

Naci Gültekin 0000-0002-0141-581X

Özge Kaya 0000-0002-5907-304X

Esma Kural 0000-0002-5380-2176

Bilge Mumyakmaz 0000-0001-7808-7693

Orçun Öztürk 0000-0001-8611-2625

Nevzat Sakarya 0000-0001-7211-2456

Early Pub Date September 29, 2022
Publication Date September 30, 2022
Submission Date November 3, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Eker, İ., Vural, Ö., Çevik Özdemir, H. N., Kelebek, E. B., et al. (2022). The Assessment of Depression in Siblings of Children with Cancer: A Pilot Study. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(3), 489-494.
AMA Eker İ, Vural Ö, Çevik Özdemir HN, Kelebek EB, Çakaloğulları N, Gültekin N, Kaya Ö, Kural E, Mumyakmaz B, Öztürk O, Sakarya N. The Assessment of Depression in Siblings of Children with Cancer: A Pilot Study. İKÇÜSBFD. September 2022;7(3):489-494.
Chicago Eker, İbrahim, Özge Vural, Hamide Nur Çevik Özdemir, Elif Bilge Kelebek, Nihan Çakaloğulları, Naci Gültekin, Özge Kaya, Esma Kural, Bilge Mumyakmaz, Orçun Öztürk, and Nevzat Sakarya. “The Assessment of Depression in Siblings of Children With Cancer: A Pilot Study”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 7, no. 3 (September 2022): 489-94.
EndNote Eker İ, Vural Ö, Çevik Özdemir HN, Kelebek EB, Çakaloğulları N, Gültekin N, Kaya Ö, Kural E, Mumyakmaz B, Öztürk O, Sakarya N (September 1, 2022) The Assessment of Depression in Siblings of Children with Cancer: A Pilot Study. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 7 3 489–494.
IEEE İ. Eker, “The Assessment of Depression in Siblings of Children with Cancer: A Pilot Study”, İKÇÜSBFD, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 489–494, 2022.
ISNAD Eker, İbrahim et al. “The Assessment of Depression in Siblings of Children With Cancer: A Pilot Study”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 7/3 (September 2022), 489-494.
JAMA Eker İ, Vural Ö, Çevik Özdemir HN, Kelebek EB, Çakaloğulları N, Gültekin N, Kaya Ö, Kural E, Mumyakmaz B, Öztürk O, Sakarya N. The Assessment of Depression in Siblings of Children with Cancer: A Pilot Study. İKÇÜSBFD. 2022;7:489–494.
MLA Eker, İbrahim et al. “The Assessment of Depression in Siblings of Children With Cancer: A Pilot Study”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 3, 2022, pp. 489-94.
Vancouver Eker İ, Vural Ö, Çevik Özdemir HN, Kelebek EB, Çakaloğulları N, Gültekin N, Kaya Ö, Kural E, Mumyakmaz B, Öztürk O, Sakarya N. The Assessment of Depression in Siblings of Children with Cancer: A Pilot Study. İKÇÜSBFD. 2022;7(3):489-94.



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