Research Article
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The Examination of the Relationship Between Perceived Social Support and Parenting Stress Levels of Mothers

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 1 - 14, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.52826/mcbuefd.1167056

Abstract

In the study, it was aimed to determine the relationship between the perceived social support and parenting stress levels of mothers with preschool children, and to determine whether the perceived social support and parenting stress levels of mothers differ according to the working status of the mothers. The study group of the research consisted of 306 mothers of 5-6 year old children who were educated in kindergartens in Aydın province Efeler district, who volunteered to participate. Personal Information Form, Revised Parent Social Support Scale and Parent Stress Scale were used as data collection tools. As a result of the research, the difference between the mothers' perceived social cohesion, care support sub-dimensions and the total perceived social support level and parenting stress levels; A statistically positive and significant relationship was found between the total and sub-dimensions of satisfaction with perceived social support and parenting stress levels. The difference between the mean rank of parenting stress levels of working and non-working mothers; the difference between the total social support level and the mean rank of its sub-dimensions; The difference between the total score of satisfaction with social support and the mean rank of its sub-dimensions was found to be statistically significant.

References

  • Avioli, P.S. (1985). The labor-force participation of married mothers of infants. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 47, 739-745.
  • Barrera, M.Jr. (1986). Distinctions between social support concepts, measures, and moods. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14, 413-445.
  • Baruch, G.K. & Barnett, R.C. (1988). Consequences of fathers’ participation in family work: Parents’ role strain and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 983-992.
  • Block, J.H. (1990). Motherhood as metamorphosis: Change and continuity in the life of a new mother. New York: Dutton.
  • Bridges, J.S., & Orza, A.M. (1992). The effects of employment role and motive for employment on the perceptions of mothers. Sex Roles, 27, 331-343.
  • Burke, R. J., & Weir, J. (1977b). Marital helping relationships: The moderators between stress and well-being. The Journal o f Psychology, 95, 121-130.
  • Cleary, P.D., & Mechanic D. (1983). Sex differences in psychological distress among married people. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 111-121.
  • Cohen, S., & Wills, T.A. (1985). Stress, social support and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 310-357.
  • Cotton, D.H. (1990). Stress management: An integrated approach to therapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel, Inc.
  • Cronkite, R.C., & Moos, R.H. (1984). The role o f predisposing and moderating factors in the stress-illness relationships. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 25, 372-393.
  • Ege, E., Timur, S., Zincir, H., & Reeder, B.S. (2008). Social support and symtoms of postpartum depression among new mothers in Eastern Turkey. J Obstet. Gynaecol. Res., 34(4), 585-593.
  • Ertürk, N. (2007). Doğum sonrası destek ölçeğinin Türk toplumuna uyarlanması. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Ege Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Etaugh, C., & Nekolny, K. (1990). Effects of employment status and marital status on perceptions of mothers. Sex Roles, 23, 273-280.
  • Gore, S. (1978). The effect of social support in moderating the health consequences of unemployment. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 19, 157-165.
  • Gore, S., & Mangione, T.W. (1983). Social roles, sex roles and psychological distress: Additive and interactive models of sex differences. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 300-312.
  • Görgü, E. (2005). 3-7 yaş arası otistik çoçuğa sahip olan annelerin algıladıkları sosyal destek düzeyleri ile depresyon düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Marmara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Gray, J.D. (1983). The married professional woman: An examination o f her role conflicts and coping strategies. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 7, 235-243.
  • Greenglass, E.R. (1993). The contribution of social support to coping strategies. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 42, 323-340.
  • Heller, K., & Swindle, R.W. (1983). Social networks, perceived social support and coping with stress. In R. D. Felner, L. A. Jason, J. N. Moritsugu, & S. S. Farber (Eds.) , Preventative psychology: Theory, research and practice in community intervention (pp. 87-103). New York: Pergamon Press.
  • Heller, K., Swindle, R.W., & Dusenbury, L. (1986). Component social support processes: Comments and integration. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 466-470.
  • Hoffman, L.W. (1979). Maternal employment. American Psychologist, 34(10), 859-865.
  • Johnson, C.L., & Johnson, F.A. (1977). Attitudes toward parenting in dual-career families. American Journal o f Psychiatry, 734, 391-395.
  • Kaley, M. (1971). Attitudes toward the dual role of the married professional women. American Psychologist, 26(3), 301-306.
  • Kaner, S. (2010). Yenilenmiş anne-baba sosyal destek ölçeği’nin psikometrik özellikleri. Eğitim ve Bilim, 35(157), 15-29.
  • Karasar, N. (2015). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Kaymak-Özmen, S., & Özmen, A. (2012). Anne baba stres ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. Milli Eğitim, 20(196), 20-35.
  • Kazak, A.E., & Marvin, R.E. (1984). Differences, difficulties and adaptation stress and social networks in families with handicapped child. Family Relation, 33, 67-77.
  • Kessler, R.C., & McRae, J. A., Jr. (1982). The effects of wives’ employment on the mental health of married men and women. American Sociological Review, 47, 216-227.
  • La Rocco, J.M., House, J.S., & French, J.R. (1980). Social support, occupational stress, and health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21, 202-218.
  • Marshall, N., & Barnett, N. (1991). Race, class, and multiple role strains among women employed in the service sector. Women & Health, 17(4), 1-15.
  • Marshall, N., & Barnett, N. (1992). Work-related support among women in care giving occupations. Journal of Community Psychology, 20, 36-42.
  • Monroe, S.M. (1983). Major and minor life events as predictors of psychological distress: Further issues and findings. Journal o f Behavioral Medicine, 6, 189-205.
  • Monroe, S.M., Bromet, E.J., Connell, M.M. & Steiner, S.C. (1986). Social support, life events, and depressive symptoms: A 1-year perspective study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 424-431.
  • Oakley, A. (1974). The sociology of housework. New York: Pantheon.
  • Pearlin, L. (1983). Role strains and personal stress. In H.B. Kaplan (Ed.). Psychological stress: Trends and research (pp. 3-31). New York: Academic Press.
  • Pearlin, L., & Schlloer, C. (1978). The structure of coping. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 19, 2-21.
  • Piotrkowski, C.S., & Repetti, R.L. (1984). Dual-earner families. Marriage and Family Review, 7, 99-124.
  • Russo, N.F. (1979). Overview: Sex roles, fertility and the motherhood mandate. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 4, 7-15.
  • Schaefer, C., Coyne, J.C., & Lazarus, R.S. (1981). The health related functions of social support. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4, 381-406.
  • Schneider-Stewart, H. (2000). The interrelated effects of perceived social support, social pressure, social perceptions, and role-related guilt on the stress, life satisfaction, and parental satisfaction, of mothers with preschool children: The heart of the maternal dilemma. Doctorate thesis. The Fielding Institute, Santa Barbara.
  • Sheppard, M. (1994). Childcare, social support and maternal depression: A review and application of findings. British Journal of Social Work, 24, 287-310.
  • Tabachnick, B., & Fidell, L.S. (2015). Çok değişkenli istatistiklerin kullanımı. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Tezel-Şahin, F. & Özbey, S. (2007). Aile eğitim programlarına niçin gereksinim duyulmuştur? Aile eğitim programları neden önemlidir? Aile ve Toplum, 3(12), 7-12.
  • Turner, R.J. (1981). Social support as a contingency in psychological well-being. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 22, 357-367.
  • Vanfossen, B.E. (1981). Sex difference in the mental health effects of spouse support and equality. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 22, 130-143.
  • Walker, L. L., & Walker, J. L. (1980). Trait anxiety in mothers: Difference associated with employment status, family size, and age of children. Psychological Reports, 47, 295-299.
  • White, L. (1972). Maternal employment and anxiety over mother role. Louisiana State University Journal of Sociology, 61-81.
  • White, L. (1975). Maternal employment and anxiety over mother role. Louisiana State University Journal of Sociology, 2, 93-110.
  • Wilcox, B.I. (1981). Social support, life stress, and psychological adjustment: A test of the buffering hypothesis. American Journal of Community Psychology, 9, 371-386.
  • Winter, D., Stewart, A., & McClelland, D. (1977). Husband’s motives and wife’s career level. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 159-199.

Annelerin Algıladıkları Sosyal Destek ile Ebeveynlik Stres Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 1 - 14, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.52826/mcbuefd.1167056

Abstract

Araştırmada, okul öncesi dönem çocuğu olan annelerin algıladıkları sosyal destek ile ebeveynlik stres düzeyleri arasında nasıl bir ilişki olduğunun tespit edilmesi ile annelerin algıladıkları sosyal destek ve ebeveynlik stres düzeylerinin annelerin çalışma durumu değişkenine göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, Aydın ili Efeler ilçesinde bulunan anaokullarında eğitim gören 5-6 yaş grubu çocukların annelerinden katılımcı olmaya gönüllü 306 anne oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Yenilenmiş Anne-Baba Sosyal Destek Ölçeği ve Anne-Baba Stres Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, annelerin algıladıkları sosyal birliktelik, bakım desteği alt boyutları ve algılanan sosyal destek düzeyi toplamı ile ebeveynlik stres düzeyleri arasında; algılanan sosyal destekten memnuniyet düzeyi toplamı ve alt boyutları ile ebeveynlik stres düzeyleri arasında istatistiksel olarak pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Çalışan ve çalışmayan annelerin, ebeveynlik stres düzeyi sıra ortalamaları arasındaki fark; sosyal destek düzeyi toplamı ve alt boyutlarına ilişkin sıra ortalamaları arasındaki fark; sosyal destekten memnuniyet düzeyi toplam puan ve alt boyutlarına ilişkin sıra ortalamaları arasındaki fark istatiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur.

References

  • Avioli, P.S. (1985). The labor-force participation of married mothers of infants. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 47, 739-745.
  • Barrera, M.Jr. (1986). Distinctions between social support concepts, measures, and moods. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14, 413-445.
  • Baruch, G.K. & Barnett, R.C. (1988). Consequences of fathers’ participation in family work: Parents’ role strain and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 983-992.
  • Block, J.H. (1990). Motherhood as metamorphosis: Change and continuity in the life of a new mother. New York: Dutton.
  • Bridges, J.S., & Orza, A.M. (1992). The effects of employment role and motive for employment on the perceptions of mothers. Sex Roles, 27, 331-343.
  • Burke, R. J., & Weir, J. (1977b). Marital helping relationships: The moderators between stress and well-being. The Journal o f Psychology, 95, 121-130.
  • Cleary, P.D., & Mechanic D. (1983). Sex differences in psychological distress among married people. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 111-121.
  • Cohen, S., & Wills, T.A. (1985). Stress, social support and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 310-357.
  • Cotton, D.H. (1990). Stress management: An integrated approach to therapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel, Inc.
  • Cronkite, R.C., & Moos, R.H. (1984). The role o f predisposing and moderating factors in the stress-illness relationships. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 25, 372-393.
  • Ege, E., Timur, S., Zincir, H., & Reeder, B.S. (2008). Social support and symtoms of postpartum depression among new mothers in Eastern Turkey. J Obstet. Gynaecol. Res., 34(4), 585-593.
  • Ertürk, N. (2007). Doğum sonrası destek ölçeğinin Türk toplumuna uyarlanması. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Ege Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Etaugh, C., & Nekolny, K. (1990). Effects of employment status and marital status on perceptions of mothers. Sex Roles, 23, 273-280.
  • Gore, S. (1978). The effect of social support in moderating the health consequences of unemployment. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 19, 157-165.
  • Gore, S., & Mangione, T.W. (1983). Social roles, sex roles and psychological distress: Additive and interactive models of sex differences. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 300-312.
  • Görgü, E. (2005). 3-7 yaş arası otistik çoçuğa sahip olan annelerin algıladıkları sosyal destek düzeyleri ile depresyon düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Marmara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Gray, J.D. (1983). The married professional woman: An examination o f her role conflicts and coping strategies. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 7, 235-243.
  • Greenglass, E.R. (1993). The contribution of social support to coping strategies. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 42, 323-340.
  • Heller, K., & Swindle, R.W. (1983). Social networks, perceived social support and coping with stress. In R. D. Felner, L. A. Jason, J. N. Moritsugu, & S. S. Farber (Eds.) , Preventative psychology: Theory, research and practice in community intervention (pp. 87-103). New York: Pergamon Press.
  • Heller, K., Swindle, R.W., & Dusenbury, L. (1986). Component social support processes: Comments and integration. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 466-470.
  • Hoffman, L.W. (1979). Maternal employment. American Psychologist, 34(10), 859-865.
  • Johnson, C.L., & Johnson, F.A. (1977). Attitudes toward parenting in dual-career families. American Journal o f Psychiatry, 734, 391-395.
  • Kaley, M. (1971). Attitudes toward the dual role of the married professional women. American Psychologist, 26(3), 301-306.
  • Kaner, S. (2010). Yenilenmiş anne-baba sosyal destek ölçeği’nin psikometrik özellikleri. Eğitim ve Bilim, 35(157), 15-29.
  • Karasar, N. (2015). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Kaymak-Özmen, S., & Özmen, A. (2012). Anne baba stres ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. Milli Eğitim, 20(196), 20-35.
  • Kazak, A.E., & Marvin, R.E. (1984). Differences, difficulties and adaptation stress and social networks in families with handicapped child. Family Relation, 33, 67-77.
  • Kessler, R.C., & McRae, J. A., Jr. (1982). The effects of wives’ employment on the mental health of married men and women. American Sociological Review, 47, 216-227.
  • La Rocco, J.M., House, J.S., & French, J.R. (1980). Social support, occupational stress, and health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21, 202-218.
  • Marshall, N., & Barnett, N. (1991). Race, class, and multiple role strains among women employed in the service sector. Women & Health, 17(4), 1-15.
  • Marshall, N., & Barnett, N. (1992). Work-related support among women in care giving occupations. Journal of Community Psychology, 20, 36-42.
  • Monroe, S.M. (1983). Major and minor life events as predictors of psychological distress: Further issues and findings. Journal o f Behavioral Medicine, 6, 189-205.
  • Monroe, S.M., Bromet, E.J., Connell, M.M. & Steiner, S.C. (1986). Social support, life events, and depressive symptoms: A 1-year perspective study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 424-431.
  • Oakley, A. (1974). The sociology of housework. New York: Pantheon.
  • Pearlin, L. (1983). Role strains and personal stress. In H.B. Kaplan (Ed.). Psychological stress: Trends and research (pp. 3-31). New York: Academic Press.
  • Pearlin, L., & Schlloer, C. (1978). The structure of coping. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 19, 2-21.
  • Piotrkowski, C.S., & Repetti, R.L. (1984). Dual-earner families. Marriage and Family Review, 7, 99-124.
  • Russo, N.F. (1979). Overview: Sex roles, fertility and the motherhood mandate. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 4, 7-15.
  • Schaefer, C., Coyne, J.C., & Lazarus, R.S. (1981). The health related functions of social support. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4, 381-406.
  • Schneider-Stewart, H. (2000). The interrelated effects of perceived social support, social pressure, social perceptions, and role-related guilt on the stress, life satisfaction, and parental satisfaction, of mothers with preschool children: The heart of the maternal dilemma. Doctorate thesis. The Fielding Institute, Santa Barbara.
  • Sheppard, M. (1994). Childcare, social support and maternal depression: A review and application of findings. British Journal of Social Work, 24, 287-310.
  • Tabachnick, B., & Fidell, L.S. (2015). Çok değişkenli istatistiklerin kullanımı. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Tezel-Şahin, F. & Özbey, S. (2007). Aile eğitim programlarına niçin gereksinim duyulmuştur? Aile eğitim programları neden önemlidir? Aile ve Toplum, 3(12), 7-12.
  • Turner, R.J. (1981). Social support as a contingency in psychological well-being. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 22, 357-367.
  • Vanfossen, B.E. (1981). Sex difference in the mental health effects of spouse support and equality. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 22, 130-143.
  • Walker, L. L., & Walker, J. L. (1980). Trait anxiety in mothers: Difference associated with employment status, family size, and age of children. Psychological Reports, 47, 295-299.
  • White, L. (1972). Maternal employment and anxiety over mother role. Louisiana State University Journal of Sociology, 61-81.
  • White, L. (1975). Maternal employment and anxiety over mother role. Louisiana State University Journal of Sociology, 2, 93-110.
  • Wilcox, B.I. (1981). Social support, life stress, and psychological adjustment: A test of the buffering hypothesis. American Journal of Community Psychology, 9, 371-386.
  • Winter, D., Stewart, A., & McClelland, D. (1977). Husband’s motives and wife’s career level. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 159-199.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Burcu Bağcı Çetin 0000-0002-7708-8974

Publication Date June 30, 2023
Submission Date August 25, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Bağcı Çetin, B. (2023). Annelerin Algıladıkları Sosyal Destek ile Ebeveynlik Stres Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.52826/mcbuefd.1167056