Research Article
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Investigation of the Historical Development of the Inkwell from Antiquity to the Present in the Light of Terracotta, Faience, Metal and Glass Artifacts

Year 2022, Issue: 30, 397 - 415, 27.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.56597/kausbed.1117875

Abstract

The invention of writing in ancient times is a literary beginning of the record archive for mankind. While the records in this archive were initially processed on elements such as stone, clay, wax and wood, in the later process they were processed on easy-to-write elements such as papyrus, parchment and paper. The substance used to write on them is ink. The functional properties of the ink such as long-term use, preservation of quality and no odor have been made possible by the use of inkwells. In this study, it is aimed to examine the inkwells made of terracotta, tile, metal and glass chronologically, to deal with their forms, to determine their place among writing and writing instruments and to deal with their historical development as a whole.

References

  • Acar, Ş. (1998). Eski Mürekkepler, Hokka ve Divitler. Antik ve Dekor, 44, 92-102.
  • Belli, O. (2004). Anadolu’da Kalay ve Bronzun Tarihçesi. Antalya: Graphis Matbaa.
  • Bussiere, J. & Wohl, B.L. (2017). Ancient Lamps in the J. Paul Getty Museum. Los Angeles: Getty Publications.
  • Christiansena, T., Cotteb, M., Nolfb, W., Mourob, E., Reyes-Herrera, J., Meyerd, S., Vanmeertd, F., Salvadof, N., Gonzalez, V., Lindelofh, P. E., Mortensen, K, Ryholta, K., Janssensd, K., Larsen, S. (2020). Insights into The Composition of Ancient Egyptian Red and Black inks on Papyri Achieved by Synchrotron-Based Microanalyses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1-11.
  • Coşkun, H. T. (2019). Bizans El Yazmalarındaki İncilci Minyatürlerinden Cam Hokkalar. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 36 (1), 163-178.
  • Delemen, İ. & Çokay-Kepçe, S. (2009). Grek ve Roma Kap Formları Sözlüğü. İstanbul: Türk Eskiçağ Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yayınları.
  • Eckardt, H. (2017). Writing power: the material culture of literacy as representation and practice. Oxford: Oxbow Books.
  • Hassaan, G.A. (2018). Mechanical Engineering in Ancient Egypt, Part 62: Papyrus Industry, International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology, 6, Issue 1, 7-17.
  • Isings, C. (1957). Roman Glass From Dates Finds.
  • Kayaoğlu, G. İ. (1998). Divitler. Antik ve Dekor, 44, 136.
  • Kelly-Simpson, W. (2003). The Literature of Ancient Egypt, An Anthology Of Stories, Instructions, Stelae, Autobiographies, and Poetry, Vol.3. (Translate. R.T. Ritner, V.A. Tobin, E. Wente), New Haven & London: Yale Universty Press.
  • Kidd, S. (2017). Written Greek but Drawn Egyptian: Script changes in a Bilingual Dream Papyrus. Written Greek but Drawn Egyptian, 239-252.
  • Küçükerman, Ö. (2008). Türkiye’nin Kültür Mirası, 100 Cam. İstanbul: NTV yayınları.
  • Laviola, V. & Studiorum, A. M. (2017). Theree Islamic Inkwells From Ghazni Excavation. Vicino Oriente XXI, 111-126.
  • Lightfoot, C. S. (2013). K. Levent Zoroğlu’na Armağan. M. Tekocak (Ed.) Write Or Light? Roman Glass Inkwells ve Lamps içinde (ss. 425-430), Ayrıbasım. Antalya: AKMED.
  • Mair, G. A. (2021). Black Inlaid Roman Inkwells Froma Trieste, Italy. Melanges Offerts a Michel Feugere, 1-10.
  • Marwan, D., Eldin, M. N. & Aboudy, E. O. (2022). The Utilization of the Bivalve Shells as Palettes in Ancient Egypt. Journal Of The Faculty Of Archaeology, 25, 3-25.
  • Memiş, M. (2017). Hat Sanatına Terminolojik Bir Yaklaşım, XX. Uluslararası Orta çağ ve Türk Dönemi Kazıları ve Sanat Tarihi Araştırmaları Sempozyumu Bildirileri, II. Cilt içinde (ss. 554-565). Sakarya: Sakarya Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Oliver Jr. A. (1980). Ancient Glass in the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh. United Stated of America: Carnegie Institute.
  • Özgeriş, M. (1998). XVIII. Yüzyıl Divan Şiirinde Hat Malzemeleri. Antik ve Dekor, No. 44, 167-193.
  • Rasmussen, K. L., Tenorio, A. L., Bonaduce, I., Colombini, M. P., Birolo, L., Galano, E., Amoresano, A., Doudna, G., Bond, A. D., Palleschi, V., Lorenzetti, G., Legnaioli, S., Plicht, J. & Gunneweg, J. (2012). The constituents of the ink from a Qumran inkwell: New Prospects for Provenancing the ink on the Dead Sea Scrolls. Journal of Archaeological Science 39, 2956-2968.
  • Remazeilles, C. & Conforto, E. (2008). A Buried Roman Bronze Inkwell Chemical Interactions With Agricultural Fertilizers. Studies in Conservation 53, 110-117.
  • Scalf, F. (2017). Book of the Dead Becoming God in Ancient Egypt. Chicago: Oriental institute Museum Publications 39.
  • Sibilia, M., Stani, C., Gigli, L., Pollastri, S., Migliori, A., d’Amico, F., Schmid, C., Licen, S., Crosera, M., Adami, G., Barbieri, P., Plasier, R. J., Aquilanti, G., Vaccari, L., Buson, S., Gonzato, F. (2021). A Multidisciplinary Study Unveils the Nature of a Roman Ink of the I Century AD, Scientific Reports.
  • Streckert, K. A. & Seevens, B. (2019). A Unique Early Roman Inkweel From Ancient Shiloh. Near East Archaeological Society Bulletin, 51-55.
  • Taragan, H. (2005). The “Speaking” Inkwell From Khurasan: Object As “World” in Iranian Medieval Metalwork. Muqarnas, XXII, 27-42.
  • Tomlin, R.S. (2016). Roman London’s First Voices: Writing Tablets From the Bloomberg Excavations, 2010-14. United Kingdom: Published by Mola.
  • Uzel, İ. (2000). Anadolu’da Bulunan Tıp Aletleri. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi.
  • Ünal, C., Özcihan, İ. & Toy, M. (2021). A Group of Roman and Late Antique Bone Objects Found in Ancient Tralleis. ADALYA, 24, 269-297.
  • Vitoa, C. D., Medeghini L., Mignardi, S., Coletti, F. & Contino, A. (2017). Roman Glazed İnkwells from the “Nuovo Mercato di Testaccio” (Rome, Italy): Production technology. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 1779-1788.
  • Whitehouse, D. (1997). Roman Glass in the Corning Museum of Glass. Vol. 1. New York: Hudson Hills.
  • Wight, K. B. (2011). Molten Color Glassmaking in Antiquity. J. Paul Getty Museum.

ESKİÇAĞ’DAN GÜNÜMÜZE MÜREKKEP HOKKASININ TARİHSEL GELİŞİMİNİN PİŞMİŞ TOPRAK, FAYANS, METAL VE CAM ESERLER IŞIĞINDA İNCELENMESİ

Year 2022, Issue: 30, 397 - 415, 27.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.56597/kausbed.1117875

Abstract

Eskiçağda yazının icadı, insanoğlu için kayıt arşivinin yazınsal bir başlangıcıdır. Bu arşivdeki kayıtlar ilk başlarda taş, kil, balmumu ve ağaç gibi unsurlara işlenmeye başlarken, sonraki süreçte papirüs, parşömen ve kağıt gibi üzerine yazımı kolay unsurlara işlenmiştir. Üzerlerine yazmak için kullanılan madde mürekkeptir. Mürekkebin uzun süreli kullanımı, kalitesini koruması ve koku yapmaması gibi fonksiyonel özellikleri de hokka kullanımları ile mümkün olmuştur. Bu çalışmamızda pişmiş toprak, fayans, metal ve camdan üretilmiş mürekkep hokkalarının kronolojik olarak incelenmesi, formlarının ele alınması, yazı ve yazı gereçleri arasındaki yerinin belirlenmesi ve tarihsel gelişiminin bir bütün ele alınması amaçlanmıştır.

References

  • Acar, Ş. (1998). Eski Mürekkepler, Hokka ve Divitler. Antik ve Dekor, 44, 92-102.
  • Belli, O. (2004). Anadolu’da Kalay ve Bronzun Tarihçesi. Antalya: Graphis Matbaa.
  • Bussiere, J. & Wohl, B.L. (2017). Ancient Lamps in the J. Paul Getty Museum. Los Angeles: Getty Publications.
  • Christiansena, T., Cotteb, M., Nolfb, W., Mourob, E., Reyes-Herrera, J., Meyerd, S., Vanmeertd, F., Salvadof, N., Gonzalez, V., Lindelofh, P. E., Mortensen, K, Ryholta, K., Janssensd, K., Larsen, S. (2020). Insights into The Composition of Ancient Egyptian Red and Black inks on Papyri Achieved by Synchrotron-Based Microanalyses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1-11.
  • Coşkun, H. T. (2019). Bizans El Yazmalarındaki İncilci Minyatürlerinden Cam Hokkalar. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 36 (1), 163-178.
  • Delemen, İ. & Çokay-Kepçe, S. (2009). Grek ve Roma Kap Formları Sözlüğü. İstanbul: Türk Eskiçağ Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yayınları.
  • Eckardt, H. (2017). Writing power: the material culture of literacy as representation and practice. Oxford: Oxbow Books.
  • Hassaan, G.A. (2018). Mechanical Engineering in Ancient Egypt, Part 62: Papyrus Industry, International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology, 6, Issue 1, 7-17.
  • Isings, C. (1957). Roman Glass From Dates Finds.
  • Kayaoğlu, G. İ. (1998). Divitler. Antik ve Dekor, 44, 136.
  • Kelly-Simpson, W. (2003). The Literature of Ancient Egypt, An Anthology Of Stories, Instructions, Stelae, Autobiographies, and Poetry, Vol.3. (Translate. R.T. Ritner, V.A. Tobin, E. Wente), New Haven & London: Yale Universty Press.
  • Kidd, S. (2017). Written Greek but Drawn Egyptian: Script changes in a Bilingual Dream Papyrus. Written Greek but Drawn Egyptian, 239-252.
  • Küçükerman, Ö. (2008). Türkiye’nin Kültür Mirası, 100 Cam. İstanbul: NTV yayınları.
  • Laviola, V. & Studiorum, A. M. (2017). Theree Islamic Inkwells From Ghazni Excavation. Vicino Oriente XXI, 111-126.
  • Lightfoot, C. S. (2013). K. Levent Zoroğlu’na Armağan. M. Tekocak (Ed.) Write Or Light? Roman Glass Inkwells ve Lamps içinde (ss. 425-430), Ayrıbasım. Antalya: AKMED.
  • Mair, G. A. (2021). Black Inlaid Roman Inkwells Froma Trieste, Italy. Melanges Offerts a Michel Feugere, 1-10.
  • Marwan, D., Eldin, M. N. & Aboudy, E. O. (2022). The Utilization of the Bivalve Shells as Palettes in Ancient Egypt. Journal Of The Faculty Of Archaeology, 25, 3-25.
  • Memiş, M. (2017). Hat Sanatına Terminolojik Bir Yaklaşım, XX. Uluslararası Orta çağ ve Türk Dönemi Kazıları ve Sanat Tarihi Araştırmaları Sempozyumu Bildirileri, II. Cilt içinde (ss. 554-565). Sakarya: Sakarya Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Oliver Jr. A. (1980). Ancient Glass in the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh. United Stated of America: Carnegie Institute.
  • Özgeriş, M. (1998). XVIII. Yüzyıl Divan Şiirinde Hat Malzemeleri. Antik ve Dekor, No. 44, 167-193.
  • Rasmussen, K. L., Tenorio, A. L., Bonaduce, I., Colombini, M. P., Birolo, L., Galano, E., Amoresano, A., Doudna, G., Bond, A. D., Palleschi, V., Lorenzetti, G., Legnaioli, S., Plicht, J. & Gunneweg, J. (2012). The constituents of the ink from a Qumran inkwell: New Prospects for Provenancing the ink on the Dead Sea Scrolls. Journal of Archaeological Science 39, 2956-2968.
  • Remazeilles, C. & Conforto, E. (2008). A Buried Roman Bronze Inkwell Chemical Interactions With Agricultural Fertilizers. Studies in Conservation 53, 110-117.
  • Scalf, F. (2017). Book of the Dead Becoming God in Ancient Egypt. Chicago: Oriental institute Museum Publications 39.
  • Sibilia, M., Stani, C., Gigli, L., Pollastri, S., Migliori, A., d’Amico, F., Schmid, C., Licen, S., Crosera, M., Adami, G., Barbieri, P., Plasier, R. J., Aquilanti, G., Vaccari, L., Buson, S., Gonzato, F. (2021). A Multidisciplinary Study Unveils the Nature of a Roman Ink of the I Century AD, Scientific Reports.
  • Streckert, K. A. & Seevens, B. (2019). A Unique Early Roman Inkweel From Ancient Shiloh. Near East Archaeological Society Bulletin, 51-55.
  • Taragan, H. (2005). The “Speaking” Inkwell From Khurasan: Object As “World” in Iranian Medieval Metalwork. Muqarnas, XXII, 27-42.
  • Tomlin, R.S. (2016). Roman London’s First Voices: Writing Tablets From the Bloomberg Excavations, 2010-14. United Kingdom: Published by Mola.
  • Uzel, İ. (2000). Anadolu’da Bulunan Tıp Aletleri. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi.
  • Ünal, C., Özcihan, İ. & Toy, M. (2021). A Group of Roman and Late Antique Bone Objects Found in Ancient Tralleis. ADALYA, 24, 269-297.
  • Vitoa, C. D., Medeghini L., Mignardi, S., Coletti, F. & Contino, A. (2017). Roman Glazed İnkwells from the “Nuovo Mercato di Testaccio” (Rome, Italy): Production technology. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 1779-1788.
  • Whitehouse, D. (1997). Roman Glass in the Corning Museum of Glass. Vol. 1. New York: Hudson Hills.
  • Wight, K. B. (2011). Molten Color Glassmaking in Antiquity. J. Paul Getty Museum.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Archaeology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ayşegül Soslu 0000-0002-1104-1145

Publication Date December 27, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 30

Cite

APA Soslu, A. (2022). Investigation of the Historical Development of the Inkwell from Antiquity to the Present in the Light of Terracotta, Faience, Metal and Glass Artifacts. Kafkas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(30), 397-415. https://doi.org/10.56597/kausbed.1117875