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THE SPANISH FLU IN 1918-1920 IN SOME FRENCH NEWSPAPERS AND BULLETINS OF THAT PERIOD

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 61 - 80, 25.12.2020

Sedat Kanat

Abstract

The aim of this study is to reveal under the shaded various public dimensions of the Spanish Flu in 1918-1920s through the French Newspapers and Bulletins of those years. Data has been selected, especially, from historical section that was the summer of 1918 to the summer of 1925. Because this period is the most intense epoch of the epidemic. Besides, it is impossible to investigate the all press of that epoch in a small-scale article like here is. Results was obtained from around thirty publications. It was encountered with two sorts of approaches for the flu in the journals. The first of those was quite critical on the precautions for the flu, and these (critiques) was based on scientific information. The second approach was rather relaxed against epidemic’s process and it wasn’t anxious overly. These results indicate once again, generally, the mankind is divided into two throughout history in front of realities: excessive worried persons and excessive relaxed persons in front of facts and events, but of being middling.

Keywords

The French Newspapers and Bulletins, The Precautions for the Flu, The Spanish Flu.

References

  • Académie du Morvan, (2005), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9603126s/f49.image.r=journauxespagnol%20grippe?rk=42918;4 (Accessed: 02.06.2020).
  • Bar-Hen, A. and Zylberman, P., (2015), “La presse Parisienne et la grippe “espagnole” (1918-1920), file:///C:/Users/Sedat%20Kanat/Desktop/Articles/English/Akademik%20Matbuat/The%20Papers%20dealing%20with%20the%20Spanish%20Flu/SEVE_047_0035.pdf (Accessed: 25.06.2020).
  • Bulletin Périodique de la Presse Allemande, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6417678n/f6.item.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole.zoom (Accessed: 11.06.2020).
  • Bulletin Périodique de la Presse Bulgare, (1919), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6419915s/f2.item.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole.zoom (Accessed: 12.06.2020).
  • Bulletin Périodique de la Presse Russe, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k64736782/f1.item.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole.zoom (Accessed: 18.06.2020).
  • Casella, N., (2020), “Covid-19 e Influenza Spagnola del 1918: Analogie, Differenze e Lezioni del Passato Valide Anche per il Presente”, https://www.pharmastar.it/news/primo-piano/covid-19-e-influenza-spagnola-del-1918-analogie-differenze-e-lezioni-del-passato-valide-anche-per-il-presente-31859 (Accessed: 22.06.2020).
  • Cidorchik, A., (2020), Самый убийственный грипп. Как человечество пережило «испанку».https://aif.ru/society/history/samyy_ubiystvennyy_gripp_kak_chelovechestvo_perezhilo_ispanku (Accessed: 23.06.2020).
  • Colombo, C., (2006), Damit die “Spanische Grippe” nicht zurückkehrt. Gesundheit. http://www.fen.ch/texte/mh_krankenpflege-pandemien.pdf (Accessed: 24.06.2020).
  • Considérations Cliniques sur L’Épidémie de Grippe Observée Dans L’Arrondissement de Pontarlier (Doubs) Pendant L’Année 1918, https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9799472n/f13.image.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnol%20grippe%20espagnol (Accessed:19-20-21-28.05.2020).
  • https://nv.ua/world/countries/epidemiya-ispanskogo-grippa-posledstviya-pandemii-ispanki-1918-1919-gg-40003081.html (Accessed: 18.06.2020).
  • https://ruski.radio.cz/ispanskiy-gripp-smertonosnee-chem-voyna-8103368 (Accessed: 19.06.2020).
  • https://tr.qwe.wiki/wiki/Marajo (Accessed: 19.06.2020).
  • https://www.nogeoingegneria.com/effetti/salute/1918-influenza-spagnola-influenza-killer-o-aspirina-killer/ (Accessed: 22.06.2020).
  • https://www.vanillamagazine.it/14-fotografie-ricordano-linfluenza-spagnola-la-piu-letale-epidemia-della-storia-dellumanita/ (Accessed: 22.06.2020).
  • Hygia, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6557624f/f4.image.r=espagnol%20grippe?rk=364808;4 (Accessed: 05.05.2020).
  • Journal de Fourmies, (1939), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1259499b/f4.item.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole.zoom (Accessed: 18.06.2020).
  • Journal de Médecine et de Chirurqie Pratiques, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5735343v/f57.image.r=pressegrippe%20espagnole?rk=85837;2 (Accessed: 18.05.2020).
  • Journal de Physiologie et de Pathologie Générale, (1919), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6361318m/f166.item.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole.zoom (Accessed: 11.06.2020).
  • Journal Officiel de la République Française, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k62187441/f1.item.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnolespagnol%20grippe%20grippe%20espagnol%20espagnol%20grippe.zoom (Accessed: 28-29.05.2020 and 01.06.2020).
  • Informations Sociales, (1951), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k97677475/f47.image.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole?rk=21459;2 (Accessed: 11.06.2020).
  • La Défence, (no date), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9808439g/f10.item.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnolgrippe%20espagnole.zoom (Accessed: 16.06.2020).
  • La Lanterne: Journal Politique Quotidien, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k7517773c/f2.item.r=journauxespagnol%20grippegrippe%20espagnol.zoom (Accessed: 05.06.2020). La Rire: Journal Humoristiques, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6308028g/f4.image.r=journauxespagnol%20grippegrippe%20espagnol (Accessed: 02.06.2020).
  • La Méthode Lo Monaco: Les Injections de Saccharose dans le Traitement de la Tuberculose, (1919), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5624656p/f70.image.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole?rk=3562249;2 (Accessed: 16.06.2020).
  • La Nation: Revue Suisse Hebdomadaire, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6523273g/f4.image.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole?rk=3691005;2 (Accessed: 16.06.2020).
  • La Vie Parisienne, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1258420n/f15.item.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole.zoom (Accessed: 18.06.2020).
  • Le Canard: Journal des Prisonniers de Guerre, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5673870q/f5.item.r=journauxespagnol%20grippegrippe%20espagnol.zoom (Accessed: 05.06.2020).
  • L’Écho de Bougie, (1929), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5578312v/f1.item.r=journauxespagnol%20grippegrippe%20espagnol.zoom (Accessed: 02-03-04-05.06.2020).
  • L’Écho: Grand Giotidien d’Information du Centre Quest, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k46597210/f2.item.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole%20grippe%20espagnole.zoom (Accessed: 08.06.2020).
  • Le Grand Écho du Nord de la France, (1922), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k47587601/f2.image.r=journauxespagnol%20grippegrippe%20espagnol?rk=21459;2 (Accessed: 05.06.2020).
  • Le Journal, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k76014899/f2.image.r=espagnol%20grespagnol%20grippe?rk=21459;2 (Accessed: 18.05.2020).
  • Le Petit Journal, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k621965q/f1.item.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole.zoom (Accessed: 08.06.2020).
  • Le Phare du Dahomey, (1946), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k63914374/f2.item.r=jounauxgrippe%20espagnole.zoom (Accessed: 18.06.2020).
  • Le Radical, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k7604943z/f2.item.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole.zoom (Accessed: 15.06.2020).
  • Le Semeur Algérien: Paraissant Le Dimanche, (1919), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6376897s/f2.image.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole?rk=3326196;4 (Accessed: 12.06.2020).
  • Le Tamatave, (1919), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5417365s/f1.image.r=pressegrippe%20espagnole?rk=85837;2 (Accessed: 18.05.2020).
  • L’Quest-Éclair, December, (1939), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k501985q/f1.item.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole.zoom (Accessed: 11.06.2020).
  • Lüthy, I. A., Ritacco V., Kantor I. N., (2018), “A Cien Años de la Gripe Española”, Medicina, v. 78, pp. 113-118.
  • Lyon Médical: Gazette Medicale et Journal de Médecine Réunis, (1919), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6520939x/f151.image.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole?rk=2081555;2 (Accessed: 08.06.2020).
  • Mémoires de l’Académie des Sciences, (2000), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9788405n/f125.image.r=jounauxgrippe%20espagnole?rk=21459;2 (Accessed: 19.06.2020).
  • Mercure de France, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2018297/f188.image.r=jounauxgrippe%20espagnole (Accessed: 19.06.2020).
  • Michels, E., (2010), “Die Spanische Grippe”, Vierteljahrshefte Für Zeitgeschichte. Jahrgang: 58, Heft: 1, 1-35.
  • Regards, (1945), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k76391121/f2.item.r=jounauxgrippe%20espagnole.zoom (Accessed: 19.06.2020).
  • Vers La Santé, (1925), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5411635t/f39.image.r=grippe?rk=21459;2 (Accessed: 05 and 08.06.2020).

THE SPANISH FLU IN 1918-1920 IN SOME FRENCH NEWSPAPERS AND BULLETINS OF THAT PERIOD

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 61 - 80, 25.12.2020

Sedat Kanat

Abstract

The aim of this study is to reveal under the shaded various public dimensions of the Spanish Flu in 1918-1920s through the French Newspapers and Bulletins of those years. Data has been selected, especially, from historical section that was the summer of 1918 to the summer of 1925. Because this period is the most intense epoch of the epidemic. Besides, it is impossible to investigate the all press of that epoch in a small-scale article like here is. Results was obtained from around thirty publications. It was encountered with two sorts of approaches for the flu in the journals. The first of those was quite critical on the precautions for the flu, and these (critiques) was based on scientific information. The second approach was rather relaxed against epidemic’s process and it wasn’t anxious overly. These results indicate once again, generally, the mankind is divided into two throughout history in front of realities: excessive worried persons and excessive relaxed persons in front of facts and events, but of being middling.

Keywords

The French Newspapers and Bulletins The Precautions for the Flu The Spanish Flu.

References

  • Académie du Morvan, (2005), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9603126s/f49.image.r=journauxespagnol%20grippe?rk=42918;4 (Accessed: 02.06.2020).
  • Bar-Hen, A. and Zylberman, P., (2015), “La presse Parisienne et la grippe “espagnole” (1918-1920), file:///C:/Users/Sedat%20Kanat/Desktop/Articles/English/Akademik%20Matbuat/The%20Papers%20dealing%20with%20the%20Spanish%20Flu/SEVE_047_0035.pdf (Accessed: 25.06.2020).
  • Bulletin Périodique de la Presse Allemande, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6417678n/f6.item.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole.zoom (Accessed: 11.06.2020).
  • Bulletin Périodique de la Presse Bulgare, (1919), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6419915s/f2.item.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole.zoom (Accessed: 12.06.2020).
  • Bulletin Périodique de la Presse Russe, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k64736782/f1.item.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole.zoom (Accessed: 18.06.2020).
  • Casella, N., (2020), “Covid-19 e Influenza Spagnola del 1918: Analogie, Differenze e Lezioni del Passato Valide Anche per il Presente”, https://www.pharmastar.it/news/primo-piano/covid-19-e-influenza-spagnola-del-1918-analogie-differenze-e-lezioni-del-passato-valide-anche-per-il-presente-31859 (Accessed: 22.06.2020).
  • Cidorchik, A., (2020), Самый убийственный грипп. Как человечество пережило «испанку».https://aif.ru/society/history/samyy_ubiystvennyy_gripp_kak_chelovechestvo_perezhilo_ispanku (Accessed: 23.06.2020).
  • Colombo, C., (2006), Damit die “Spanische Grippe” nicht zurückkehrt. Gesundheit. http://www.fen.ch/texte/mh_krankenpflege-pandemien.pdf (Accessed: 24.06.2020).
  • Considérations Cliniques sur L’Épidémie de Grippe Observée Dans L’Arrondissement de Pontarlier (Doubs) Pendant L’Année 1918, https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9799472n/f13.image.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnol%20grippe%20espagnol (Accessed:19-20-21-28.05.2020).
  • https://nv.ua/world/countries/epidemiya-ispanskogo-grippa-posledstviya-pandemii-ispanki-1918-1919-gg-40003081.html (Accessed: 18.06.2020).
  • https://ruski.radio.cz/ispanskiy-gripp-smertonosnee-chem-voyna-8103368 (Accessed: 19.06.2020).
  • https://tr.qwe.wiki/wiki/Marajo (Accessed: 19.06.2020).
  • https://www.nogeoingegneria.com/effetti/salute/1918-influenza-spagnola-influenza-killer-o-aspirina-killer/ (Accessed: 22.06.2020).
  • https://www.vanillamagazine.it/14-fotografie-ricordano-linfluenza-spagnola-la-piu-letale-epidemia-della-storia-dellumanita/ (Accessed: 22.06.2020).
  • Hygia, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6557624f/f4.image.r=espagnol%20grippe?rk=364808;4 (Accessed: 05.05.2020).
  • Journal de Fourmies, (1939), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1259499b/f4.item.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole.zoom (Accessed: 18.06.2020).
  • Journal de Médecine et de Chirurqie Pratiques, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5735343v/f57.image.r=pressegrippe%20espagnole?rk=85837;2 (Accessed: 18.05.2020).
  • Journal de Physiologie et de Pathologie Générale, (1919), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6361318m/f166.item.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole.zoom (Accessed: 11.06.2020).
  • Journal Officiel de la République Française, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k62187441/f1.item.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnolespagnol%20grippe%20grippe%20espagnol%20espagnol%20grippe.zoom (Accessed: 28-29.05.2020 and 01.06.2020).
  • Informations Sociales, (1951), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k97677475/f47.image.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole?rk=21459;2 (Accessed: 11.06.2020).
  • La Défence, (no date), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9808439g/f10.item.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnolgrippe%20espagnole.zoom (Accessed: 16.06.2020).
  • La Lanterne: Journal Politique Quotidien, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k7517773c/f2.item.r=journauxespagnol%20grippegrippe%20espagnol.zoom (Accessed: 05.06.2020). La Rire: Journal Humoristiques, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6308028g/f4.image.r=journauxespagnol%20grippegrippe%20espagnol (Accessed: 02.06.2020).
  • La Méthode Lo Monaco: Les Injections de Saccharose dans le Traitement de la Tuberculose, (1919), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5624656p/f70.image.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole?rk=3562249;2 (Accessed: 16.06.2020).
  • La Nation: Revue Suisse Hebdomadaire, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6523273g/f4.image.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole?rk=3691005;2 (Accessed: 16.06.2020).
  • La Vie Parisienne, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1258420n/f15.item.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole.zoom (Accessed: 18.06.2020).
  • Le Canard: Journal des Prisonniers de Guerre, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5673870q/f5.item.r=journauxespagnol%20grippegrippe%20espagnol.zoom (Accessed: 05.06.2020).
  • L’Écho de Bougie, (1929), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5578312v/f1.item.r=journauxespagnol%20grippegrippe%20espagnol.zoom (Accessed: 02-03-04-05.06.2020).
  • L’Écho: Grand Giotidien d’Information du Centre Quest, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k46597210/f2.item.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole%20grippe%20espagnole.zoom (Accessed: 08.06.2020).
  • Le Grand Écho du Nord de la France, (1922), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k47587601/f2.image.r=journauxespagnol%20grippegrippe%20espagnol?rk=21459;2 (Accessed: 05.06.2020).
  • Le Journal, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k76014899/f2.image.r=espagnol%20grespagnol%20grippe?rk=21459;2 (Accessed: 18.05.2020).
  • Le Petit Journal, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k621965q/f1.item.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole.zoom (Accessed: 08.06.2020).
  • Le Phare du Dahomey, (1946), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k63914374/f2.item.r=jounauxgrippe%20espagnole.zoom (Accessed: 18.06.2020).
  • Le Radical, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k7604943z/f2.item.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole.zoom (Accessed: 15.06.2020).
  • Le Semeur Algérien: Paraissant Le Dimanche, (1919), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6376897s/f2.image.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole?rk=3326196;4 (Accessed: 12.06.2020).
  • Le Tamatave, (1919), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5417365s/f1.image.r=pressegrippe%20espagnole?rk=85837;2 (Accessed: 18.05.2020).
  • L’Quest-Éclair, December, (1939), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k501985q/f1.item.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole.zoom (Accessed: 11.06.2020).
  • Lüthy, I. A., Ritacco V., Kantor I. N., (2018), “A Cien Años de la Gripe Española”, Medicina, v. 78, pp. 113-118.
  • Lyon Médical: Gazette Medicale et Journal de Médecine Réunis, (1919), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6520939x/f151.image.r=journauxgrippe%20espagnole?rk=2081555;2 (Accessed: 08.06.2020).
  • Mémoires de l’Académie des Sciences, (2000), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9788405n/f125.image.r=jounauxgrippe%20espagnole?rk=21459;2 (Accessed: 19.06.2020).
  • Mercure de France, (1918), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2018297/f188.image.r=jounauxgrippe%20espagnole (Accessed: 19.06.2020).
  • Michels, E., (2010), “Die Spanische Grippe”, Vierteljahrshefte Für Zeitgeschichte. Jahrgang: 58, Heft: 1, 1-35.
  • Regards, (1945), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k76391121/f2.item.r=jounauxgrippe%20espagnole.zoom (Accessed: 19.06.2020).
  • Vers La Santé, (1925), https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5411635t/f39.image.r=grippe?rk=21459;2 (Accessed: 05 and 08.06.2020).
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Sedat Kanat

Publication Date December 25, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kanat, S. (2020). THE SPANISH FLU IN 1918-1920 IN SOME FRENCH NEWSPAPERS AND BULLETINS OF THAT PERIOD. Akademik MATBUAT, 4(2), 61-80.
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