Abstract
Greek mythology encloses whole of the sacred story that was told about
the paganism as adopted in the Hellenic world. Although they formed the
worldviews of human beings in ancient times as much as the Olympian gods
did, figures described as heroes in the mythical narrative about these gods
and their adventures have not been discussed adequately in academic
works. One of these is definitely Asklepios. Sources spoke of him as a man
but later he became a deity with the help of the cults and temples built in
his name. As the cult was deeply embraced by the Greco-Roman world,
with the Christian faith’s spreading in the same region, it was demonized
and gradually disappeared from the scene. This study presents a twofold
reading on the basis of the historical facts. The first one will deal with the
process of Asklepios’s deification while the second one will enlighten the
way towards his demonization.
Keywords
References
- Agelidis, Soi “Cult and Landscape at Pergamon”, Sacred Landscapes in Anatoliaand Neighboring Regions, Ed. by. C. Gates, J. Morin, T. Zimmermann, British Archeological Report, Oxford:2009.
- Ancient Greek Lyrics, Trans by. Willis Barnstone, Indiana University Press, Indianapolis: 2010.
- Antoninus, Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, Trans. M. Hammond, Penguin Books, Londra:2006.
- Apollodorus, The Library II, Harvard Univeristy Press, New York.
- Bayatlı, Osman, Bergama Tarihinde Asklepion, Bergama Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 1993.
- Burkert, Walter, Greek Religion, Harvard University Press, Massachussets: 1985.
- Cameron, A., - Hall, s., Eusebios, Life of Constantine, Clarandon, Oxford: 1999.
- Chaniotis, Angelos “Illness and Cures in the Greek Propitiatory Inscriptions and Dedications of Lydia and Phrygia”, Ancient Medicine in its Socio- Cultural Context, Ed. by. Horstmanshoff, Ph.J. van der Eijk and P.H. Schrijvers, Amsterdam-Atlanta:1995, vol. II.
- Cicero, De Legibus, II, 8,19, De Natura Deorum, III.
- Coldstream, J.N., “Greek Temples: Why and Where?, Greek Religion and Society, Ed. P. E. Easterling, J. V. Muir, Cambridge University Press, Cambrdige:1985.
- Graves, Robert, The Greek Myths, I, The Folio Society, London: 1998
- Grimal, Pierre, Mitoloji Sözlüğü: Yunan ve Roma, Kabalcı, İstanbul:2012
- Gül, Ahmet,“Lokman Hekim ve Öğütleri”, Erciyes Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, S. 2, Kayseri:1985.
- Harman, Ömer Faruk, “Lokman”, Diyanet İslam Ansiklopedisi, TDV, Ankara: 2003, c. 23.
- Harrison, Jane, Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion, Meridian Books, New York:1955.
- Hart, Gerald, “Asclepius: God of Medicine” Canadian Medical Association Journal, 1965: V. 92.
- Hesiod, Homeric Hymns and Homerica, Ed. By. G. P. Gooldi Tr. Hugh G. Evelyn White, Harvard University Press, London:1982
- Hippocrates I: Ancient Medicine, Trans. W. H. S. Jones, Cambridge University Press, Londra: 1957.
- Homer, Iliad, Trans by. A.T. Murray, Harvard University Press, Londra:2001.
- Lurie, Samuel; Glazerman, Marek, “The History of Ceserean Technique”, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2004, c.189, v. 6
- Maksimovic, J., “Early Christian Martyrs Who Refused to Worship the Cult of Asclepius in the Times of Diocletian”, Acta Medico-Historica Adriatica, C. 8, S. 2, 2010.
- Matyszak, Philip, The Greek and Roman Myths, Thames & Hudson, New York: 2010.
- McCants, William F., Kültür Mitleri, Çev. Merve Tabur, İthaki, İstanbul: 2012
- Mikalson, Jon D., Ancient Greek Religion, Blackwell, Malden, MA: 2005.
- North, J. A., Roman Religion, Oxford University Press, Oxford:2000.
- Ovid, The Metamorphoses, Bk. II, Trans. Horace Gregory, The Viking Press, New York: 1958.
- Panagiotidoi, Olympia, “Asclepius’ Myths and Healing Narratives: Counter- Intuitive Concepts and Cultural Expectations“, Open Library of Humanities, c. 2, s. 1, 2016 (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.16995/olh.34).
- Petsalis-Diomidis, Alexia, Truly Beyond Borders: Aelius Aristides and the Cult of Asklepios, Oxford University Press, NewYork: 2010.
- Pindar, Olympian Odes, Pythian Odes, Ed. and Trans. William H. Race, Harvard University Press, Londra:1997.
- Plutarch, Moralia, Trans. by. Frank C. Babbitt, Harvard University Press, London:1962.
- Porphyry, On Abstinence from Killing Animals, Trans. by. Gillian Clark, Bloomsbury, London:2000
- Strabo, Geography, II, Trans. H. C. Hamilton, Bohn’s Classical Library, Londra:1856.
Abstract
Yunan mitolojisi Helen coğrafyasında kabul gören paganizme ilişkin anlatılan
kutsal hikâyenin bütününü teşkil eder. Olimpos tanrıları ve onların
serüvenleri etrafında dönen bu mitik kurgu içerisinde kahramanlar olarak
ifade edilen kategoride yer alan bazı figürler esasında eskiçağ insanının
inanç dünyasını Olimpos tanrıları kadar şekillendirmekle birlikte akademik
çalışmalarda yeteri kadar ele alınmamıştır. Bunlardan birisi de kuşkusuz
Asklepios’tur. Kaynaklar ilk olarak ondan insan olarak bahsetmekteyken,
adına tesis edilen kült ve tapınaklar aracılığıyla tanrılaştırılmıştır. Greko-
Romen dünyanın en önemli kültlerinden biri olarak kabul gördüğü sırada,
Hıristiyan inancının aynı coğrafyada yayılması neticesinde bu kez şeytanlaştırılmış
ve buna bağlı olarak Asklepios kültü de zamanla ortadan kalkmıştır.
Bu çalışmada bilinen tarihsel verilerin ışığında iki aşamalı bir
değerlendirme öngörülmektedir. İlk aşamada Asklepios’un “tanrılaştırma”
süreci, ikinci aşamada ise “şeytanlaştırma” süreci metinler aracılığıyla
ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır.
Keywords
References
- Agelidis, Soi “Cult and Landscape at Pergamon”, Sacred Landscapes in Anatoliaand Neighboring Regions, Ed. by. C. Gates, J. Morin, T. Zimmermann, British Archeological Report, Oxford:2009.
- Ancient Greek Lyrics, Trans by. Willis Barnstone, Indiana University Press, Indianapolis: 2010.
- Antoninus, Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, Trans. M. Hammond, Penguin Books, Londra:2006.
- Apollodorus, The Library II, Harvard Univeristy Press, New York.
- Bayatlı, Osman, Bergama Tarihinde Asklepion, Bergama Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 1993.
- Burkert, Walter, Greek Religion, Harvard University Press, Massachussets: 1985.
- Cameron, A., - Hall, s., Eusebios, Life of Constantine, Clarandon, Oxford: 1999.
- Chaniotis, Angelos “Illness and Cures in the Greek Propitiatory Inscriptions and Dedications of Lydia and Phrygia”, Ancient Medicine in its Socio- Cultural Context, Ed. by. Horstmanshoff, Ph.J. van der Eijk and P.H. Schrijvers, Amsterdam-Atlanta:1995, vol. II.
- Cicero, De Legibus, II, 8,19, De Natura Deorum, III.
- Coldstream, J.N., “Greek Temples: Why and Where?, Greek Religion and Society, Ed. P. E. Easterling, J. V. Muir, Cambridge University Press, Cambrdige:1985.
- Graves, Robert, The Greek Myths, I, The Folio Society, London: 1998
- Grimal, Pierre, Mitoloji Sözlüğü: Yunan ve Roma, Kabalcı, İstanbul:2012
- Gül, Ahmet,“Lokman Hekim ve Öğütleri”, Erciyes Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, S. 2, Kayseri:1985.
- Harman, Ömer Faruk, “Lokman”, Diyanet İslam Ansiklopedisi, TDV, Ankara: 2003, c. 23.
- Harrison, Jane, Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion, Meridian Books, New York:1955.
- Hart, Gerald, “Asclepius: God of Medicine” Canadian Medical Association Journal, 1965: V. 92.
- Hesiod, Homeric Hymns and Homerica, Ed. By. G. P. Gooldi Tr. Hugh G. Evelyn White, Harvard University Press, London:1982
- Hippocrates I: Ancient Medicine, Trans. W. H. S. Jones, Cambridge University Press, Londra: 1957.
- Homer, Iliad, Trans by. A.T. Murray, Harvard University Press, Londra:2001.
- Lurie, Samuel; Glazerman, Marek, “The History of Ceserean Technique”, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2004, c.189, v. 6
- Maksimovic, J., “Early Christian Martyrs Who Refused to Worship the Cult of Asclepius in the Times of Diocletian”, Acta Medico-Historica Adriatica, C. 8, S. 2, 2010.
- Matyszak, Philip, The Greek and Roman Myths, Thames & Hudson, New York: 2010.
- McCants, William F., Kültür Mitleri, Çev. Merve Tabur, İthaki, İstanbul: 2012
- Mikalson, Jon D., Ancient Greek Religion, Blackwell, Malden, MA: 2005.
- North, J. A., Roman Religion, Oxford University Press, Oxford:2000.
- Ovid, The Metamorphoses, Bk. II, Trans. Horace Gregory, The Viking Press, New York: 1958.
- Panagiotidoi, Olympia, “Asclepius’ Myths and Healing Narratives: Counter- Intuitive Concepts and Cultural Expectations“, Open Library of Humanities, c. 2, s. 1, 2016 (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.16995/olh.34).
- Petsalis-Diomidis, Alexia, Truly Beyond Borders: Aelius Aristides and the Cult of Asklepios, Oxford University Press, NewYork: 2010.
- Pindar, Olympian Odes, Pythian Odes, Ed. and Trans. William H. Race, Harvard University Press, Londra:1997.
- Plutarch, Moralia, Trans. by. Frank C. Babbitt, Harvard University Press, London:1962.
- Porphyry, On Abstinence from Killing Animals, Trans. by. Gillian Clark, Bloomsbury, London:2000
- Strabo, Geography, II, Trans. H. C. Hamilton, Bohn’s Classical Library, Londra:1856.
Details
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
|---|---|
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 28, 2016 |
| Submission Date | October 5, 2016 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2016 Volume: 13 Issue: 2 |
