Research Article
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Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 2333 - 2356, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1165723

Abstract

References

  • Asongu, S., Akpan, U. S. and Isihak, S. R. (2018). Determinants of Foregin Direct Investment in Fast – Growing Economies: Evidence form the BRICS and MINT Countries. Financial Innovation. 4(26), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-018-0114-0
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  • Research. 93: 151–159 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.02.025
  • Bodner, J. and Capron, L. (2018). Post – Merger Integration. Journal of Organizational Design. 7(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41469-018-0027-4
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  • Chen, M. K. and Wang, S. C. (2010). The Use of a hybrid-fuzzy – Delphi – AHP Approach to Develop Global Business Intelligence for Information Service Firms. Expert Systems with Applications. 37(11), 7394 – 7407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2010.04.033
  • Cheng, Y. M. (2006). Determinants of FDI Mode Choice: Acquisitons, Brownfield, and Greenfield Entry in Foreign Markets. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences. 23(3), 202-220. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-4490.2006.tb00627.x
  • Couturier, J. and Sola, D. (2010). International Market Entry Decisions: The Role of Local Market Factors. Journal of General Management. 35(4), 45-63. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F030630701003500403
  • Cuervo – Cazurra, A. and Genç, M. (2008). Transforming Disadvantages into Advantages: Developing – Country MNEs in the Least Developed Countries. Journal of International Business Studies. 39, 957-979. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.840039
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  • Cui, L., Jiang, F. and Stening, B. (2011). The Entry – Mode Decision of Chinese Outward FDI: Firm Resources, Industry Conditions, and Institutional Forces. Thunderbird International Business Review. 53(4), 483-499. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.20425
  • Cui, L., Meyer, K. E. and Hu, H. W. (2013). What Drives Firms’ Intent to Seek Strategic Assets by Foreign Direct Investment? A Study of Emerging Economy Firms. Journal of World Business. 49(4): 488-501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2013.12.003
  • Çiftçi, İ., Tatoğlu, E., Wood, G., Demirbağ, M. and Zaim, S. (2019). Corporate Governance and Firm Performance in Emerging Markets. International Business Review. 28, 90-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2018.08.004
  • Demirbağ, M., Collings, D. G., Tatoğlu, E., Mellahi, K. and Wood, G. (2014). High – Performance Work Systems and Organizational Performance in Emerging Economies: Evidence from MNEs in Turkey. Management International Review. 54, 325-359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-014-0204-9
  • Demirbağ, M., Tatoğlu, E. and Glaister, K. W. (2009a). Equity – Based Enrty Modes of Emerging Country Multinationals: Lessons From Turkey. Journal of World Business. 44, 445-462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2008.11.009
  • Demirbağ, M., Tatoğlu, E. and Glaister, K. W. (2009b). Institutional and Transaction Cost Determinants of Turkish MNE’s Location Choice. International Marketing Review. 27(3), 272-294. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651331011047989
  • Deng, P. and Yang, M. (2015). Cross – Border Mergers and Acquisitions by Emerging Market Firms: A Comparative Investigation. International Business Review. 24, 157-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2014.07.005
  • Dunning, J. H. and Lundan, S. M. (2008). Multinational Enterprises and The Global Economy. 2. bs.
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  • Gaur, A. and Delios, A. (2015). International Divesification of Emerging Market Firms: The Role of Ownership Structure and Group Affiliation. Management International Review. 55, 235-253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-015-0240-0
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Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 2333 - 2356, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1165723

Abstract

References

  • Asongu, S., Akpan, U. S. and Isihak, S. R. (2018). Determinants of Foregin Direct Investment in Fast – Growing Economies: Evidence form the BRICS and MINT Countries. Financial Innovation. 4(26), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-018-0114-0
  • Aybar, S. (2016). Determinants of Turkish Outward Foreign Direct Investment. Transnational Corporations Review. 8(1), 79-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/19186444.2016.1162486
  • Ayçin, E. (2019). Çok Kriterli Karar Verme: Bilgisayar Uygulamalı Çözümler. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık
  • Batsakis, G., Wood, G., Azar, G. and Singh, S. (2018). International Diversification and Firm Performance in the Post – Acquisition Period: A Resource Dependence Perspective. Journal of Business
  • Research. 93: 151–159 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.02.025
  • Bodner, J. and Capron, L. (2018). Post – Merger Integration. Journal of Organizational Design. 7(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41469-018-0027-4
  • Brouthers, K. D., and Brouthers, L. E. (2001). Explaining the National Cultural Distance Paradox. Journal of International Business Studies. 32(1), 177-189. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490944
  • Brouthers, K. D., Brouthers, L. E., and Werner, S. (2008). Real Options, International Entry Mode Choice and Performance. Journal of Management Studies. 45: 936 – 960. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00753.x
  • Brouthers, K. D. (2013). A Retrospective on: Institutional, Cultural, and Transaction Costs Influences on Entry Mode Choice Performance. Journal of International Business Studies. 44(1), 14-22. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2012.23
  • Buckley, P. J., Clegg, L. J., Cross, A. R., Liu, X., Voss, H. and Zheng, P. (2007). The Determinants of Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment. Journal of International Business Studies. 38(4), 499-518. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230248328_6
  • Can, Muharrem. (2022). Türkiye’nin Yurt Dışı Doğrudan Yatırımlarının Küreselleşmesi: Yatırmalardaki Coğrafi Dağılım ve Nedenlerindeki Değişim. Ticaret Bakanlığı. 1-25.
  • Capron, L. (2016). Strategies for M&As: When is Acquisition the Right Mode to Grow. Accounting and Business Research. 46(5), 453-462. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2016.1182705
  • Chen, H. and Hu, M. Y. (2002). An Analysis of Determinants of Entry Mode and Its Impact on Performance. International Business Review. 11, 193-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-5931(01)00055-5
  • Chen, M. K. and Wang, S. C. (2010). The Use of a hybrid-fuzzy – Delphi – AHP Approach to Develop Global Business Intelligence for Information Service Firms. Expert Systems with Applications. 37(11), 7394 – 7407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2010.04.033
  • Cheng, Y. M. (2006). Determinants of FDI Mode Choice: Acquisitons, Brownfield, and Greenfield Entry in Foreign Markets. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences. 23(3), 202-220. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-4490.2006.tb00627.x
  • Couturier, J. and Sola, D. (2010). International Market Entry Decisions: The Role of Local Market Factors. Journal of General Management. 35(4), 45-63. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F030630701003500403
  • Cuervo – Cazurra, A. and Genç, M. (2008). Transforming Disadvantages into Advantages: Developing – Country MNEs in the Least Developed Countries. Journal of International Business Studies. 39, 957-979. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.840039
  • Cui, L. and Jiang, F. (2009). FDI Entry Mode Choice of Chinese Firms: A Strategic Behavior Perspective. Journal of World Business. 44(4), 434 – 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2008.11.004
  • Cui, L., Jiang, F. and Stening, B. (2011). The Entry – Mode Decision of Chinese Outward FDI: Firm Resources, Industry Conditions, and Institutional Forces. Thunderbird International Business Review. 53(4), 483-499. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.20425
  • Cui, L., Meyer, K. E. and Hu, H. W. (2013). What Drives Firms’ Intent to Seek Strategic Assets by Foreign Direct Investment? A Study of Emerging Economy Firms. Journal of World Business. 49(4): 488-501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2013.12.003
  • Çiftçi, İ., Tatoğlu, E., Wood, G., Demirbağ, M. and Zaim, S. (2019). Corporate Governance and Firm Performance in Emerging Markets. International Business Review. 28, 90-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2018.08.004
  • Demirbağ, M., Collings, D. G., Tatoğlu, E., Mellahi, K. and Wood, G. (2014). High – Performance Work Systems and Organizational Performance in Emerging Economies: Evidence from MNEs in Turkey. Management International Review. 54, 325-359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-014-0204-9
  • Demirbağ, M., Tatoğlu, E. and Glaister, K. W. (2009a). Equity – Based Enrty Modes of Emerging Country Multinationals: Lessons From Turkey. Journal of World Business. 44, 445-462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2008.11.009
  • Demirbağ, M., Tatoğlu, E. and Glaister, K. W. (2009b). Institutional and Transaction Cost Determinants of Turkish MNE’s Location Choice. International Marketing Review. 27(3), 272-294. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651331011047989
  • Deng, P. and Yang, M. (2015). Cross – Border Mergers and Acquisitions by Emerging Market Firms: A Comparative Investigation. International Business Review. 24, 157-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2014.07.005
  • Dunning, J. H. and Lundan, S. M. (2008). Multinational Enterprises and The Global Economy. 2. bs.
  • Erdoğmuş, E., Çobanoğlu, E., Yalçın, M. and Ghauri, P. N. (2014). Internationalization of Emerging Market Firms. The Case of Turkish Retailers. International Marketing Review. 27(3), 316-337. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651331011048014
  • Fan, Y, and Jianfeng, Y. (2016). The Choice of the Southeast Asian Market Entry Mode: A Performance Appraisal Model Based on Fuzzy AHP. The First International Symposium on Business Cooperation and Development in South – East and South Asia under B&R Initative. s. 63 – 66
  • Gao, G. Y., Murray, J. Y., Kotebe, M. and Lu, J. (2010). A “Strategy Tripod” Perspective on Export Behaviors: Evidence from Domestic and Foreign Firms Based in an Emerging Economy. Journal of International Business Studies. 41, 377-396. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2009.27
  • Gaur, A. and Delios, A. (2015). International Divesification of Emerging Market Firms: The Role of Ownership Structure and Group Affiliation. Management International Review. 55, 235-253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-015-0240-0
  • Gaur, A., Kumar, S. K. and Singh, D. (2014). Institutions, Resources and Internationalization of Emerging Economy Firms. Journal of World Business. 49, 12-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2013.04.002
  • Gholami, S., Karimiankakolaki, M. and Ghobeyshavi, H. (2015). Developing Marketing Strategies Based on Risk Management by Using DEMATEL Technique. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences. 4(1), 1527-1539.
  • Halaszovich, T.F. and Lundan, S. M. (2015). The Moderating Role of Local Embeddedness on the Performance of Foreign and Domestic Firms in Emerging Markets. International Business Review. 25(5), 1136-1148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2016.02.003
  • Han, X., Liu, X., Xia, T. and Gao, L. (2018). Home – Country Government Support, Interstate Relations and The Subsidiary Performance of Emerging Market Multinationals Enterprises. Journal of Business Research. 93, 160-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.04.021
  • Holmes, R. M, Miller, T., Hitt, M. A. and Salmador, M. P. (2013). The Interrelationships Among Informal Institutions, Formal Institutions, and Inward Foreign Direct Invsetment. Journal of Management. 39(2), 531-566. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0149206310393503
  • Javorcik, B. S. and Spatareanu, M. (2011). Does It Matter Where You Come From? Vertical Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment and The Origin of Investors. Journal of Development Economics. 96(1), 126-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2010.05.008
  • Johnson, J. and Tellis, G. J. (2008). Drivers of Success for Market Entry into China and India. Journal of Marketing. 72, 1 – 13. https://doi.org/10.1509%2FJMKG.72.3.001
  • Juasrikul, S., Sahaym, A., Yim, H. S. and Liu, R. L. (2018). Do Cross – Border Alliances with MNEs from Developed Economies Create Firm Value for MNEs from Emerging Economies? Journal of Business Research. 93. 98-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.07.001
  • Kamal, S. Md. (2011). Entry Mode and Subsidiary Performance in Emerging Economies. Mustang Journal of Business & Ethics. 2. 20-29. http://hdl.handle.net/10361/1613
  • Kaya, H. (2009). Unfavorable Business Environment and Foreign Direct Investment Activities of Turkish Manufacturing Firms. BDDK Bankacılık ve Finansal Piyasalar. 3(1), 101-117
  • Kaya, H. and Erden, D. (2008). Firm – Specific Capabilities and Foreign Direct Investment Activities of Turkish Manufacturing Firms. Journal of Management Development. 27(7), 761-777. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710810883643
  • Kim, Y. and Gary, S. J. (2008). The Impact of Entry Mode Choice on Foreign Affliate Performance: The Case of Foreign MNEs in South Korea. Management International Review. 48(2), 165-188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-008-0010-3
  • Lau, C. M., Ngo, H. Y. and Yiu, D. W. (2010). Internationalization and Organizational Resources of Chinese Firms. Chinese Management Studies. 4(3), 258-272. https://doi.org/10.1108/17506141011074147
  • Lee, A. H.I., Chen, W. C. and Chang, C. J. (2008). A Fuzzy AHP and BSC Approach for Evaluating Performance of IT Department in the Manufacturing Industry in Taiwan. Expert Systems with Applications. 34(1), 96-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2006.08.022
  • Liu, W. K. (2015). Using FDM and DEMATEL Approaches to Evaluate the Location Selection of Investment. International Journal of Information and Education Technology. 5(10), 732-739. DOI: 10.7763/IJIET.2015.V5.602
  • Liu, X., Xiao, W. and Huang, X. (2008). Bounded Entrepreneurship and Internalisation of Indegenous Chinese Private – Owned Firms. International Business Review. 17, 488-508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2008.02.014
  • Liu, Y. and Yu, Y. (2018). Institutions, Firm Resources and The Foreign Establishment Mode Choice of Chinese Firms: The Moderating Role of Home Regional Institutional Development. Journal of Business Research. 93, 111-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.04.026
  • Loo, M. K. L. (2019). Enhancing Financial Inclusion in ASEAN. Identifying the Best Growth Markets for Fintech. Journal of Risk and Finance Management. 12(181), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm12040181
  • Lu, J., Liu, X. and Wang, H. (2010). Motives for Outward FDI of Chinese Private Firms: Firm Resources, Industry Dynamics and Government Policies. Management and Organizational Review. 7(2), 223-248. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2010.00184.x
  • Luo, Y. (2001). Determinants of Entry in an Emerging Economy: A Multilevel Approach. Journal of Management Studies. 38(3), 443-472. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00244
  • Luo, Y. and Bu, J. (2018). When Are Emerging Market Multinationals More Risk Taking? Global Strategy Journal. 8, 635-664
  • Malhotra, S., Sivakumar, K. and Zhu, P. C. (2009). Distance Factors and Target Market Selection: The Moderating Effect of Market Potential. International Marketing Review. 26(6), 651-673. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651330911001332
  • Morschett, D., Schramn – Klein, H. and Swoboda, B. (2010). Decades of Research on Market Entry Modes: What Do We Know About External Antecedents of Enrty Mode Choice. Journal of International Management. 16(1), 60-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2009.09.002
  • Pan, Y. and Tse, D. K. (2000). The Hierarchical Model of Market Entry Modes. Journal of International Business Studies. 31(4), 535-554. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490921
  • Piperopoulos, P., Wu, J. and Wang, C. (2018). Outward FDI, Location Choices and Innovation Performance of Emerging Market Enterprises. Research Policy. 47(1), 232-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.11.001
  • Rasheed, H. S. (2005). Foreign Entry Mode and Performance: The Moderating Effects of Environment. Journal of Small Business Management. 43(1), 41-54. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2004.00124.x
  • Raut, R. D., Bhasin, H. V. and Kamble, S. S. (2011). Evaluation of Supplier Selection Criteria by Combination of AHP and fuzzy DEMATEL Method. International Journal of Business Innovation and Research. 5(4), 359-392.
  • Rui, H. and Yip, G. S. (2008). Foreign Acquisitions by Chinese Firms: A Strategic Intent Perspective. Journal of World Business. 43, 213-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2007.11.006
  • Saaty, T.L. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process, New York: McGraw – Hill
  • Saaty, T. L. (1982). Decison Making for Leaders. CA: Lifetime Learning Publications.
  • Sari, H. and Nurhadi, D. A. (2019). Designing Marketing Strategy Basen on Value from Clohting – Producing Companies Using the AHP and Delphi Methods. Journal Teknik Industri. 20(2), 191-203. https://doi.org/10.22219/JTIUMM.Vol20.No2.191-203
  • Söyler, H. and Yaraş, E. (2016). Küresel Pazara Giriş Kararlarının Bulanık AHP ve Bulanık TOPSIS Yaklaşımıyla Analizi. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi. 5(4), 77-96.
  • TUIK. (2022). Dış Ticaret İstatistikleri, Aralık 2021: Yıllara ve Aylara Göre Dış Ticaret. ata.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Dış-Ticaret-İstatistikleri-Aralık-2021- 45535&dil=1#:~:text=Genel%20ticaret%20sistemine%20göre%20ihracat%202021%20yılı%20Ocak-Aralık%20döneminde,424%20milyon%20dolar%20olarak%20gerçekleşti. (Access: 01/11/2022).
  • Ünal, Z. and Çetin, E. İ. (2019). Integrated AHP-TOPSIS Method for Fertilizer Producer’s Target Market Selection. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences. 32(3), 357-364. 10.29136/mediterranean.584120
  • Uray, N., Vardar, N. and Nacar, R. (2015). International Marketing – Related Outward FDI Motives: Turkish MNCs’ Experience in the EU. New Policy Challenges for European Multinationals. 7, 305-338. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1745-8862(2012)0000007016
  • Wheelen, T. L. and Hunger, J. D. (2012). Strategic Management and Business Policy: Toward Global Sustainability. 13.bs. USA: Pearson
  • World Investment Report. (2018). Investment and New Industrial Policies. New York and Geneva.
  • World Investment Report. (2022). Internatioanl Tax Reforms and Sustainable Environment. Geneva.
  • Wu, H., Chen, J. and Liu, Y. (2017). The Impact of OFDI on Firm Innovation in An Emerging Country. International Journal of Technology Management. 74, 167-184.
  • Wu, J. and Chen, X. (2014). Home Country Institutional Environments and Foreign Expansion of Emerging Market Firms. International Business Review. 23(5), 862-872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2014.01.004
  • Xie, H. Y., Zhao, H. J., Xie, Q. J. and Arnold, M. (2011). On the Determinants of Post – Entry Strategic Positioning of Foreign Firms in A Host Market: A “Strategy Tripod” Perspective. International Business Review. 20, 477-490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2010.09.005
  • Yakakawa, Y., Peng, M. W. and Deeds, D. L. (2008). What Drives New Ventures to Internationalize from Emerging to Developed Economies. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice. 32(1), 59-82. https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1540-6520.2007.00216.x
  • Yaprak, A., Yosun, T. and Çetindamar, D. (2018). The Influence of Firm – Specific and Country – Specific Advantages in the Internationalization of Emerging Market Firms: Evidence from Turkey. International Business Review. 27(1), 198-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2017.07.001
  • Zhou, Q., Huang, W. and Zhang, Y. (2011). Identifying Critical Success Factors in Emergency Management Using a Fuzzy DEMATEL Method. Safety Science. 49(2), 243-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2010.08.005
  • Zhu, H. (S)., Ma, X., Sauerwald, S. and Peng, M. W. (2017). Home Country Institutions Behind Cross – Border Acquisition Performance. Journal of Management. 45(4), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F01
Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 2333 - 2356, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1165723

Abstract

References

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  • Juasrikul, S., Sahaym, A., Yim, H. S. and Liu, R. L. (2018). Do Cross – Border Alliances with MNEs from Developed Economies Create Firm Value for MNEs from Emerging Economies? Journal of Business Research. 93. 98-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.07.001
  • Kamal, S. Md. (2011). Entry Mode and Subsidiary Performance in Emerging Economies. Mustang Journal of Business & Ethics. 2. 20-29. http://hdl.handle.net/10361/1613
  • Kaya, H. (2009). Unfavorable Business Environment and Foreign Direct Investment Activities of Turkish Manufacturing Firms. BDDK Bankacılık ve Finansal Piyasalar. 3(1), 101-117
  • Kaya, H. and Erden, D. (2008). Firm – Specific Capabilities and Foreign Direct Investment Activities of Turkish Manufacturing Firms. Journal of Management Development. 27(7), 761-777. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710810883643
  • Kim, Y. and Gary, S. J. (2008). The Impact of Entry Mode Choice on Foreign Affliate Performance: The Case of Foreign MNEs in South Korea. Management International Review. 48(2), 165-188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-008-0010-3
  • Lau, C. M., Ngo, H. Y. and Yiu, D. W. (2010). Internationalization and Organizational Resources of Chinese Firms. Chinese Management Studies. 4(3), 258-272. https://doi.org/10.1108/17506141011074147
  • Lee, A. H.I., Chen, W. C. and Chang, C. J. (2008). A Fuzzy AHP and BSC Approach for Evaluating Performance of IT Department in the Manufacturing Industry in Taiwan. Expert Systems with Applications. 34(1), 96-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2006.08.022
  • Liu, W. K. (2015). Using FDM and DEMATEL Approaches to Evaluate the Location Selection of Investment. International Journal of Information and Education Technology. 5(10), 732-739. DOI: 10.7763/IJIET.2015.V5.602
  • Liu, X., Xiao, W. and Huang, X. (2008). Bounded Entrepreneurship and Internalisation of Indegenous Chinese Private – Owned Firms. International Business Review. 17, 488-508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2008.02.014
  • Liu, Y. and Yu, Y. (2018). Institutions, Firm Resources and The Foreign Establishment Mode Choice of Chinese Firms: The Moderating Role of Home Regional Institutional Development. Journal of Business Research. 93, 111-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.04.026
  • Loo, M. K. L. (2019). Enhancing Financial Inclusion in ASEAN. Identifying the Best Growth Markets for Fintech. Journal of Risk and Finance Management. 12(181), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm12040181
  • Lu, J., Liu, X. and Wang, H. (2010). Motives for Outward FDI of Chinese Private Firms: Firm Resources, Industry Dynamics and Government Policies. Management and Organizational Review. 7(2), 223-248. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2010.00184.x
  • Luo, Y. (2001). Determinants of Entry in an Emerging Economy: A Multilevel Approach. Journal of Management Studies. 38(3), 443-472. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00244
  • Luo, Y. and Bu, J. (2018). When Are Emerging Market Multinationals More Risk Taking? Global Strategy Journal. 8, 635-664
  • Malhotra, S., Sivakumar, K. and Zhu, P. C. (2009). Distance Factors and Target Market Selection: The Moderating Effect of Market Potential. International Marketing Review. 26(6), 651-673. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651330911001332
  • Morschett, D., Schramn – Klein, H. and Swoboda, B. (2010). Decades of Research on Market Entry Modes: What Do We Know About External Antecedents of Enrty Mode Choice. Journal of International Management. 16(1), 60-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2009.09.002
  • Pan, Y. and Tse, D. K. (2000). The Hierarchical Model of Market Entry Modes. Journal of International Business Studies. 31(4), 535-554. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490921
  • Piperopoulos, P., Wu, J. and Wang, C. (2018). Outward FDI, Location Choices and Innovation Performance of Emerging Market Enterprises. Research Policy. 47(1), 232-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.11.001
  • Rasheed, H. S. (2005). Foreign Entry Mode and Performance: The Moderating Effects of Environment. Journal of Small Business Management. 43(1), 41-54. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2004.00124.x
  • Raut, R. D., Bhasin, H. V. and Kamble, S. S. (2011). Evaluation of Supplier Selection Criteria by Combination of AHP and fuzzy DEMATEL Method. International Journal of Business Innovation and Research. 5(4), 359-392.
  • Rui, H. and Yip, G. S. (2008). Foreign Acquisitions by Chinese Firms: A Strategic Intent Perspective. Journal of World Business. 43, 213-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2007.11.006
  • Saaty, T.L. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process, New York: McGraw – Hill
  • Saaty, T. L. (1982). Decison Making for Leaders. CA: Lifetime Learning Publications.
  • Sari, H. and Nurhadi, D. A. (2019). Designing Marketing Strategy Basen on Value from Clohting – Producing Companies Using the AHP and Delphi Methods. Journal Teknik Industri. 20(2), 191-203. https://doi.org/10.22219/JTIUMM.Vol20.No2.191-203
  • Söyler, H. and Yaraş, E. (2016). Küresel Pazara Giriş Kararlarının Bulanık AHP ve Bulanık TOPSIS Yaklaşımıyla Analizi. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi. 5(4), 77-96.
  • TUIK. (2022). Dış Ticaret İstatistikleri, Aralık 2021: Yıllara ve Aylara Göre Dış Ticaret. ata.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Dış-Ticaret-İstatistikleri-Aralık-2021- 45535&dil=1#:~:text=Genel%20ticaret%20sistemine%20göre%20ihracat%202021%20yılı%20Ocak-Aralık%20döneminde,424%20milyon%20dolar%20olarak%20gerçekleşti. (Access: 01/11/2022).
  • Ünal, Z. and Çetin, E. İ. (2019). Integrated AHP-TOPSIS Method for Fertilizer Producer’s Target Market Selection. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences. 32(3), 357-364. 10.29136/mediterranean.584120
  • Uray, N., Vardar, N. and Nacar, R. (2015). International Marketing – Related Outward FDI Motives: Turkish MNCs’ Experience in the EU. New Policy Challenges for European Multinationals. 7, 305-338. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1745-8862(2012)0000007016
  • Wheelen, T. L. and Hunger, J. D. (2012). Strategic Management and Business Policy: Toward Global Sustainability. 13.bs. USA: Pearson
  • World Investment Report. (2018). Investment and New Industrial Policies. New York and Geneva.
  • World Investment Report. (2022). Internatioanl Tax Reforms and Sustainable Environment. Geneva.
  • Wu, H., Chen, J. and Liu, Y. (2017). The Impact of OFDI on Firm Innovation in An Emerging Country. International Journal of Technology Management. 74, 167-184.
  • Wu, J. and Chen, X. (2014). Home Country Institutional Environments and Foreign Expansion of Emerging Market Firms. International Business Review. 23(5), 862-872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2014.01.004
  • Xie, H. Y., Zhao, H. J., Xie, Q. J. and Arnold, M. (2011). On the Determinants of Post – Entry Strategic Positioning of Foreign Firms in A Host Market: A “Strategy Tripod” Perspective. International Business Review. 20, 477-490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2010.09.005
  • Yakakawa, Y., Peng, M. W. and Deeds, D. L. (2008). What Drives New Ventures to Internationalize from Emerging to Developed Economies. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice. 32(1), 59-82. https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1540-6520.2007.00216.x
  • Yaprak, A., Yosun, T. and Çetindamar, D. (2018). The Influence of Firm – Specific and Country – Specific Advantages in the Internationalization of Emerging Market Firms: Evidence from Turkey. International Business Review. 27(1), 198-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2017.07.001
  • Zhou, Q., Huang, W. and Zhang, Y. (2011). Identifying Critical Success Factors in Emergency Management Using a Fuzzy DEMATEL Method. Safety Science. 49(2), 243-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2010.08.005
  • Zhu, H. (S)., Ma, X., Sauerwald, S. and Peng, M. W. (2017). Home Country Institutions Behind Cross – Border Acquisition Performance. Journal of Management. 45(4), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F01
Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 2333 - 2356, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1165723

Abstract

References

  • Asongu, S., Akpan, U. S. and Isihak, S. R. (2018). Determinants of Foregin Direct Investment in Fast – Growing Economies: Evidence form the BRICS and MINT Countries. Financial Innovation. 4(26), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-018-0114-0
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Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 2333 - 2356, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1165723

Abstract

References

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  • Batsakis, G., Wood, G., Azar, G. and Singh, S. (2018). International Diversification and Firm Performance in the Post – Acquisition Period: A Resource Dependence Perspective. Journal of Business
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  • Chen, M. K. and Wang, S. C. (2010). The Use of a hybrid-fuzzy – Delphi – AHP Approach to Develop Global Business Intelligence for Information Service Firms. Expert Systems with Applications. 37(11), 7394 – 7407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2010.04.033
  • Cheng, Y. M. (2006). Determinants of FDI Mode Choice: Acquisitons, Brownfield, and Greenfield Entry in Foreign Markets. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences. 23(3), 202-220. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-4490.2006.tb00627.x
  • Couturier, J. and Sola, D. (2010). International Market Entry Decisions: The Role of Local Market Factors. Journal of General Management. 35(4), 45-63. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F030630701003500403
  • Cuervo – Cazurra, A. and Genç, M. (2008). Transforming Disadvantages into Advantages: Developing – Country MNEs in the Least Developed Countries. Journal of International Business Studies. 39, 957-979. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.840039
  • Cui, L. and Jiang, F. (2009). FDI Entry Mode Choice of Chinese Firms: A Strategic Behavior Perspective. Journal of World Business. 44(4), 434 – 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2008.11.004
  • Cui, L., Jiang, F. and Stening, B. (2011). The Entry – Mode Decision of Chinese Outward FDI: Firm Resources, Industry Conditions, and Institutional Forces. Thunderbird International Business Review. 53(4), 483-499. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.20425
  • Cui, L., Meyer, K. E. and Hu, H. W. (2013). What Drives Firms’ Intent to Seek Strategic Assets by Foreign Direct Investment? A Study of Emerging Economy Firms. Journal of World Business. 49(4): 488-501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2013.12.003
  • Çiftçi, İ., Tatoğlu, E., Wood, G., Demirbağ, M. and Zaim, S. (2019). Corporate Governance and Firm Performance in Emerging Markets. International Business Review. 28, 90-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2018.08.004
  • Demirbağ, M., Collings, D. G., Tatoğlu, E., Mellahi, K. and Wood, G. (2014). High – Performance Work Systems and Organizational Performance in Emerging Economies: Evidence from MNEs in Turkey. Management International Review. 54, 325-359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-014-0204-9
  • Demirbağ, M., Tatoğlu, E. and Glaister, K. W. (2009a). Equity – Based Enrty Modes of Emerging Country Multinationals: Lessons From Turkey. Journal of World Business. 44, 445-462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2008.11.009
  • Demirbağ, M., Tatoğlu, E. and Glaister, K. W. (2009b). Institutional and Transaction Cost Determinants of Turkish MNE’s Location Choice. International Marketing Review. 27(3), 272-294. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651331011047989
  • Deng, P. and Yang, M. (2015). Cross – Border Mergers and Acquisitions by Emerging Market Firms: A Comparative Investigation. International Business Review. 24, 157-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2014.07.005
  • Dunning, J. H. and Lundan, S. M. (2008). Multinational Enterprises and The Global Economy. 2. bs.
  • Erdoğmuş, E., Çobanoğlu, E., Yalçın, M. and Ghauri, P. N. (2014). Internationalization of Emerging Market Firms. The Case of Turkish Retailers. International Marketing Review. 27(3), 316-337. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651331011048014
  • Fan, Y, and Jianfeng, Y. (2016). The Choice of the Southeast Asian Market Entry Mode: A Performance Appraisal Model Based on Fuzzy AHP. The First International Symposium on Business Cooperation and Development in South – East and South Asia under B&R Initative. s. 63 – 66
  • Gao, G. Y., Murray, J. Y., Kotebe, M. and Lu, J. (2010). A “Strategy Tripod” Perspective on Export Behaviors: Evidence from Domestic and Foreign Firms Based in an Emerging Economy. Journal of International Business Studies. 41, 377-396. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2009.27
  • Gaur, A. and Delios, A. (2015). International Divesification of Emerging Market Firms: The Role of Ownership Structure and Group Affiliation. Management International Review. 55, 235-253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-015-0240-0
  • Gaur, A., Kumar, S. K. and Singh, D. (2014). Institutions, Resources and Internationalization of Emerging Economy Firms. Journal of World Business. 49, 12-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2013.04.002
  • Gholami, S., Karimiankakolaki, M. and Ghobeyshavi, H. (2015). Developing Marketing Strategies Based on Risk Management by Using DEMATEL Technique. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences. 4(1), 1527-1539.
  • Halaszovich, T.F. and Lundan, S. M. (2015). The Moderating Role of Local Embeddedness on the Performance of Foreign and Domestic Firms in Emerging Markets. International Business Review. 25(5), 1136-1148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2016.02.003
  • Han, X., Liu, X., Xia, T. and Gao, L. (2018). Home – Country Government Support, Interstate Relations and The Subsidiary Performance of Emerging Market Multinationals Enterprises. Journal of Business Research. 93, 160-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.04.021
  • Holmes, R. M, Miller, T., Hitt, M. A. and Salmador, M. P. (2013). The Interrelationships Among Informal Institutions, Formal Institutions, and Inward Foreign Direct Invsetment. Journal of Management. 39(2), 531-566. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0149206310393503
  • Javorcik, B. S. and Spatareanu, M. (2011). Does It Matter Where You Come From? Vertical Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment and The Origin of Investors. Journal of Development Economics. 96(1), 126-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2010.05.008
  • Johnson, J. and Tellis, G. J. (2008). Drivers of Success for Market Entry into China and India. Journal of Marketing. 72, 1 – 13. https://doi.org/10.1509%2FJMKG.72.3.001
  • Juasrikul, S., Sahaym, A., Yim, H. S. and Liu, R. L. (2018). Do Cross – Border Alliances with MNEs from Developed Economies Create Firm Value for MNEs from Emerging Economies? Journal of Business Research. 93. 98-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.07.001
  • Kamal, S. Md. (2011). Entry Mode and Subsidiary Performance in Emerging Economies. Mustang Journal of Business & Ethics. 2. 20-29. http://hdl.handle.net/10361/1613
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  • Wu, H., Chen, J. and Liu, Y. (2017). The Impact of OFDI on Firm Innovation in An Emerging Country. International Journal of Technology Management. 74, 167-184.
  • Wu, J. and Chen, X. (2014). Home Country Institutional Environments and Foreign Expansion of Emerging Market Firms. International Business Review. 23(5), 862-872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2014.01.004
  • Xie, H. Y., Zhao, H. J., Xie, Q. J. and Arnold, M. (2011). On the Determinants of Post – Entry Strategic Positioning of Foreign Firms in A Host Market: A “Strategy Tripod” Perspective. International Business Review. 20, 477-490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2010.09.005
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Factors Influencing The Entrance of Turkish Multinational Enterprises to Foreign Markets

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 2333 - 2356, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1165723

Abstract

The number of corporations operating in both developed and developing economies is increasing, which means that the factors that influence entering international markets are becoming increasingly diverse. The primary significance of the research and how it differs from earlier studies is the examination of the factors impacting access to foreign markets as a whole and the justification of their relative importance and effectiveness. This study's main objective is to explain the relative significance of various elements influencing the market entry process, as well as the extent to which they impact the process. It is based on a questionnaire with 12 sub-criteria in addition to its four primary criteria, which are all interrelated. The information was gathered from five senior managers of Turkish Multinational Enterprises (TMNEs) as well as five academics who are employed in Turkish educational institutions. An Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and a Decision Making Trail and Evaluating Laboratory (DEMATEL) were both used to assess the relative weights of the sub-criteria in the overall evaluation. According to the findings of the study, the criteria for investment risk are the most critical component, followed closely by market cirsumstances. It was also discovered that these two sub-criteria had the greatest effect value on a TMNE's ability to enter international markets. The research makes a contribution to the existing body of literature on international management and marketing, specifically in the area of the infleunce of criteria on market entry strategies. In addition, TMNES will be able to analyze and improve the situation of the host country or countries in relation to their rivals on international markets with the assistance of the results of this study.

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  • Zhou, Q., Huang, W. and Zhang, Y. (2011). Identifying Critical Success Factors in Emergency Management Using a Fuzzy DEMATEL Method. Safety Science. 49(2), 243-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2010.08.005
  • Zhu, H. (S)., Ma, X., Sauerwald, S. and Peng, M. W. (2017). Home Country Institutions Behind Cross – Border Acquisition Performance. Journal of Management. 45(4), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F01

Türk Çokuluslu İşletmelerinin Dış Pazarlara Girişlerini Etkileyen Faktörler

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 2333 - 2356, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1165723

Abstract

Gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde uluslararası ticari girişimlere yönelen işletme sayısının artması, uluslararası pazarlara giriş stratejilerini etkileyen faktörlerinde hızlı bir şekilde artmasını sağlamıştır. Araştırmanın temel önemi ve önceki araştırmalardan farklılığı dış pazarlara girişi etkileyen faktörlerin bir bütün olarak incelenip birbirleri arasında nasıl bir önem ve etki derecesine sahip olduğunun açıklanmasıdır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı uluslararası pazarlara girişi etkileyen faktörlerin birbirleri arasında nasıl bir önem derecesine sahip olduğunu ve aynı zamanda bu faktörlerin birbirleri üzerindeki etkisini açıklamaktır. Araştırmanın yöntem bölümünde 4 ana kriter temel alınarak bu ana kriterlere bağlı 12 alt kriter incelenmiştir. Veri toplama yöntemi olarak anket methodu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Türk Çokulusu İşletmeleri'nin(TÇUİ) üst düzey yöneticileri ve Türkiye’de ki üniversitelerde görev yapan akademisyenler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın analiz kısmında iki farklı yöntem kullanılımıştır. İlk olarak AHP yöntemi ile alt kriterlerin birbirleri arasındaki önem dereceleri belirlenmiş, ikinci olarak ise DEMATEL yöntemi bu alt kriterlerin birbirleri üzerindeki etki dereceleri değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre yatırım riski alt kriteri en yüksek önem derecesine sahip olmuş, onu pazar koşulları takip etmiştir. Aynı zamanda bu iki alt kriter diğer alt kriterler ile karşılaştırıldığında en yüksek etki derecesine sahip olmuştur. Bu araştırma özellikle pazara giriş stratejilerini etkileyen faktörler ile ilgili kısıtlı çalışmaların olması nedeni ile uluslararası işletmecilik ve pazarlama literatüründeki bir eksik noktanın tamamlanmasına yardımcı olacaktır. Bu araştırmanın uluslararası pazarlarda TÇUİ'lerin ev sahibi ülke veya ülkelerin içinde bulunduğu koşulları daha iyi analiz etmelerine ve bu pazardaki durumlarını geliştirmelerine katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

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There are 75 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Metin Çakıroğlu 0000-0002-4185-6353

Early Pub Date December 1, 2022
Publication Date December 31, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 11 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Çakıroğlu, M. (2022). Factors Influencing The Entrance of Turkish Multinational Enterprises to Foreign Markets. İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(4), 2333-2356. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.1165723

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