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Boşanma İle Kadın İşgücü, Tasarruf ve Erkek İşsizliği İlişkisi: Türkiye Bulguları

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 56 - 63, 30.06.2022

Abstract

Bu çalışma, 1990-2020 yıllık verileri kullanılarak erkek işsizlik oranı, kadınların istihdama katılım oranı ve tasarrufun boşanma oranlarına etkisi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Serilere birim kök testleri uygulanmış, sınır testi yapılmış ve uzun dönemli ARDL eşbütünleşme testi yardımıyla katsayılar hesaplanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, kadınların işgücüne katılımındaki %1'lik bir artış boşanmayı %0,07 oranında azaltırken, tasarruftaki %1'lik bir artış boşanmayı %0,1 oranında azaltmaktadır. Erkek işsizliğindeki %1'lik artış ise boşanmaları %0.017 arttırmaktadır. İstihdam piyasası ve işsizlik ekonomik bir paradigma olarak değerlendirilse de sosyal maliyetleri açısından değerlendirildiğinde psikolojik, sosyolojik ve kültürel olarak da önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu yönüyle işsizlik, tasarruf ve kadının istihdam piyasasındaki varlığı hanenin refahını her açıdan belirleyen önemli unsurlardır.

References

  • Ağayev, S. (2010) “Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Geçiş Ekonomileri Örneğinde Panel Eştümleşme ve Panel Nedensellik Analizleri” Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 12(1):159-184.
  • Alptekin, D., & Luo, Y. (2015). The Relatıonshıp Between Female Labor Force Partıcıpatıon And Dıvorce: Panel Data Analysıs On Oecd Countrıes 1. IIB International Refereed Academic Social Sciences Journal, 6(18), 1.
  • Amato, P. R., & Beattie, B. (2011). Does the unemployment rate affect the divorce rate? An analysis of state data 1960–2005. Social Science Research, 40(3), 705-715.
  • Bayrak, S. (2019). Türkiye’de işsizlik ve boşanma ilişkisi: 1980-2017 dönemi için nedensellik analizi. Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 10(1), 39-54.
  • Bentzen, J., & Smith, V. (2002). An empirical analysis of the effect of labor market characteristics on marital dissolution rates (No. 02-14).
  • Bramlett, M.D., & Mosher, W.D. (2001). First marriage dissolution, divorce, and remarriage: United States. Advanced data from vital and health statistics; no. 323. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
  • Braver, S.L., 1999. The gender gap in the standard of living after divorce: vanishingly small? Family Law Quarterly 33, 111–134.
  • Bumpass, L. L., Martin, T. C., & Sweet, J. A. (1991). The impact of family background and early marital factors on marital disruption. Journal of family issues, 12(1), 22-42. Burstein, N. R. (2007). Economic influences on marriage and divorce. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 26(2), 387-429.
  • Cohan, P. (2010). Is the Great Recession Over? Depends on Whom You Ask. Daily Finance. http://www.dailyfinance.com/story/is-the-great-recession-overdepends- who-you-ask/19339840/
  • Conger, R. D., Elder Jr, G. H., Lorenz, F. O., Conger, K. J., Simons, R. L., Whitbeck, L. B., ... & Melby, J. N. (1990). Linking economic hardship to marital quality and instability. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 643-656.
  • Conger, R.D., Conger, K.J., (2002). Resilience in Midwestern families: selected findings from the first decade of a prospective, longitudinal study. Journal of Marriage and Family 64, 361–373.
  • Conger, R.D., Elder, G.H. (1994). Families in Troubled Times: Adapting to Change in Rural America. Aldine de Gruyter, New York.
  • Cornelius, T. J. (2003). A search model of marriage and divorce. Review of Economic Dynamics, 6(1), 135-155.
  • Dickey, D. A. and Fuller, W. A. (1979). “Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74, 427-431.
  • Dücan, E., & Polat, M. A. (2017). Kadın istihdamının ekonomik büyümeye etkisi: OECD ülkeleri için panel veri analizi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26(1), 155-170.
  • Er, Ş. (2012), “Women Indicators of Economic Growth: A Panel Data Approach”, The Economic Research Guardian, 20(1): 27-42.
  • Gujarati, D. N. (2005). Basic econometrics (5 th Reprint).
  • Günsoy, G. and Özsoy, C. (2012), “Türkiye’de Kadın İşgücü, Eğitim ve Büyüme İlişkisinin VAR Analizi”, Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 49(568): 21-40.
  • Hansen, H. (2005). Unemployment and marital dissolution: a panel data study of Norway. European Sociological Review 21, 135–148.
  • Hoehn-Velasco, L., & Penglase, J. (2021). Does unilateral divorce impact women’s labor supply? Evidence from Mexico. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 187, 315-347.
  • Hoffman, S.D., Duncan, G.J. (1995). The effect of incomes, wages, and AFDC benefits on marital disruption. Journal of Human Resources 30, 19–42.
  • Huang, Tsung (2003). “Unemployment and Family Behavior in Taiwan”. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 24(1), 27-48.
  • Jalovaara, M. (2003). The joint effects of marriage partners’ socioeconomic positions on the risk of divorce. Demography 40, 67–81.
  • Jensen, P., Smith N. (1990) “Unemployment and Marital Dissolution”. Journal of Population Economics, 3:215-229.
  • Johnson, D., Booth, A. (1990). Rural economic decline and marital quality: a panel study of farm families. Family Relations 39, 159–165.
  • Kasa, H., & Alptekin, D. D. V. (2015). Türkiye´ de Kadın İşgücünün Büyümeye Etkisi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksek Okulu Dergisi, 18(1), 1-24.
  • Komarovsky, M. (1940). The Unemployed Man and His Family: The Effect of Unemployment Upon the Status of the Man in Fifty-Nine Families. Octagon Books, New York.
  • Korkmaz, M. and Alacahan, N. D. (2013), “Türkiye’de Formel Piyasaya Yönelmede Kadın İşgücü Arzı ve GSYH Etkileri: Ampirik Bir Çalışma”, International Periodical For The Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 8(7): 887-900.
  • Lazarus, R.S., Folkman, S. (1984). Stress Appraisal and Coping. Springer, New York.
  • Lewin, A. C. (2005). The effect of economic stability on family stability among welfare recipients. Evaluation Review, 29(3), 223-240.
  • McManus, P. A., & DiPrete, T. A. (2001). Losers and winners: The financial consequences of separation and divorce for men. American sociological review, 246-268.
  • OECD (2014), Society at a Glance 2014: OECD Social Indicators, OECD Publishing, Paris.
  • Ono, H., H. (1998). Husbands and wives resources and marital dissolution. Journal of Marriage and the Family (60), 674–689.
  • Özer, U., ve Topal, M. H. (2017). Genç İşsizliği, Suç, Göç, Intihar ve Boşanma Düzeyleri ile ilişkili midir? Türkiye’den Ampirik bir Kanıt’. Kirklareli University Journal of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Science, 6(5), 50-63.
  • Peterson, R., (1996). A re-evaluation of the economic consequences of divorce. American Sociological Review 61, 528–536.
  • Phillips, P.C.B. and Perron, P. (1988). “Testing For a Unit Root in Time Series Regression”, Biometrica, 75, 335-346.
  • Preston, S.H., McDonald, J. (1979). The incidence of divorce within cohorts of American marriages contracted since the Civil War. Demography 16, 1–25.
  • Ross, H. L., Sawhill, I. V., & MacIntosh, A. R. (1975). Time of Transition The Growth of Families Headed by Women. The Urban Institute.
  • Sandalcilar, A. R. (2012). Issizlik Bosanmayi Etkiliyor Mu? Bölgesel Panel Nedensellik/Does Unemployment Effect Separations? Regional Panel Causality. Ege Akademik Bakis, 12(2), 225.
  • Smock, P.J., Manning, W.D., Gupta, S. (1999). The effect of marriage and divorce on women’s economic well-being. American Sociological Review 64, 794–812.
  • South, S.J. (1985). Economic conditions and the divorce rate: a time-series analysis of the postwar United States. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 31–41.
  • Statistical Indicators (2012). 1923-2011, Turkish Statistical Institute. https://teyit.fra1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/istatistikgostergeler.pdf
  • Şimşir, N. C., Çondur, F., Bölükbaş, M., & Alataş, S. (2015). Türkiye’de Sağlık ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı. Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, (604), 43-54.

The Relation Between Divorce and Woman Labor Force, Savings And Male Unemployment: Evidence From Turkey

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 56 - 63, 30.06.2022

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between male unemployment rate, female participation in employment and the effects of saving on divorce rates by using annual data from 1990 to 2020. Unit root tests were applied to the series, the bound test was performed, and long-term coefficients were calculated before analyzing the relationships to be revealed with the help of the ARDL cointegration test. According to the results of the study, while a 1% increase in female labor force participation reduces divorce by 0.07%, a 1% increase in savings reduces divorce by 0.1%. The 1% increase in male unemployment increases divorces by 0.017. Although the employment market and unemployment are evaluated as an economic paradigm, they also occupy an important place psychologically, sociologically, and culturally when evaluated in terms of their social costs. In this aspect, unemployment, savings, and the existence of women in the employment market are the important factors that holistically determine the wealth the household.

References

  • Ağayev, S. (2010) “Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Geçiş Ekonomileri Örneğinde Panel Eştümleşme ve Panel Nedensellik Analizleri” Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 12(1):159-184.
  • Alptekin, D., & Luo, Y. (2015). The Relatıonshıp Between Female Labor Force Partıcıpatıon And Dıvorce: Panel Data Analysıs On Oecd Countrıes 1. IIB International Refereed Academic Social Sciences Journal, 6(18), 1.
  • Amato, P. R., & Beattie, B. (2011). Does the unemployment rate affect the divorce rate? An analysis of state data 1960–2005. Social Science Research, 40(3), 705-715.
  • Bayrak, S. (2019). Türkiye’de işsizlik ve boşanma ilişkisi: 1980-2017 dönemi için nedensellik analizi. Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 10(1), 39-54.
  • Bentzen, J., & Smith, V. (2002). An empirical analysis of the effect of labor market characteristics on marital dissolution rates (No. 02-14).
  • Bramlett, M.D., & Mosher, W.D. (2001). First marriage dissolution, divorce, and remarriage: United States. Advanced data from vital and health statistics; no. 323. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
  • Braver, S.L., 1999. The gender gap in the standard of living after divorce: vanishingly small? Family Law Quarterly 33, 111–134.
  • Bumpass, L. L., Martin, T. C., & Sweet, J. A. (1991). The impact of family background and early marital factors on marital disruption. Journal of family issues, 12(1), 22-42. Burstein, N. R. (2007). Economic influences on marriage and divorce. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 26(2), 387-429.
  • Cohan, P. (2010). Is the Great Recession Over? Depends on Whom You Ask. Daily Finance. http://www.dailyfinance.com/story/is-the-great-recession-overdepends- who-you-ask/19339840/
  • Conger, R. D., Elder Jr, G. H., Lorenz, F. O., Conger, K. J., Simons, R. L., Whitbeck, L. B., ... & Melby, J. N. (1990). Linking economic hardship to marital quality and instability. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 643-656.
  • Conger, R.D., Conger, K.J., (2002). Resilience in Midwestern families: selected findings from the first decade of a prospective, longitudinal study. Journal of Marriage and Family 64, 361–373.
  • Conger, R.D., Elder, G.H. (1994). Families in Troubled Times: Adapting to Change in Rural America. Aldine de Gruyter, New York.
  • Cornelius, T. J. (2003). A search model of marriage and divorce. Review of Economic Dynamics, 6(1), 135-155.
  • Dickey, D. A. and Fuller, W. A. (1979). “Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74, 427-431.
  • Dücan, E., & Polat, M. A. (2017). Kadın istihdamının ekonomik büyümeye etkisi: OECD ülkeleri için panel veri analizi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26(1), 155-170.
  • Er, Ş. (2012), “Women Indicators of Economic Growth: A Panel Data Approach”, The Economic Research Guardian, 20(1): 27-42.
  • Gujarati, D. N. (2005). Basic econometrics (5 th Reprint).
  • Günsoy, G. and Özsoy, C. (2012), “Türkiye’de Kadın İşgücü, Eğitim ve Büyüme İlişkisinin VAR Analizi”, Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 49(568): 21-40.
  • Hansen, H. (2005). Unemployment and marital dissolution: a panel data study of Norway. European Sociological Review 21, 135–148.
  • Hoehn-Velasco, L., & Penglase, J. (2021). Does unilateral divorce impact women’s labor supply? Evidence from Mexico. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 187, 315-347.
  • Hoffman, S.D., Duncan, G.J. (1995). The effect of incomes, wages, and AFDC benefits on marital disruption. Journal of Human Resources 30, 19–42.
  • Huang, Tsung (2003). “Unemployment and Family Behavior in Taiwan”. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 24(1), 27-48.
  • Jalovaara, M. (2003). The joint effects of marriage partners’ socioeconomic positions on the risk of divorce. Demography 40, 67–81.
  • Jensen, P., Smith N. (1990) “Unemployment and Marital Dissolution”. Journal of Population Economics, 3:215-229.
  • Johnson, D., Booth, A. (1990). Rural economic decline and marital quality: a panel study of farm families. Family Relations 39, 159–165.
  • Kasa, H., & Alptekin, D. D. V. (2015). Türkiye´ de Kadın İşgücünün Büyümeye Etkisi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksek Okulu Dergisi, 18(1), 1-24.
  • Komarovsky, M. (1940). The Unemployed Man and His Family: The Effect of Unemployment Upon the Status of the Man in Fifty-Nine Families. Octagon Books, New York.
  • Korkmaz, M. and Alacahan, N. D. (2013), “Türkiye’de Formel Piyasaya Yönelmede Kadın İşgücü Arzı ve GSYH Etkileri: Ampirik Bir Çalışma”, International Periodical For The Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 8(7): 887-900.
  • Lazarus, R.S., Folkman, S. (1984). Stress Appraisal and Coping. Springer, New York.
  • Lewin, A. C. (2005). The effect of economic stability on family stability among welfare recipients. Evaluation Review, 29(3), 223-240.
  • McManus, P. A., & DiPrete, T. A. (2001). Losers and winners: The financial consequences of separation and divorce for men. American sociological review, 246-268.
  • OECD (2014), Society at a Glance 2014: OECD Social Indicators, OECD Publishing, Paris.
  • Ono, H., H. (1998). Husbands and wives resources and marital dissolution. Journal of Marriage and the Family (60), 674–689.
  • Özer, U., ve Topal, M. H. (2017). Genç İşsizliği, Suç, Göç, Intihar ve Boşanma Düzeyleri ile ilişkili midir? Türkiye’den Ampirik bir Kanıt’. Kirklareli University Journal of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Science, 6(5), 50-63.
  • Peterson, R., (1996). A re-evaluation of the economic consequences of divorce. American Sociological Review 61, 528–536.
  • Phillips, P.C.B. and Perron, P. (1988). “Testing For a Unit Root in Time Series Regression”, Biometrica, 75, 335-346.
  • Preston, S.H., McDonald, J. (1979). The incidence of divorce within cohorts of American marriages contracted since the Civil War. Demography 16, 1–25.
  • Ross, H. L., Sawhill, I. V., & MacIntosh, A. R. (1975). Time of Transition The Growth of Families Headed by Women. The Urban Institute.
  • Sandalcilar, A. R. (2012). Issizlik Bosanmayi Etkiliyor Mu? Bölgesel Panel Nedensellik/Does Unemployment Effect Separations? Regional Panel Causality. Ege Akademik Bakis, 12(2), 225.
  • Smock, P.J., Manning, W.D., Gupta, S. (1999). The effect of marriage and divorce on women’s economic well-being. American Sociological Review 64, 794–812.
  • South, S.J. (1985). Economic conditions and the divorce rate: a time-series analysis of the postwar United States. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 31–41.
  • Statistical Indicators (2012). 1923-2011, Turkish Statistical Institute. https://teyit.fra1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/istatistikgostergeler.pdf
  • Şimşir, N. C., Çondur, F., Bölükbaş, M., & Alataş, S. (2015). Türkiye’de Sağlık ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı. Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, (604), 43-54.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Economics, Women's Studies
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Kubilay Çağrı Yılmaz 0000-0002-2489-9968

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yılmaz, K. Ç. (2022). The Relation Between Divorce and Woman Labor Force, Savings And Male Unemployment: Evidence From Turkey. JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 7(1), 56-63.

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