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Lexical Approach and Theoretical Reflections in Applied Linguistics: Online Methods and Eye Tracking

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 1 - 16, 29.04.2020

Abstract

In recent years, developing technology and the need for fast communication have brought new foreign language teaching methods and techniques and second language acquisition studies have gained speed in terms of function and use of language. These interdisciplinary studies have influenced many fields from linguistics to applied linguistics, education and psycholinguistics. One of the points where all these disciplines work together is the effort to expand the vocabulary size of individuals. The lexical approach has emerged on this basis and many studies have been conducted in the literature for the acquisition of structures such as formulaic language. These studies are conducted with online methods experimentally and one of these methods is eye tracking. Thanks to eye tracking studies, real-time data on the method of language acquisition can be achieved and a wide perspective can be provided through visual maps provided to the brain during the acquisition and storage process. In this study, from linguistics to applied linguistics, the reflections of the theoretical studies in the literature were examined and lexical approach was taken into consideration and information about the online methods based on the lexicology was given.

References

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  • Cortes, V. (2013). The purpose of this study is to: Connecting lexical bundles and moves in research article introductions. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 12(1), 33–43. Doi:10.1016/j.jeap.2012.11.002.
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  • Durrant, P. ve Schmitt, N. (2009). To what extent do native and non-native writers make use of collocations? IRAL International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 47(2), 157-177.
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Sözcüksel Yaklaşım ve Uygulamalı Dilbilimde Kuramsal Yansımalar: Çevrimiçi Yöntemler ve Göz İzleme

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 1 - 16, 29.04.2020

Abstract

Son yıllarda, gelişen teknoloji ve hızla ilerleyen iletişim ihtiyacı yeni yabancı dil öğretim yöntem ve tekniklerini de beraberinde getirmiş ve dilin işlevi ve kullanımı açısından ikinci dil edinim çalışmaları hız kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmalar, disiplinlerarası düzlemde, dilbilimden uygulamalı dilbilime, eğitbilime ve psikodilbilime kadar birçok alanı da etkisi altına almıştır. Tüm bu disiplinlerin ortak çalıştığı noktalardan biri de bireylerin sözlükçesini genişletme çabasıdır. Bu temelde ortaya çıkan sözcüksel yaklaşım ve beraberinde getirdiği kalıplaşmış yapıların edinimi için alanyazında birçok çalışmalar yapıldığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmalar özellikle deneysel tabanda çevrimiçi yöntemlerle yapılmakta ve bu yöntemlerin başında da göz izleme çalışmaları gelmektedir. Göz izleme çalışmaları sayesinde, ikinci bir dili edinen bireylerin dili kavrama yöntemine yönelik gerçek zamanlı verilere ulaşılabilmekte ve dil edinim ve depolama sürecinde bu çalışmaların beyne sağladığı görsel haritalar aracılığıyla geniş bir bakış açısı sağlanabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, dilbilimden uygulamalı dilbilime, alanyazındaki kuramsal çalışmaların yansımaları incelenerek, sözcüksel yaklaşım ele alınmış ve sözlükçe temelinde yapılmış olan çevrimiçi yöntemler konusunda bilgi verilmiştir. 

References

  • Akıncı, M. (2009). Effectiveness Of Corpus Consultancy in Teaching Verb+Noun Collocations to First-Year EST Student. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Boğaziçi University. İstanbul.
  • Altenberg, B. (1998). On the Phraseology of Spoken English: The Evidence of Recurrent Word-Combinations. Cowie A. P. (Ed.) Phraseology: Theory, Analysis and Applications içinde. (s. 101-122) . Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Al-Zahrani, M.S., (1998). Knowledge of English Lexical Collocations among Male Saudi College Students Majoring in English at a Saudi University. Ph.D. UMI, Ann Arbor, MI.
  • Andrew, W., Jennifer, M., ve Cynthia, T. (2014). Reliability of Visual-World Eyetracking for Lexical and Sentence Comprehension Tasks. Frontiers in Psychology 5, Doi: 10.3389/conf.fpsyg.2014.64.00032
  • Bai, X., Liang, F., Blythe, H.I., Zang, C., Yan, G., ve Liversedge, S.P. (2013). Interword spacing effects on the acquisition of new vocabulary for readers of Chinese as a second language. Journal of Research in Reading, 36, 4–17.
  • Barfield, A. ve Gyllstad, H. (2009). Introduction: Researching L2 collocation knowledge and development. Researching collocations in another language içinde. (s.1-18). Palgrave Macmillan UK.
  • Bayraktaroğlu, S. (2012). Neden Yabancı Dil Eğitiminde Başarılı Olamıyoruz? Türkiye’de Yabancı Dil Eğitiminde Eğilim Ne Olmalı? 1. Yabancı Dil Eğitimi Çalıştayı Bildirileri, 12-13 Kasım 2012. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2014.
  • Bertram, R. (2011). Eye Movements and Morphological Processing in Reading. The Mental Lexicon, 6(1), 83–109.
  • Biber, D., Conrad, S. ve V. Cortes (2004). If You Look at…: Lexical Bundles in University Teaching and Textbooks. Applied Linguistics, 25, 371-405.
  • Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S. ve Finegan E. (1999). The Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. London: Longman.
  • Bloomfield, L. (1933). Language. New York: Henry Holt.
  • Bolinger, D. (1976). Meaning and memory. Forum Linguisticum I, 1-14.
  • Bychkovska, T. ve Lee, J. J. (2017). At the same time: Lexical bundles in L1 and L2 university student argumentative writing. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 30, 38-52.
  • Carrol, G., & Conklin, K. (2015). Eye-tracking multi-word units: some methodological questions. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 7(5):5, 1-11.
  • Chace, K. H., Rayner, K. ve Well, A. D. (2005). Eye movements and phonological parafoveal preview: effects of reading skill. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale, 59(3), 209.
  • Chomsky, N. (1995). The Minimalist Program. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
  • Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic structure. Mouton.
  • Clifton, C., Jr., Staub, A., ve Rayner, K. (2007). Eye movements in reading words and sentences. R. Van Gompel, M. Fisher, W. Murray ve R. L. Hill (Eds.), Eye movement research: A window on mind and brain içinde. (s.341-372). Oxford: Elsevier.
  • Cortes, V. (2004). Lexical Bundles in Published and Student Writing in History and Biology. English for Specific Purposes, 23 (4), 397-423.
  • Cortes, V. (2008). A Comparative Analysis of Lexical Bundles in Academic History Writing in English and Spanish. Corpora, 3 (1), 43-57.
  • Cortes, V. (2013). The purpose of this study is to: Connecting lexical bundles and moves in research article introductions. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 12(1), 33–43. Doi:10.1016/j.jeap.2012.11.002.
  • Croft, W. ve Cruse, D. A. (2004). Cognitive Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Croft, W. (2001). Radical Construction Grammar: Syntactic Theory in Typological Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Dagut, M. ve Laufer, B. (1985). Avoidance of phrasal verbs: A case for contrastive analysis. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 7, 73–79.
  • Darwin, C. M. ve Gray, L. S. (1999). “Going after the phrasal verbs: An alternative approach to classification”. TESOL Quarterly, 33, 65–83.
  • De Luca, M., Di Pace, E., Judica, A., Spinelli, D. ve Zoccolotti, P. (1999). Eye movement patterns in linguistic and nonlinguistic tasks in developmental surface dyslexia. Neuropsychologia, 37(12), 1407-1420.
  • Demirel, Ö. (1999). “Yabancı dili öğrenemiyoruz”. Hürriyet Haberleri. http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ egitim/anasayfa/6607825.asp?gid=171. Son erişim tarihi: 19 Ağustos 2019.
  • Desroches, A. S., Joanisse, M. F. ve Robertson, E. K. (2006). Specific phonological impairments in dyslexia revealed by eyetracking. Cognition, 100(3), B32-B42.
  • De. Saussure, F. (1916). Nature of the linguistics sign. Charles Bally ve Albert Sechehaye (Eds.), Cours de linguistique générale içinde, McGraw Hill Education.
  • Dolgunsöz, E. (2016). Using Eye-Tracking to Measure Lexical inferences And its Effects on Reading Rate During Efl Reading. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 12(1), 63-78.
  • Durrant, P. ve Schmitt, N. (2009). To what extent do native and non-native writers make use of collocations? IRAL International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 47(2), 157-177.
  • Ertuğ, C. ve Can, C. I. (2014). Türkiye’de ikinci yabancı dil öğretiminde karşılaşılan sorunlar. Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(2).
  • Evert, S. (2008). Corpora and collocations. An International Handbook, Corpus Linguistics içinde. Article 58. A. Lüdeling ve M. Kytö (Eds.), Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin.
  • Fillmore, L. W. (1979). Individual Differences in Second Language Acquisition. Individual Differences in Language Ability and Language Behavior içinde (s. 203-228).
  • Firth, J. (1951). Modes of Meaning. Papers in Linguistics, 5, 190–215.
  • Firth, J.R. (1957). Papers in Linguistics 1934–1951. Oxford University Press, London.
  • Gardner, D. ve Davies, M. (2007). Pointing out frequent phrasal verbs: A corpus-based analysis. TESOL Quarterly, 41, 339–359.
  • Gençer, B. (2004). Raising EFL Learners’ Awareness of Verb+Noun Collocations Through Chunking to Extend Their Collocational Knowledge of Familiar Nouns. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Anadolu Üniversitesi, Eskişehir.
  • Godfroid, A., Boers, F. ve Housen, A. (2013). An Eye For Words: Gauging The Role of Attention in Incidental L2 Vocabulary Acquisition By Means Of Eye-Tracking. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 35(3), 483-517.
  • Goldberg, A. (1995). Constructions: A Construction Grammar Approach to Argument Structure. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Goldberg, A. (2006). Constructions At Work: The Nature Of Generalization in Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Gordon, P. C., Hendrick, R., Johnson, M. ve Lee, Y. (2006). Similarity-based interference during language comprehension: Evidence from eye tracking during reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 32(6), 1304.
  • Granger, S.(1998b). Prefabricated patterns in advanced EFL writing: collocations and formulae. Cowie, A.P. (Ed.), Phraseology: Theory, Analysis, and Applications içinde. (s.79-100). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Harwood, N. (2002). Taking a Lexical Appraoch To Teaching: Principles And Problems. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 12(2), 139-155.
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There are 93 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fatma Demiray Akbulut 0000-0003-0689-8483

Publication Date April 29, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Demiray Akbulut, F. (2020). Sözcüksel Yaklaşım ve Uygulamalı Dilbilimde Kuramsal Yansımalar: Çevrimiçi Yöntemler ve Göz İzleme. Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Education, 4(1), 1-16.