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Dikkat Eksikliği ve Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu’nda Doğum Sırası ve Kardeş Sayısı: Olgu Kontrol Çalışması

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 26 - 31, 30.04.2024

Orhan Kocaman Tayfun Kara Pınar Aydoğan Avşar Tacettin Kuru

https://doi.org/10.30565/medalanya.1439641

Abstract

Amaç: Son yıllarda Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu (DEHB) etyolojisine yönelik çalışmalarda aile ve doğuma ilişkin etkenlere odaklanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu (DEHB) ile doğum sırası ve kardeş sayısı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem: Çalışmaya DEHB tanısına sahip 135 çocuk ile 104 sağlıklı çocuk olmak üzere toplam 239 katılımcı alınmıştır. Tüm katılımcılar DSM-5 temelli psikiyatrik muayene ile değerlendirilmiş ve sosyodemografik veri formları elde edilmiştir. Olgu grubuna ilave olarak DEHB belirti şiddetini değerlendirmek için Conners Anababa Dereceleme Ölçeği-Yenilenmiş Kısa Formu uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular istatistiksel yöntemler ile karşılaştırılmıştır.

Bulgular: DEHB olan bireyler ile sağlıklı kontroller arasında doğum sırası ve kardeş sayısı açısından anlamlı farklılık saptanmamıştır (sırasıyla p=0,252/p=0,222). DEHB’li grupta doğum sırası ile hiperaktivite ve karşı gelme alt ölçekleri arasında anlamlı düzeyde pozitif korelasyon saptanmıştır (sırasıyla r=0.212, p=0,022/ r=0,231, p=0,012). DEHB li grupta kardeş sayısı ile karşı gelme alt ölçeği arasında anlamlı düzeyde pozitif korelasyon saptanmıştır (r=0,237, p=0,009).

Sonuç: Çalışmamızda DEHB ve kontrol grubu arasında doğum sırası ve kardeş sayısı açısından anlamlı fark saptanmadı. DEHB tanılı çocuklarda doğum sırası arttıkça hiperaktivite ve karşı gelme bulgularının arttığı görüldü. Aynı zamanda kardeş sayısı arttıkça karşıt gelme bulgularının arttığı görüldü. Bu bulguların gelecekteki DEHB’ye yönelik araştırmalarda dikkate alınması gerektiğini düşünmekteyiz.

Keywords

Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu doğum sırası kardeş sayısı

References

  • 1. Austerman J. ADHD and behavioral disorders: Assessment, management, and an update from DSM-5. Cleve Clin J Med. 2015;82(11 Suppl 1):S2-7. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.82.s1.01.
  • 2. Sayal K, Prasad V, Daley D, Ford T, Coghill D. ADHD in children and young people: prevalence, care pathways, and service provision. Lancet Psychiatry. 2018;5(2):175–86. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30167-0.
  • 3. Olusanya BO, Davis AC, Wertlieb D, Boo N-Y, Nair MKC, Halpern R, et al. Developmental disabilities among children younger than 5 years in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6(10):e1100–21. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30309-7.
  • 4. Carlsson T, Ma FM, Taylor MJ, Jonsson U, Bölte S. Early environmental risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders-a systematic review of twin and sibling studies. Dev Psychopathol. 2021;33(4):1448–95. doi: 10.1017/S0954579420000620.
  • 5. Freitag CM, Haenig S, Schneider A, Seitz C, Palmason H, Retz W, et al. Biological and psychosocial environmental risk factors influence symptom severity and psychiatric comorbidity in children with ADHD. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2012;119(1):81–94. doi:10.1007/s00702-011-0659-9.
  • 6. Carballo JJ, De Leon V, García-Nieto R, Lvarez-García RA, Caro-Cañ I, López-Castromán J, et al. Sibship size, birth order, family structure and childhood mental disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2013;48(8):1327–33. doi: 10.1007/s00127-013-0661-7.
  • 7. Risal A, Tharoor H. Birth order and psychopathology. J Family Med Prim Care. 2012;1(2):137–140. doi: 10.4103/2249-4863.10498.
  • 8. Reimelt C, Wolff N, Hölling H, Mogwitz S, Ehrlich S, Martini J, et al. Siblings and Birth Order-Are They Important for the Occurrence of ADHD? J Atten Disord. 2021;25(1):81–90. doi: 10.1177/1087054718770020.
  • 9. Jahangard L, Haghighi M, Bajoghli H, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Brand S. Among a sample of Iranian students, adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is related to childhood ADHD, but not to age, gender, socioeconomic status, or birth order-An exploratory study. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract. 2013;17(4):273–8. doi: 10.3109/13651501.2013.800555.
  • 10. Keshavarzi Z, Bajoghli H, Mohamadi MR, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Brand S. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children is found to be related to the occurrence of ADHD in siblings and the male gender, but not to birth order, when compared to healthy controls. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract. 2014;18(4):272–9. doi: 10.3109/13651501.2014.957704.
  • 11. Blanchard R. A possible second type of maternal-fetal immune interaction involved in both male and female homosexuality. Arch Sex Behav. 2012;41(6):1507–11. doi: 10.1007/s10508-011-9896-0.
  • 12. Turner T, Pihur V, Chakravarti A. Quantifying and modeling birth order effects in autism. PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e26418. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026418.
  • 13. Marín AM, Seco FL, Serrano SM, García SA, Gaviria Gómez AM, Ney I. Do firstborn children have an increased risk of ADHD? J Atten Disord. 2014;18(7):594–7. doi: 10.1177/1087054712445066.
  • 14. Conners CK, Sitarenios G, Parker JDA, Epstein JN. The revised Conners’ Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-R): factor structure, reliability, and criterion validity. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1998;26(4):257–68. doi: 10.1023/a:1022602400621.
  • 15. Kaner S, Büyüköztürk Ş, İşeri E. Conners Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short: Turkish Standardization Study. Arch Neuropsychiatry. 2013; 50(2):100–9. doi: 10.4274/npa.y 6219.
  • 16. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS, Ullman JB. (2013) Using multivariate statistics. Boston, MA: Pearson.
  • 17. Thapar A, Cooper M, Jefferies R, Stergiakouli E. What causes attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? Arch Dis Child. 2012;97(3):260–5. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2011-300482.
  • 18. Berger I, Felsenthal Berger N. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and birth order. J Child Neurol. 2009;24(6):692–6. doi: 10.1177/0883073808330763.
  • 19. Yürümez E, Uğur Ç. The relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and birth order. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2017;24(3):229–37.
  • 20. Ghanizadeh A, Abotorabi-Zarchi M, Mohammadi MR, Firoozabadi A. Birth Order and Sibling Gender Ratio of a Clinical Sample Birth Order and Sibling Gender Ratio of a Clinical Sample of Children and Adolescents Diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Iranian J Psychiatry. 2012;7(2):109–13. PMID: 23139691.
  • 21. Cantwell DP. Attention deficit disorder: A review of the past 10 years. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1996;35(8):978–87. doi:10.1097/00004583-199608000-00008.
  • 22. Lawson DW, Mace R. Siblings and childhood mental health: Evidence for a later-born advantage. Soc Sci Med. 2010; 70(12):2061–2069. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.03.009.
  • 23. Çak HT, Gökler B. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and associated perinatal risk factors in preterm children. Turk Arch Pediatr. 2013;48(4):315–22. doi: 10.4274/tpa.682.
  • 24. Richter J, Richter G, Eisemann M, Mau R. Sibship size, sibship position, parental rearing and psychopathological manifestations in adults: Preliminary analysis. Psychopathology. 1997;30(3):155–62. doi:10.1159/000285042.
  • 25. Çöp E, Kültür SEÇ, Dinç GS. Association between parenting styles and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2017;28(1):1–8. doi: 10.5080/u11227.

Birth Order and Number of Siblings in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Case Control Study

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 26 - 31, 30.04.2024

Orhan Kocaman Tayfun Kara Pınar Aydoğan Avşar Tacettin Kuru

https://doi.org/10.30565/medalanya.1439641

Abstract

Aim: Studies addressing the etiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in recent years have focused on family and birth-related factors.This study aimed to examine the relationship between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and birth order and number of siblings.

Method: A total of 239 participants, 135 children diagnosed with ADHD and 104 healthy children, were included in the study. All participants were evaluated through DSM-5-based psychiatric examinations, and their sociodemographic data forms were obtained. Conners’ Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short form (CPRS-RS) was also applied to the case group in order to determine the severity of ADHD symptoms. The findings were then compared using statistical methods.

Results: No significant difference was observed between the individuals with ADHD and the healthy controls in terms of birth order or number of siblings (p= 0.252 and p= 0.222, respectively). A significant positive correlation was determined in the ADHD group between birth order and hyperactivity and oppositional subscales (r= 0.212, p= 0.022 and r= 0.231, p= 0.012, respectively). A significant positive correlation was also determined in the ADHD group between number of siblings and the oppositional subscale (r= 0.237, p= 0.009).

Conclusions:In our study, no significant difference was observed between the ADHD and control groups in terms of birth order or number of siblings.It was observed that hyperactivity and defiance symptoms increased as birth order increased in children diagnosed with ADHD. Oppositional findings also increased in line with the number of siblings.We think that these findings should be taken into consideration in future research on ADHD.

Keywords

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder birth order number of siblings

Ethical Statement

Ethics Committee Approval: Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Clinical Research Ethics Committee, 22/11/2023, Number:17-01

Supporting Institution

The authors declared that this study has received no financial support.

Thanks

We wish to express our gratitudeto the participants; without their contribution, this study would not have been possible.

References

  • 1. Austerman J. ADHD and behavioral disorders: Assessment, management, and an update from DSM-5. Cleve Clin J Med. 2015;82(11 Suppl 1):S2-7. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.82.s1.01.
  • 2. Sayal K, Prasad V, Daley D, Ford T, Coghill D. ADHD in children and young people: prevalence, care pathways, and service provision. Lancet Psychiatry. 2018;5(2):175–86. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30167-0.
  • 3. Olusanya BO, Davis AC, Wertlieb D, Boo N-Y, Nair MKC, Halpern R, et al. Developmental disabilities among children younger than 5 years in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6(10):e1100–21. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30309-7.
  • 4. Carlsson T, Ma FM, Taylor MJ, Jonsson U, Bölte S. Early environmental risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders-a systematic review of twin and sibling studies. Dev Psychopathol. 2021;33(4):1448–95. doi: 10.1017/S0954579420000620.
  • 5. Freitag CM, Haenig S, Schneider A, Seitz C, Palmason H, Retz W, et al. Biological and psychosocial environmental risk factors influence symptom severity and psychiatric comorbidity in children with ADHD. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2012;119(1):81–94. doi:10.1007/s00702-011-0659-9.
  • 6. Carballo JJ, De Leon V, García-Nieto R, Lvarez-García RA, Caro-Cañ I, López-Castromán J, et al. Sibship size, birth order, family structure and childhood mental disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2013;48(8):1327–33. doi: 10.1007/s00127-013-0661-7.
  • 7. Risal A, Tharoor H. Birth order and psychopathology. J Family Med Prim Care. 2012;1(2):137–140. doi: 10.4103/2249-4863.10498.
  • 8. Reimelt C, Wolff N, Hölling H, Mogwitz S, Ehrlich S, Martini J, et al. Siblings and Birth Order-Are They Important for the Occurrence of ADHD? J Atten Disord. 2021;25(1):81–90. doi: 10.1177/1087054718770020.
  • 9. Jahangard L, Haghighi M, Bajoghli H, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Brand S. Among a sample of Iranian students, adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is related to childhood ADHD, but not to age, gender, socioeconomic status, or birth order-An exploratory study. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract. 2013;17(4):273–8. doi: 10.3109/13651501.2013.800555.
  • 10. Keshavarzi Z, Bajoghli H, Mohamadi MR, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Brand S. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children is found to be related to the occurrence of ADHD in siblings and the male gender, but not to birth order, when compared to healthy controls. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract. 2014;18(4):272–9. doi: 10.3109/13651501.2014.957704.
  • 11. Blanchard R. A possible second type of maternal-fetal immune interaction involved in both male and female homosexuality. Arch Sex Behav. 2012;41(6):1507–11. doi: 10.1007/s10508-011-9896-0.
  • 12. Turner T, Pihur V, Chakravarti A. Quantifying and modeling birth order effects in autism. PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e26418. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026418.
  • 13. Marín AM, Seco FL, Serrano SM, García SA, Gaviria Gómez AM, Ney I. Do firstborn children have an increased risk of ADHD? J Atten Disord. 2014;18(7):594–7. doi: 10.1177/1087054712445066.
  • 14. Conners CK, Sitarenios G, Parker JDA, Epstein JN. The revised Conners’ Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-R): factor structure, reliability, and criterion validity. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1998;26(4):257–68. doi: 10.1023/a:1022602400621.
  • 15. Kaner S, Büyüköztürk Ş, İşeri E. Conners Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short: Turkish Standardization Study. Arch Neuropsychiatry. 2013; 50(2):100–9. doi: 10.4274/npa.y 6219.
  • 16. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS, Ullman JB. (2013) Using multivariate statistics. Boston, MA: Pearson.
  • 17. Thapar A, Cooper M, Jefferies R, Stergiakouli E. What causes attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? Arch Dis Child. 2012;97(3):260–5. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2011-300482.
  • 18. Berger I, Felsenthal Berger N. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and birth order. J Child Neurol. 2009;24(6):692–6. doi: 10.1177/0883073808330763.
  • 19. Yürümez E, Uğur Ç. The relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and birth order. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2017;24(3):229–37.
  • 20. Ghanizadeh A, Abotorabi-Zarchi M, Mohammadi MR, Firoozabadi A. Birth Order and Sibling Gender Ratio of a Clinical Sample Birth Order and Sibling Gender Ratio of a Clinical Sample of Children and Adolescents Diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Iranian J Psychiatry. 2012;7(2):109–13. PMID: 23139691.
  • 21. Cantwell DP. Attention deficit disorder: A review of the past 10 years. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1996;35(8):978–87. doi:10.1097/00004583-199608000-00008.
  • 22. Lawson DW, Mace R. Siblings and childhood mental health: Evidence for a later-born advantage. Soc Sci Med. 2010; 70(12):2061–2069. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.03.009.
  • 23. Çak HT, Gökler B. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and associated perinatal risk factors in preterm children. Turk Arch Pediatr. 2013;48(4):315–22. doi: 10.4274/tpa.682.
  • 24. Richter J, Richter G, Eisemann M, Mau R. Sibship size, sibship position, parental rearing and psychopathological manifestations in adults: Preliminary analysis. Psychopathology. 1997;30(3):155–62. doi:10.1159/000285042.
  • 25. Çöp E, Kültür SEÇ, Dinç GS. Association between parenting styles and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2017;28(1):1–8. doi: 10.5080/u11227.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychiatry
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Orhan Kocaman 0000-0002-7504-5604

Tayfun Kara 0000-0002-2156-3457

Pınar Aydoğan Avşar 0000-0001-5938-3243

Tacettin Kuru 0000-0002-0313-558X

Publication Date April 30, 2024
Submission Date February 19, 2024
Acceptance Date March 20, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Kocaman O, Kara T, Aydoğan Avşar P, Kuru T. Birth Order and Number of Siblings in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Case Control Study. Acta Med. Alanya. 2024;8(1):26-31.

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