Mantık Araştırmaları Dergisi

Abstract

Mızân al-ukûl and Philosophy Lessons include both classical logic topics and methods and symbolic logic studies that had just begun in the West during their time. The fact that their authors knew many languages allowed them to acquire the works published in the West and to evaluate them by reading them. There are French or English equivalents of some concepts and phrases in Mızânü'l-ukūl and Philosophy Lessons. This situation has helped to know the logic-related equivalents in the western literature. On the other hand, the fact that these works include evaluations or criticis of foreign ideas and works, and their comparative analysis of classıc and new logic is another remarkable aspect of the works. The section on formal logic in the last part of the Philosophy Lessons and the views here are important. According to Izmirli, this new type of logic helps the consistency of the idea, it is useful. However, the new logic is applied to the idea in the same way as the subject. So it does not belong to the conformity of the idea with things.
Mızân al-ukûl is processed more detailed and productively with a critical view of symbolic logic.
He discussed the method of methodology in his work Fenn-i Menâhic. However, Mızân al-ukûl was published about 26 years before this work. Therefore, Ali Sedad has more details on this subject. In addition, Ali Sedad gives mathematical and competent examples in his work. The examples in Philosophy Lessons are often the same.
Ali Sedad is the first to refer to the quantity of the predicate in the last period of the Ottoman Empire. He states that western logicians think that they have brought innovation by increasing the modes of qiyas to 72, but this is not an innovation, it is exaggerated and of course not.
There is another remarkable finding of Ali Sedad, which is this: The West neither served nor developed logic as much as Andalusian Muslim logicians.
He states that the method, which was on the agenda in the West at that time, was "related to how the rules of logic are applied to science and science".
Keywords: Logıc, Philosophy Lessons, Mızân al-Ukûl.