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Az Başarılı Yenilikçi Ülkelerde Öğrenme Süreçlerinin Radikal İnovasyon Üzerine Etkisi: Türkiye Makedonya Slovenya ve Sırbistan

Year 2015, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 123 - 146, 01.12.2015

Abstract

Son yıllarda hızla artan rekabet, yerel ve uluslararası piyasalarda ürün ve süreçlerde değer artışı sağlayabilmek için firmaları yeni fikirler bulmaya zorlamaktadır. Girişimler için işletmelerin başarısı ve sürekliliğinin anahtarı olan inovasyon piyasalarda şirketlere rekabet avantajlar sağlar. En önemli inovasyon türlerinden biri olan radikal inovasyon sürecinde öğrenme süreçleri çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmada radikal inovasyon ve öğrenme süreçleri yaparak öğrenme, çalışarak öğrenme ve araştırarak öğrenme arasındaki ilişki göreceli olarak az başarılı yenilikçi ülkelerden olan Türkiye, Makedonya, Sırbistan ve Slovenya için probit model kullanılarak firma düzeyinde BEEPS analiz edildi. Makedonya için öğrenme süreçlerinin radikal inovasyon üzerinde etkisi bulunmazken, Sırbistan ve Slovenya için araştırarak öğrenme sürecinin etkili olduğu görülmektedir. Türk işletmelerin radikal inovasyon yapmalarında yöneticilerin deneyimi çalışarak öğrenme ve şirketin ihracat performansının yaparak öğrenme etkili olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.

References

  • World Bank. (2011). World Bank’s Enterprise Survey: Understanding the Questionnaire. . World Bank.
  • Amara, N., Landry, R., Beckheikh, N., & Ouimet, M. (2004). Radical Innovations in Traditional Mnufacturing Industries. DRUID (Danish Research Unit for Industrial Dynamics) summer conference on Industrial Dynamics, Innovation and Development. Copenhagen.
  • Amara, N., Landry, R., Beckheikh, N., & Ouimet, M. (2008). Learning and Novelty of Innovation in Established Manufacturing SMEs, Technovation. International Journal of Technical Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 450-463.
  • Baker, W., Sinkula, J., Grinstein, A., & Rosenzweig, S. (2014). The effect of radical innovation in/congruence on new product performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 1314-1323.
  • Becheikh, N., Landry, R., & Amara, N. (2006). Lessons from innovation empirical studies in the manufacturing sector: a systematic review of the literature from 1993– 2003. Technovation, 644-664.
  • Bell, G. G. (2005). Clusters, Networks, and Firm Innovativenes. Strategic Management Journal, 287-295.
  • Boerner, C. J. (2003). Organizational Learning in Economics. In M. Dierkes, J. Child, & I. Nonaka, Handbook of Organizational Learning and Knowledge (pp. 89- 117). Newyork: Oxford University Press.
  • Boso, N., Story, V. M., Cadogan, J. W., Micevsk, M., & Kadi´c-Maglajli´c, S. (2013). Firm Innovativeness and Export Performance: Environmental, Networking, and Structural Contingencies. Journal of International Marketing, 62-87.
  • Burr, W. &. (2013). Learning curve theory and innovation. . Circuit World, 169-173.
  • Cameron, A. C., & Trivedi, P. K. (2010). Microeconometrics using stata. Stata Press. Chandy, R., & Tellis, G. (1998). Organizing for Radical Product Innovation: The Overlooked Role of Willingness to Cannibalize. Journal of Marketing Research, 474– 488.
  • Chandy, R., & Tellis, G. (2000). The Incumbent’s Curse? Incumbency, Size, and Radical Product Innovation. Journal of Marketing, 1–17.
  • Cohen, W. (1995). Empirical studies of innovative activities. In P. Stoneman, Handbook on the Economics of Innovation and Technological Change. London: Blackwell.
  • Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1989). Innovation and Learning: The two faces of R&D. The Economic Journal, 569-596.
  • Darroch, J., & McNaughton, R. (2002). Examining the Link between Knowledge Management Practices and Types of Innovation. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 210-222.
  • Delgado, M. (2011). The Role of Intellectual Capital Assets on the Radicalness of Innovation:Direct and Moderating Effects. UAM-Accenture Working Papers. Dewar, R. D. (1986). The adoption of radical and incremental innovations: An empirical analysis. Management Science, 1422–1433.
  • Doran, J., & Ryan, G. (2014). Firms’ skills as drivers of radical and incremental innovation. Economics Letters, 107-109.
  • Dougherty, D., & Hardy, C. (1996). Sustained product innovation in large, mature organizations: Overcoming innovation-to-organization problems. Academy of Management Journal, 1120–1153.
  • Ender, P. B. (2010). collin: command to compute collinearity. UCLA: Statistical Consulting Group.
  • Ettlie, J. E., Bridges, W. P., & O’Keefe, R. D. (1984). Organization Strategy and Structural Differences for Radical versus Incremental Innovation. Management Science, 682-695.
  • Ettlie, J., & Rubenstein, A. (1987). Firm Size and Product Innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 89-108.
  • Forés, B., & Camisón, C. (2015). Does incremental and radical innovation performance depend on different types of knowledge accumulation capabilities and organizational size? Journal of Business Research.
  • Freeman, C. (1995a). The national system of innovation in historical perspective. Cambridge Journal of Economics.
  • Freeman, C. (1995b). History, co-evolution and economic growth, . IIASA Working paper. Luxemburg: IIASA.
  • Germain, R. (1996). The role of context and structure in radical and incremental logistics innovation adoption. Journal of Business Research, 117-127.
  • Gopalakrishnan, S., & Damanpour, F. (1997). A review of innovation research in economics, sociology and technology management. Omega, 15-28.
  • Greenhalgh, C. &. (2010). Innovation, intellectual property, and economic growth. Princeton University Press.
  • Gregersen, B., & Johnson, B. (1997). Learning Economies, Innovation Systems and European Integration. Regional Studies, 479-490.
  • Hartley, J. (2008). The innovation landscape for public service organizations. In C. D. J. Hartley, Managing to improve public services (pp. 197-217). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hatch, N. W., & Mowery, D. C. (1998). Process Innovation and Learning by Doing in Semiconductor Manufacturing. Management Science, 1461-1477.
  • Hatzichronoglou, T. (1997). Revision of the high-technology sector and product classification. STI Working Papers, OECD, Paris.
  • Hekkert, M., Suurs, R., Negro, S., Kuhlmann, S., & Smits, R. (2007). Functions of innovation systems: A new approach for analysing technological change. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 413 – 432.
  • Hill, C., & Rothaermel, F. (2003). The Performance of Incumbent Firms in the Face of Radical Technological Innovation. Academy of Management Review, 257-274.
  • Jain, A. (2010). Learning by doing and learning curves in innovation. An examination of biotechnology patenting. 2010 IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation & Technology, (pp. 952-957).
  • Jaworski, B. J., & Kohli, A. K. (1993). Market Orientation:Antecedents and Consequences. Journal of Marketing, 53-70.
  • Jiménez, D. J., & Raquel, S. (2011). Innovation, organizational learning, and performance. Journal of Business Research, 408-417.
  • Johnsson, M. (2014). Innovation Teams: Before Innovation Work is Begun. Proceedings of ISPIM Conferences; Issue 25, p1.
  • Koberg, C. S., Detienne, D. R., & Heppard, K. A. (2003). An Emprical Test of Environmental, Organizational, and Process Factors Affecting Incremental and Radical Innovation. The Journal of High Technology Management Research,, 21-45.
  • Konstadakopulos, D. (2004). Learning for innovation in the global knowledge economy a European and south-east Asian perspective. Bristol, UK: Intellect. Landry, R. A. (2002). Does Social Capital Determine Innovation? To What Extent? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 681-701.
  • Li, Y., Liu, Y., Li, M., & Wu, H. (2008). Transformational offshore outsourcing: Empirical evidence from alliances in China. Journal of Operations Management, 257–274
  • Lloyd, S. (2006, January 19-25). The Business Review Weekly, pp. 82-83.
  • Lundvall, B. (1992). National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning. London: Pinter.
  • Lundvall, B.-Å. (1997a). Competition and Industrial Dynamics in a Small Open Economy,. the DRUID Summer Seminar on Competition and Industrial Dynamics. Skagen.
  • Lundvall, B.-Å. (1997b). Development Strategies in the Learning Economy. STEPI’s 10th Anniversary Conference . Seoul.
  • Malerba, F. (1992). Learning by Firms and Incremental Tachnical Change. The Economic Journal, 845-859.
  • Narvekar, R. S. (2006). A New Framework to Understand the Technogical Innovation Process. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 174-186.
  • Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. (1995). The Knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation. New York: Oxford.
  • Norman, D., & Verganti, R. (2012). Incremental and Radical Innovation: Design Research vs. Technology and Meaning Change. Design Issues, 78-96.
  • Normann, R. (1971). Organizational innovativeness: product variation and reorientation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 203-215.
  • OECD, Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry. (2011). ISIC REV. 3 TECHNOLOGY INTENSITY DEFINITION. OECD.
  • OECD/Eurostat. (2005). The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities. Oslo Manual: Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data. Paris: 3rd Edition,OECD Publishing.
  • Pesämaa, O., Shoham, A., Wincent, J., & Ruvio, A. (2013). How a learning orientation affects drivers of innovativeness and performance in service delivery. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 169-187.
  • Pini, P., & . Santangelo, G. D. (2010). The Underlying Internal Learning Processes of Incremental and Radical Innovations. An Analysis in the Emilia-Romagna Region. Economia politica, 55-82.
  • Romijn, H., & Albaladejo, M. (2002). Determinants of Innovation Capability in Small Electronics and Software Firms in Southeast England. Research Policy, 1053- 1067.
  • Sagar, A. D., & Zwaan, B. v. (2006). Technological Innovation in The Energy Sector: R&D, Deployment, and Learning-by-Doing. Energy Policy, 2601–2608.
  • Sagara, A. D., & Zwaan, B. v. (2006). Technological Innovation in The Energy Sector: R&D, Deployment, and Learning-by-Doing. Energy Policy, 2601–2608.
  • Schumpeter, J. (1942). Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. New York: Harper.
  • Seker, M. (2009). Importing, Exporting, and Innovation in Developing Countries. Washington DC: The World Bank, Policy Research Working paper.
  • Stein, J. C. (1997). Waves of Creative Destruction: Firm-Specific Learning-byDoing and the Dynamics ofInnovation. The Review of Economic Studies, 265-288.
  • Stringer, R. (2000). How to Manage Radical Innovation . California Management Review, 70-88.
  • Subramaniam, M., & Youndt, M. A. (2005). The Influence of Intellectual Capital on the types of Innovative Capabilities. Academy of Mangement Journal, 450-463.
  • Tellis, G. J., J Prabhu, a. C., & Chandy, R. K. (2007). Innovation in Firms Across Nations: New Metrics and Drivers of Radical Innovation.
  • Tether, B. S. (2002). Who Co-Operates for Innovation, and Why, An Empirical Analysis. Research Policy, 947-967.
  • Tushman, M. L., & Anderson, P. (1986). Technological discontinuities and organizational environments . Administrative Science Quarterly, 439-465.
  • Van de Ven, A. (1986). Central Problems in the Management of Innovation. Management Science, 590-607.
  • Wanda, J. O. (2003). Radical and incremental innovations in systems development: an empirical investigation of case tools. No no. 221, Working papers, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Sloan School of Management.

The Impact of Learning Processes on Radical Innovation in Less Successful Innovator Countries: Turkey, Macedonia, Slovenia, and Serbia

Year 2015, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 123 - 146, 01.12.2015

Abstract

Competition that has been accelerating rapidly in domestic and international markets in last decades compels firms to apply new ideas to their activities in order to increase value on their products and processes. Innovation which is a key driver of a success and survival of enterprises provides them competitive adventure in the markets. Learning processes on radical innovation, which is one of the most valuable innovation types is crucial. In this paper we examined the relationship between radical innovation and type of learning processes learning by doing, learning by training, and learning by searching with using probit model and firm level data BEEPS in relatively less successful innovator countries, namely Turkey, Macedonia, Slovenia, and Serbia. According to our results, the impact of learning process on making radical innovation varies in the less successful innovator countries. Any of the learning processes do not affect radical innovation in Macedonia while Serbia and Slovenia make radical innovation only with learning by searching. Turkish enterprises are making radical innovation with their top manager’s experience learning by training and their success in export performance learning by doing .

References

  • World Bank. (2011). World Bank’s Enterprise Survey: Understanding the Questionnaire. . World Bank.
  • Amara, N., Landry, R., Beckheikh, N., & Ouimet, M. (2004). Radical Innovations in Traditional Mnufacturing Industries. DRUID (Danish Research Unit for Industrial Dynamics) summer conference on Industrial Dynamics, Innovation and Development. Copenhagen.
  • Amara, N., Landry, R., Beckheikh, N., & Ouimet, M. (2008). Learning and Novelty of Innovation in Established Manufacturing SMEs, Technovation. International Journal of Technical Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 450-463.
  • Baker, W., Sinkula, J., Grinstein, A., & Rosenzweig, S. (2014). The effect of radical innovation in/congruence on new product performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 1314-1323.
  • Becheikh, N., Landry, R., & Amara, N. (2006). Lessons from innovation empirical studies in the manufacturing sector: a systematic review of the literature from 1993– 2003. Technovation, 644-664.
  • Bell, G. G. (2005). Clusters, Networks, and Firm Innovativenes. Strategic Management Journal, 287-295.
  • Boerner, C. J. (2003). Organizational Learning in Economics. In M. Dierkes, J. Child, & I. Nonaka, Handbook of Organizational Learning and Knowledge (pp. 89- 117). Newyork: Oxford University Press.
  • Boso, N., Story, V. M., Cadogan, J. W., Micevsk, M., & Kadi´c-Maglajli´c, S. (2013). Firm Innovativeness and Export Performance: Environmental, Networking, and Structural Contingencies. Journal of International Marketing, 62-87.
  • Burr, W. &. (2013). Learning curve theory and innovation. . Circuit World, 169-173.
  • Cameron, A. C., & Trivedi, P. K. (2010). Microeconometrics using stata. Stata Press. Chandy, R., & Tellis, G. (1998). Organizing for Radical Product Innovation: The Overlooked Role of Willingness to Cannibalize. Journal of Marketing Research, 474– 488.
  • Chandy, R., & Tellis, G. (2000). The Incumbent’s Curse? Incumbency, Size, and Radical Product Innovation. Journal of Marketing, 1–17.
  • Cohen, W. (1995). Empirical studies of innovative activities. In P. Stoneman, Handbook on the Economics of Innovation and Technological Change. London: Blackwell.
  • Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1989). Innovation and Learning: The two faces of R&D. The Economic Journal, 569-596.
  • Darroch, J., & McNaughton, R. (2002). Examining the Link between Knowledge Management Practices and Types of Innovation. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 210-222.
  • Delgado, M. (2011). The Role of Intellectual Capital Assets on the Radicalness of Innovation:Direct and Moderating Effects. UAM-Accenture Working Papers. Dewar, R. D. (1986). The adoption of radical and incremental innovations: An empirical analysis. Management Science, 1422–1433.
  • Doran, J., & Ryan, G. (2014). Firms’ skills as drivers of radical and incremental innovation. Economics Letters, 107-109.
  • Dougherty, D., & Hardy, C. (1996). Sustained product innovation in large, mature organizations: Overcoming innovation-to-organization problems. Academy of Management Journal, 1120–1153.
  • Ender, P. B. (2010). collin: command to compute collinearity. UCLA: Statistical Consulting Group.
  • Ettlie, J. E., Bridges, W. P., & O’Keefe, R. D. (1984). Organization Strategy and Structural Differences for Radical versus Incremental Innovation. Management Science, 682-695.
  • Ettlie, J., & Rubenstein, A. (1987). Firm Size and Product Innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 89-108.
  • Forés, B., & Camisón, C. (2015). Does incremental and radical innovation performance depend on different types of knowledge accumulation capabilities and organizational size? Journal of Business Research.
  • Freeman, C. (1995a). The national system of innovation in historical perspective. Cambridge Journal of Economics.
  • Freeman, C. (1995b). History, co-evolution and economic growth, . IIASA Working paper. Luxemburg: IIASA.
  • Germain, R. (1996). The role of context and structure in radical and incremental logistics innovation adoption. Journal of Business Research, 117-127.
  • Gopalakrishnan, S., & Damanpour, F. (1997). A review of innovation research in economics, sociology and technology management. Omega, 15-28.
  • Greenhalgh, C. &. (2010). Innovation, intellectual property, and economic growth. Princeton University Press.
  • Gregersen, B., & Johnson, B. (1997). Learning Economies, Innovation Systems and European Integration. Regional Studies, 479-490.
  • Hartley, J. (2008). The innovation landscape for public service organizations. In C. D. J. Hartley, Managing to improve public services (pp. 197-217). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hatch, N. W., & Mowery, D. C. (1998). Process Innovation and Learning by Doing in Semiconductor Manufacturing. Management Science, 1461-1477.
  • Hatzichronoglou, T. (1997). Revision of the high-technology sector and product classification. STI Working Papers, OECD, Paris.
  • Hekkert, M., Suurs, R., Negro, S., Kuhlmann, S., & Smits, R. (2007). Functions of innovation systems: A new approach for analysing technological change. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 413 – 432.
  • Hill, C., & Rothaermel, F. (2003). The Performance of Incumbent Firms in the Face of Radical Technological Innovation. Academy of Management Review, 257-274.
  • Jain, A. (2010). Learning by doing and learning curves in innovation. An examination of biotechnology patenting. 2010 IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation & Technology, (pp. 952-957).
  • Jaworski, B. J., & Kohli, A. K. (1993). Market Orientation:Antecedents and Consequences. Journal of Marketing, 53-70.
  • Jiménez, D. J., & Raquel, S. (2011). Innovation, organizational learning, and performance. Journal of Business Research, 408-417.
  • Johnsson, M. (2014). Innovation Teams: Before Innovation Work is Begun. Proceedings of ISPIM Conferences; Issue 25, p1.
  • Koberg, C. S., Detienne, D. R., & Heppard, K. A. (2003). An Emprical Test of Environmental, Organizational, and Process Factors Affecting Incremental and Radical Innovation. The Journal of High Technology Management Research,, 21-45.
  • Konstadakopulos, D. (2004). Learning for innovation in the global knowledge economy a European and south-east Asian perspective. Bristol, UK: Intellect. Landry, R. A. (2002). Does Social Capital Determine Innovation? To What Extent? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 681-701.
  • Li, Y., Liu, Y., Li, M., & Wu, H. (2008). Transformational offshore outsourcing: Empirical evidence from alliances in China. Journal of Operations Management, 257–274
  • Lloyd, S. (2006, January 19-25). The Business Review Weekly, pp. 82-83.
  • Lundvall, B. (1992). National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning. London: Pinter.
  • Lundvall, B.-Å. (1997a). Competition and Industrial Dynamics in a Small Open Economy,. the DRUID Summer Seminar on Competition and Industrial Dynamics. Skagen.
  • Lundvall, B.-Å. (1997b). Development Strategies in the Learning Economy. STEPI’s 10th Anniversary Conference . Seoul.
  • Malerba, F. (1992). Learning by Firms and Incremental Tachnical Change. The Economic Journal, 845-859.
  • Narvekar, R. S. (2006). A New Framework to Understand the Technogical Innovation Process. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 174-186.
  • Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. (1995). The Knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation. New York: Oxford.
  • Norman, D., & Verganti, R. (2012). Incremental and Radical Innovation: Design Research vs. Technology and Meaning Change. Design Issues, 78-96.
  • Normann, R. (1971). Organizational innovativeness: product variation and reorientation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 203-215.
  • OECD, Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry. (2011). ISIC REV. 3 TECHNOLOGY INTENSITY DEFINITION. OECD.
  • OECD/Eurostat. (2005). The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities. Oslo Manual: Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data. Paris: 3rd Edition,OECD Publishing.
  • Pesämaa, O., Shoham, A., Wincent, J., & Ruvio, A. (2013). How a learning orientation affects drivers of innovativeness and performance in service delivery. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 169-187.
  • Pini, P., & . Santangelo, G. D. (2010). The Underlying Internal Learning Processes of Incremental and Radical Innovations. An Analysis in the Emilia-Romagna Region. Economia politica, 55-82.
  • Romijn, H., & Albaladejo, M. (2002). Determinants of Innovation Capability in Small Electronics and Software Firms in Southeast England. Research Policy, 1053- 1067.
  • Sagar, A. D., & Zwaan, B. v. (2006). Technological Innovation in The Energy Sector: R&D, Deployment, and Learning-by-Doing. Energy Policy, 2601–2608.
  • Sagara, A. D., & Zwaan, B. v. (2006). Technological Innovation in The Energy Sector: R&D, Deployment, and Learning-by-Doing. Energy Policy, 2601–2608.
  • Schumpeter, J. (1942). Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. New York: Harper.
  • Seker, M. (2009). Importing, Exporting, and Innovation in Developing Countries. Washington DC: The World Bank, Policy Research Working paper.
  • Stein, J. C. (1997). Waves of Creative Destruction: Firm-Specific Learning-byDoing and the Dynamics ofInnovation. The Review of Economic Studies, 265-288.
  • Stringer, R. (2000). How to Manage Radical Innovation . California Management Review, 70-88.
  • Subramaniam, M., & Youndt, M. A. (2005). The Influence of Intellectual Capital on the types of Innovative Capabilities. Academy of Mangement Journal, 450-463.
  • Tellis, G. J., J Prabhu, a. C., & Chandy, R. K. (2007). Innovation in Firms Across Nations: New Metrics and Drivers of Radical Innovation.
  • Tether, B. S. (2002). Who Co-Operates for Innovation, and Why, An Empirical Analysis. Research Policy, 947-967.
  • Tushman, M. L., & Anderson, P. (1986). Technological discontinuities and organizational environments . Administrative Science Quarterly, 439-465.
  • Van de Ven, A. (1986). Central Problems in the Management of Innovation. Management Science, 590-607.
  • Wanda, J. O. (2003). Radical and incremental innovations in systems development: an empirical investigation of case tools. No no. 221, Working papers, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Sloan School of Management.
There are 65 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Industrial Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Hülya Ünlü

Ahmet Kibar Çetin This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ünlü, H., & Çetin, A. K. (2015). The Impact of Learning Processes on Radical Innovation in Less Successful Innovator Countries: Turkey, Macedonia, Slovenia, and Serbia. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 4(2), 123-146.