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Discourses and Policies of the US Presidents on Combating Terrorism after 9/11 Attacks

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 1 - 17, 31.12.2022

Abstract

Terrorism, as a significant threat to states’ security, gained an international feature in the Post-Cold War period. 9/11 attacks to the USA, ascending as the only super power in the international system, is the foremost example of this after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Following the 9/11 terror attacks, the Presidents of the USA established some discourses and applied some policies accordingly. This study aims to examine the discourses and policies of the US Presidents on counterterrorism. It is evaluated that examining the counterterrorism policies of the USA is important, since its very position within the international system and its impacts on the other states. The USA is thought to reflect its counterterrorism policies and influence on other states and especially within alliances like NATO. In order to detect these effects, this study applied content analysis and discourse analysis within the qualitative methods. According to the findings of the study, discourses and policies of the US Presidents found to be corresponding to the main atmosphere, conjuncture, and the events and incidents of the each President’s administration. Moreover, these changes were also reflected in the NATO’s strategic documents for a limited time and to some degree.

References

  • BALDWIN, D. A. (1997). The concept of security. Review of International Studies, 23(1), 5-26. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210597000053.
  • BUZAN, B. (2015). İnsanlar, devletler & korku. (2. bs, Emre Çıtak, Çev.). Röle Akademik Yayıncılık. (Orijinal çalışmanın yayımlanma tarihi 1991).
  • EVANS, G. & NEUMHAM, J. (1998). The penguin dictionary of international relations. Penguin Books.
  • Homeland Security Digital Library. (2006). National strategy for combating terrorism. Retrieved from https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=466588.
  • LAMB P. & ROBERTSON-SNAPE F. (2017). Historical dictionary of international relations. Rowman & Littlefield.
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organization. (2016). Military concept for counter-terrorism. Retrieved from https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_2016_01/20160817_160106-mc0472-1-final.pdf.
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organization. (2022). NATO 2022 strategic concept. Retrieved from https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/2022/6/pdf/290622-strategic-concept.pdf.
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organization. (1999). The alliance’s strategic concept. Retrieved from https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_27433.htm.
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organization. (2010). Active engagement, modern defence. Retrieved from https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_68580.htm.
  • Office of the Director of National Intelligence. (2018). National strategy for counterterrorism of the United States of America. Retrieved from https://www.dni.gov/files/NCTC/documents/news_documents/NSCT.pdf.
  • PLANO J. C. & OLTON R. (1988). The international relations dictionary. ABC-Clio.
  • United Nations. (2014). United Nations Security Council resolution 2178 (2014). Retrieved from https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/2178%20%282014%29.
  • White House. (2021). National strategy for countering domestic terrorism. Retrieved from https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/National-Strategy-for-Countering-Domestic-Terrorism.pdf.
  • White House. (2011). National strategy for counterterrorism. Retrieved from https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/counterterrorism_strategy.pdf.
  • WÆVER O. (2007). Securitization and desecuritization, (Barry Buzan vd., Eds.). International Security Volume III. Sage Publications.

11 EYLÜL 2001 SALDIRILARI SONRASINDA TERÖRİZMLE MÜCADELEDE ABD BAŞKANLARININ SÖYLEMLERİ VE POLİTİKALARI

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 1 - 17, 31.12.2022

Abstract

Devletlerin güvenliği açısından önemli bir tehdit olarak öne çıkan terörizm, Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde uluslararası bir nitelik kazanmaya başlamıştır. Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği’nin dağılmasıyla uluslararası sistemde tek süper güç olarak öne çıkan ABD’ye 11 Eylül 2001 tarihinde yapılan terör saldırıları bunun en ses getiren örneğini oluşturmuştur. Bu terör saldırıları sonrasında ABD Başkanları terörizmle mücadele bağlamında birtakım söylemler dile getirmiş ve politikalar uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışma, 11 Eylül 2001 terör saldırıları sonrasındaki dönemlerde dört ABD Başkanı tarafından terörizmle mücadele bağlamında dile getirilen söylemleri ve politikaları incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Uluslararası sistemdeki konumu gereği pek çok devleti etkilediği düşünülen ABD’nin terörizmle mücadele politikalarının incelenmesinin önemli olduğu değerlendirilmektedir. Özellikle NATO gibi ittifak oluşumları aracılığıyla kendi politikalarını diğer devletlere de yansıttığı ve böylece onları da etkilediği düşünülmektedir. Söz konusu etkilerin tespit edilebilmesi maksadıyla çalışma boyunca nitel yöntemler arasında yer alan içerik analizi ve söylem analizinden istifade edilmiştir. Yapılan inceleme ve analizler neticesinde ABD Başkanlarının terörizmle mücadele söylem ve politikalarının gelişen olaylar ve değişen konjonktüre uyum sağladığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca bu değişimlerin bir dönem için NATO’nun stratejik belgelerine de yansıtıldığı görülmüştür.

References

  • BALDWIN, D. A. (1997). The concept of security. Review of International Studies, 23(1), 5-26. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210597000053.
  • BUZAN, B. (2015). İnsanlar, devletler & korku. (2. bs, Emre Çıtak, Çev.). Röle Akademik Yayıncılık. (Orijinal çalışmanın yayımlanma tarihi 1991).
  • EVANS, G. & NEUMHAM, J. (1998). The penguin dictionary of international relations. Penguin Books.
  • Homeland Security Digital Library. (2006). National strategy for combating terrorism. Retrieved from https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=466588.
  • LAMB P. & ROBERTSON-SNAPE F. (2017). Historical dictionary of international relations. Rowman & Littlefield.
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organization. (2016). Military concept for counter-terrorism. Retrieved from https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_2016_01/20160817_160106-mc0472-1-final.pdf.
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organization. (2022). NATO 2022 strategic concept. Retrieved from https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/2022/6/pdf/290622-strategic-concept.pdf.
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organization. (1999). The alliance’s strategic concept. Retrieved from https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_27433.htm.
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organization. (2010). Active engagement, modern defence. Retrieved from https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_68580.htm.
  • Office of the Director of National Intelligence. (2018). National strategy for counterterrorism of the United States of America. Retrieved from https://www.dni.gov/files/NCTC/documents/news_documents/NSCT.pdf.
  • PLANO J. C. & OLTON R. (1988). The international relations dictionary. ABC-Clio.
  • United Nations. (2014). United Nations Security Council resolution 2178 (2014). Retrieved from https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/2178%20%282014%29.
  • White House. (2021). National strategy for countering domestic terrorism. Retrieved from https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/National-Strategy-for-Countering-Domestic-Terrorism.pdf.
  • White House. (2011). National strategy for counterterrorism. Retrieved from https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/counterterrorism_strategy.pdf.
  • WÆVER O. (2007). Securitization and desecuritization, (Barry Buzan vd., Eds.). International Security Volume III. Sage Publications.
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Berin Koyutürk 0000-0003-1736-0902

Güngör Şahin 0000-0001-6296-8568

Publication Date December 31, 2022
Submission Date August 1, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Koyutürk, B., & Şahin, G. (2022). 11 EYLÜL 2001 SALDIRILARI SONRASINDA TERÖRİZMLE MÜCADELEDE ABD BAŞKANLARININ SÖYLEMLERİ VE POLİTİKALARI. Diplomasi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(2), 1-17.