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Early and Long-Term Results of Anastomosıc Leakages in Colorectal Surgery

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 181 - 188, 24.08.2022

Okay Nazlı

https://doi.org/10.47572/muskutd.1109571

Abstract

Anastomotic leakage is the partial or complete separation of the anastomosis performed in gastrointestinal system surgery for various reasons, which can be determined by clinical and/or radiological methods in the postoperative period. When this situation occurs, besides the increase in the surgical mortality rate of the patient, the incidence of many complications in the early or late period also increases. At the beginning of these complications are reoperation, stoma and stoma problems that impair quality of life, longer hospital stay of the patient in the hospital, the occurrence of locoregional recurrences, a reduction in five-year survival and economic results.

Keywords

Anastomotic Leakage Mortality Survival

References

  • 1. Branagan G, Finnis D, Wessex Colorectal Cancer Audit Working Group. Prognosis after anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005;48(5):1021-6.
  • 2. Petersen S, Freitag M, Hellmich G ve ark. Anastomotic leakage: impact on local recurrence and survival in surgery of colorectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis. 1998;13:160-3.
  • 3. Ching SS, Muralikrishnan VP, Whiteley GS. Relaparotomy: a five-year review of indications and outcome. Int J Clin Pract. 2003;57:333-7.
  • 4. Martinez-Casas I, Sancho JJ, Nve E, ve ark. Preoperative risk factors for mortality after relaparotomy: analysis of 254 patients. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2010;395:527-34.
  • 5. Viehl CT, Kraus R, Zürcher M, ve ark. The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation ıı score is helpful in predicting the need of relaparotomies in patients with secondary peritonitis of colorectal origin. Swiss Med Wkly. 2012;142:13640.
  • 6. Sautner T, Gotzinger P, Redl Wenzl E. Does reoperation for abdominal sepsis enhance the inflammatory host response? Arch Surg. 1997;132:250-5.
  • 7. Khan A, Wheeler JMD, Cunningham C, ve ark. The management and outcome of anastomotic leaks in colorectal surgery. Colorectal Disease. 2007;10:587–92.
  • 8. Mik M, Magdzinska J, Dziki L, ve ark. Relaparotomy in colorectal cancer surgery–Do any factors influence the risk of mortality? A case controlled study. Int J Surg. 2014;12(11):1192-7.
  • 9. Midura EF, Hanseman D, Davis BR, ve ark. Risk factors and consequences of anastomotic leak after colectomy: a national analysis. Dis Col Rec. 2015;58:333–8.
  • 10. Chow WB, Merkow RP, Cohen ME, ve ark. Association between postoperative complications and reoperation for patients undergoing geriatric surgery and the effect of reoperation on mortality. Am Surg. 2012;78:1137-42.
  • 11. Lipska MA, Bisset IP, Parry BR, ve ark. Anastomotic leakage after lower gastrointestinal anastomosis: men are at a higher risk. ANZ J Surg. 2006;76(7):579-85.
  • 12. Kruschewski M, Rieger H, Pohlen U, ve ark. Risk factors for clinical anastomotic leakage and postoperatif mortality in elective surgery for rectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2007;22(8):919-27.
  • 13. Rudinskaite G, Tamelis A, Saladzinskas Z, ve ark. Risk factors for clinical anastomotic leakage following the resection of sigmoid and rectal cancer. Medicina. 2005;41(9):741-6.
  • 14. Gessler B, Eriksson O, Angenete E. Diagnosis, treatment, and consequences of anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2017;32:549–56.
  • 15. Scott N, Jackson P, Al‐Jaberi T, ve ark. Total mesorectal excision and local recurrence: A study of tumour spread in the mesorectum distal to rectal cancer. Br J Surg. 1995;82:1031-3.
  • 16. The Italian ColoRectal Anastomotic Leakage (iCral) Study Group. Anastomotic leakage after elective colorectal surgery: a prospective multicentre observational study on use of the Dutch leakage score, serum procalcitonin and serum C-reactive protein for diagnosis. BJS Open. 2020;4:499–507.
  • 17. Alabaz Ö, Parsak C. Kolorektal cerrahide komplikasyonlar ve önlemleri. İn: Ed’s: Baykan A, Zorluoğlu A, Geçim E, Terzi C. Kolon ve Rektum Kanserleri. Türk Kolon ve Rektum Cerrahisi Dern Yayınları, İstanbul, Ocak. 2010;39:661-70.
  • 18. Öncel M. Ameliyat sonrası bakım ve erken dönem komplikasyonları. İn: Ed’s: Baykan A, Zorluoğlu A, Geçim E, Terzi C. Kolon ve Rektum Kanserleri. Türk Kolon ve Rektum Cerrahisi Derneği Yayınları, İstanbul, Ocak. 2010;21:321-52.
  • 19. La Regina D, Di Giuseppe M, Lucchelli M, ve ark. Financial Impact of Anastomotic Leakage in Colorectal Surgery. J Gastrointest Surg. 2019;23:580–6.
  • 20. Soop M, Nygren J, Ljungqvist O. Optimizing perioperative management of patients undergoing colorectal surgery: what is new? Curr Opin Crit Care. 2006;12:166-70.
  • 21. Fearon KCH, Luff R. The nutritional management of surgical patients: enhanced recovery after surgery. Proc Nutr Soc. 2003;62:807-11.
  • 22. Law WL, Choi HK, Lee YM, ve ark. Anastomotic leakage is associated with poor long-term outcome in patients after curative colorectal resection for malignancy. J Gastrointest Surg. 2007;11(1):8-15.
  • 23. Chang SC, Lin JK, Yang SH, ve ark. Long-term outcome of anastomosis leakage after curative resection for mid and low rectal cancer. Hepatogastroenterology. 2003;50(54):1898–902.
  • 24. Kim IY, Kim BR, Kim YW. The impact of anastomotic leakage on oncologic outcomes and the receipt and timing of adjuvant chemotherapy after colorectal cancer surgery. Int J Surg. 2015;22:3-9.
  • 25. Mirnezami A, Mirnezami R, Chandrakumaran K, ve ark. Increased local recurrence and reduced survival from colorectal cancer following anastomotic leak: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg. 2011;253(5):890-9.
  • 26. Wang S, Liu J, Wang S, ve ark. Adverse effects of anastomotic leakage on local recurrence and survival after curative anterior resection for rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg. 2017;41(1):277–84.
  • 27. Gertsch P, Baer HU, Kraft R, ve ark. Malignant cells are collected on circular staplers. Dis Colon Rectum. 1992;35(3):238-41.
  • 28. Umpleby HC, Fermor B, Symes MO, ve ark. Viability of exfoliated colorectal carcinoma cells. Br J Surg. 1984;71(9):659–63.
  • 29. Merkel S, Wang WY, Schmidt O, ve ark. Locoregional recurrence in patients with anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for rectal carcinoma. Colorectal Dis. 2001;3:154–60.
  • 30. Eriksen MT, Wibe A, Norstein J, ve ark. Anastomotic leakage following routine mesorectal excision for rectal cancer in a national cohort of patients. Colorectal disease: the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland. 2005;7(1):51-7.
  • 31. Benjamin DS, Carlisle EM, Alverdy JC, ve ark. Do we really know why colorectal anastomoses leak? J Gastrointest Surg. 2013;17:1698-707.
  • 32. Katoh H, Yamashita K, Wang G, ve ark. Anastomotic leakage contributes to the risk for systemic recurrence in stage II colorectal cancer. J Gastroenterol Surg. 2011;15(1):120-9.
  • 33. Biagi JJ, Raphael MJ, Mackillop WJ, ve ark. Association between time to initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy and survival in colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2011;305(22):2335-42.
  • 34. Marinatou A, Theodoropoulos GE, Karanika S, ve ark. Do anastomotic leaks ımpair postoperative health-related quality of life after rectal cancer surgery? A case-matched study. Dis Colon Rectum. 2014;57(2):158-66.
  • 35. Nesbakken A, Nygaard K, Lunde OC. Outcome and late functional results after anastomotic leakage following mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Br J Surg. 2001;88:400-4.
  • 36. Australian Council of Stoma Association Inc. n.d., What is a Stoma, viewed 13 February 2020.
  • 37. Ang MSG, Klainin-Yobas P, Chen HC, ve ark. Research in brief-Testing the efficacy of “Stress management for stoma patients” intervention for patients following colostomy or ileostomy surgery: A pilot study. Nurs J Singapore. 2013;40(1):49-52.
  • 38. Vural F, Harputlu D, Karayurt O, ve ark. The impact of an ostomy on the sexual lives of persons with stomas. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2016;43(4):381-4.
  • 39. Violin MR, Sales CA. Daily experiences of cancer colostomized people: an existential approach. Rev Eletronica Enferm. 2010;12(2):278-86.
  • 40. Lange MM, Marijnen CAM, Maas CP, ve ark. Risk factors for sexual dysfunction after rectal cancer treatment. In: Long-term outcome of rectal cancer treatment. Ed: Lange MM. European Journal of Cancer. In press, Rotterdam, 2009, Chapter 4 p:53-72.
  • 41. Daams F, Luyer M, Lange JF. Colorectal anastomotic leakage: Aspects of prevention, detection and treatment. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19(15):2293–7.
  • 42. Ye X, Lafuma A, Torreton E, ve ark. Incidence and costs of bleeding-related complications in French hospitals following surgery for various diagnoses. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13:186.
  • 43. Hammond J, Lim S, Wan Y, ve ark. The burden of gastrointestinal anastomotic leaks: an evaluation of clinical and economic outcomes. J Gastrointest Surg. 2014;18:1176–85.

Kolorektal Cerrahide Anastomoz Kaçaklarının Erken ve Uzun Dönem Sonuçları

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 181 - 188, 24.08.2022

Okay Nazlı

https://doi.org/10.47572/muskutd.1109571

Abstract

Anastomoz kaçağı, gastrointestinal sistem cerrahisinde yapılan anastomozun, postoperatif dönemde klinik ve/veya radyolojik yöntemlerle belirlenebilen, çeşitli nedenlerle kısmen veya tamamen ayrışmasıdır. Bu durum oluştuğunda hastanın cerrahi mortalite oranının artması yanında, erken ya da geç dönemde birçok komplikasyonların görülme oranları da yükselmektedir. Bu komplikasyonların başında tekrar ameliyat, yaşam kalitesini bozan başta stoma ve stoma sorunları, hastanın hastanede daha uzun süre kalması, lokorejyonel nükslerin oluşması, beş yıllık sağkalımın azalması ve ekonomik sonuçlar gelmektedir.

Keywords

Anastomoz Kaçağı Mortalite Sağkalım

References

  • 1. Branagan G, Finnis D, Wessex Colorectal Cancer Audit Working Group. Prognosis after anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005;48(5):1021-6.
  • 2. Petersen S, Freitag M, Hellmich G ve ark. Anastomotic leakage: impact on local recurrence and survival in surgery of colorectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis. 1998;13:160-3.
  • 3. Ching SS, Muralikrishnan VP, Whiteley GS. Relaparotomy: a five-year review of indications and outcome. Int J Clin Pract. 2003;57:333-7.
  • 4. Martinez-Casas I, Sancho JJ, Nve E, ve ark. Preoperative risk factors for mortality after relaparotomy: analysis of 254 patients. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2010;395:527-34.
  • 5. Viehl CT, Kraus R, Zürcher M, ve ark. The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation ıı score is helpful in predicting the need of relaparotomies in patients with secondary peritonitis of colorectal origin. Swiss Med Wkly. 2012;142:13640.
  • 6. Sautner T, Gotzinger P, Redl Wenzl E. Does reoperation for abdominal sepsis enhance the inflammatory host response? Arch Surg. 1997;132:250-5.
  • 7. Khan A, Wheeler JMD, Cunningham C, ve ark. The management and outcome of anastomotic leaks in colorectal surgery. Colorectal Disease. 2007;10:587–92.
  • 8. Mik M, Magdzinska J, Dziki L, ve ark. Relaparotomy in colorectal cancer surgery–Do any factors influence the risk of mortality? A case controlled study. Int J Surg. 2014;12(11):1192-7.
  • 9. Midura EF, Hanseman D, Davis BR, ve ark. Risk factors and consequences of anastomotic leak after colectomy: a national analysis. Dis Col Rec. 2015;58:333–8.
  • 10. Chow WB, Merkow RP, Cohen ME, ve ark. Association between postoperative complications and reoperation for patients undergoing geriatric surgery and the effect of reoperation on mortality. Am Surg. 2012;78:1137-42.
  • 11. Lipska MA, Bisset IP, Parry BR, ve ark. Anastomotic leakage after lower gastrointestinal anastomosis: men are at a higher risk. ANZ J Surg. 2006;76(7):579-85.
  • 12. Kruschewski M, Rieger H, Pohlen U, ve ark. Risk factors for clinical anastomotic leakage and postoperatif mortality in elective surgery for rectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2007;22(8):919-27.
  • 13. Rudinskaite G, Tamelis A, Saladzinskas Z, ve ark. Risk factors for clinical anastomotic leakage following the resection of sigmoid and rectal cancer. Medicina. 2005;41(9):741-6.
  • 14. Gessler B, Eriksson O, Angenete E. Diagnosis, treatment, and consequences of anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2017;32:549–56.
  • 15. Scott N, Jackson P, Al‐Jaberi T, ve ark. Total mesorectal excision and local recurrence: A study of tumour spread in the mesorectum distal to rectal cancer. Br J Surg. 1995;82:1031-3.
  • 16. The Italian ColoRectal Anastomotic Leakage (iCral) Study Group. Anastomotic leakage after elective colorectal surgery: a prospective multicentre observational study on use of the Dutch leakage score, serum procalcitonin and serum C-reactive protein for diagnosis. BJS Open. 2020;4:499–507.
  • 17. Alabaz Ö, Parsak C. Kolorektal cerrahide komplikasyonlar ve önlemleri. İn: Ed’s: Baykan A, Zorluoğlu A, Geçim E, Terzi C. Kolon ve Rektum Kanserleri. Türk Kolon ve Rektum Cerrahisi Dern Yayınları, İstanbul, Ocak. 2010;39:661-70.
  • 18. Öncel M. Ameliyat sonrası bakım ve erken dönem komplikasyonları. İn: Ed’s: Baykan A, Zorluoğlu A, Geçim E, Terzi C. Kolon ve Rektum Kanserleri. Türk Kolon ve Rektum Cerrahisi Derneği Yayınları, İstanbul, Ocak. 2010;21:321-52.
  • 19. La Regina D, Di Giuseppe M, Lucchelli M, ve ark. Financial Impact of Anastomotic Leakage in Colorectal Surgery. J Gastrointest Surg. 2019;23:580–6.
  • 20. Soop M, Nygren J, Ljungqvist O. Optimizing perioperative management of patients undergoing colorectal surgery: what is new? Curr Opin Crit Care. 2006;12:166-70.
  • 21. Fearon KCH, Luff R. The nutritional management of surgical patients: enhanced recovery after surgery. Proc Nutr Soc. 2003;62:807-11.
  • 22. Law WL, Choi HK, Lee YM, ve ark. Anastomotic leakage is associated with poor long-term outcome in patients after curative colorectal resection for malignancy. J Gastrointest Surg. 2007;11(1):8-15.
  • 23. Chang SC, Lin JK, Yang SH, ve ark. Long-term outcome of anastomosis leakage after curative resection for mid and low rectal cancer. Hepatogastroenterology. 2003;50(54):1898–902.
  • 24. Kim IY, Kim BR, Kim YW. The impact of anastomotic leakage on oncologic outcomes and the receipt and timing of adjuvant chemotherapy after colorectal cancer surgery. Int J Surg. 2015;22:3-9.
  • 25. Mirnezami A, Mirnezami R, Chandrakumaran K, ve ark. Increased local recurrence and reduced survival from colorectal cancer following anastomotic leak: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg. 2011;253(5):890-9.
  • 26. Wang S, Liu J, Wang S, ve ark. Adverse effects of anastomotic leakage on local recurrence and survival after curative anterior resection for rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg. 2017;41(1):277–84.
  • 27. Gertsch P, Baer HU, Kraft R, ve ark. Malignant cells are collected on circular staplers. Dis Colon Rectum. 1992;35(3):238-41.
  • 28. Umpleby HC, Fermor B, Symes MO, ve ark. Viability of exfoliated colorectal carcinoma cells. Br J Surg. 1984;71(9):659–63.
  • 29. Merkel S, Wang WY, Schmidt O, ve ark. Locoregional recurrence in patients with anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for rectal carcinoma. Colorectal Dis. 2001;3:154–60.
  • 30. Eriksen MT, Wibe A, Norstein J, ve ark. Anastomotic leakage following routine mesorectal excision for rectal cancer in a national cohort of patients. Colorectal disease: the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland. 2005;7(1):51-7.
  • 31. Benjamin DS, Carlisle EM, Alverdy JC, ve ark. Do we really know why colorectal anastomoses leak? J Gastrointest Surg. 2013;17:1698-707.
  • 32. Katoh H, Yamashita K, Wang G, ve ark. Anastomotic leakage contributes to the risk for systemic recurrence in stage II colorectal cancer. J Gastroenterol Surg. 2011;15(1):120-9.
  • 33. Biagi JJ, Raphael MJ, Mackillop WJ, ve ark. Association between time to initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy and survival in colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2011;305(22):2335-42.
  • 34. Marinatou A, Theodoropoulos GE, Karanika S, ve ark. Do anastomotic leaks ımpair postoperative health-related quality of life after rectal cancer surgery? A case-matched study. Dis Colon Rectum. 2014;57(2):158-66.
  • 35. Nesbakken A, Nygaard K, Lunde OC. Outcome and late functional results after anastomotic leakage following mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Br J Surg. 2001;88:400-4.
  • 36. Australian Council of Stoma Association Inc. n.d., What is a Stoma, viewed 13 February 2020.
  • 37. Ang MSG, Klainin-Yobas P, Chen HC, ve ark. Research in brief-Testing the efficacy of “Stress management for stoma patients” intervention for patients following colostomy or ileostomy surgery: A pilot study. Nurs J Singapore. 2013;40(1):49-52.
  • 38. Vural F, Harputlu D, Karayurt O, ve ark. The impact of an ostomy on the sexual lives of persons with stomas. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2016;43(4):381-4.
  • 39. Violin MR, Sales CA. Daily experiences of cancer colostomized people: an existential approach. Rev Eletronica Enferm. 2010;12(2):278-86.
  • 40. Lange MM, Marijnen CAM, Maas CP, ve ark. Risk factors for sexual dysfunction after rectal cancer treatment. In: Long-term outcome of rectal cancer treatment. Ed: Lange MM. European Journal of Cancer. In press, Rotterdam, 2009, Chapter 4 p:53-72.
  • 41. Daams F, Luyer M, Lange JF. Colorectal anastomotic leakage: Aspects of prevention, detection and treatment. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19(15):2293–7.
  • 42. Ye X, Lafuma A, Torreton E, ve ark. Incidence and costs of bleeding-related complications in French hospitals following surgery for various diagnoses. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13:186.
  • 43. Hammond J, Lim S, Wan Y, ve ark. The burden of gastrointestinal anastomotic leaks: an evaluation of clinical and economic outcomes. J Gastrointest Surg. 2014;18:1176–85.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Surgery
Journal Section Review
Authors

Okay Nazlı 0000-0001-8500-5510

Publication Date August 24, 2022
Submission Date April 26, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Nazlı, O. (2022). Kolorektal Cerrahide Anastomoz Kaçaklarının Erken ve Uzun Dönem Sonuçları. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi, 9(2), 181-188. https://doi.org/10.47572/muskutd.1109571
AMA Nazlı O. Kolorektal Cerrahide Anastomoz Kaçaklarının Erken ve Uzun Dönem Sonuçları. MMJ. August 2022;9(2):181-188. doi:10.47572/muskutd.1109571
Chicago Nazlı, Okay. “Kolorektal Cerrahide Anastomoz Kaçaklarının Erken Ve Uzun Dönem Sonuçları”. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi 9, no. 2 (August 2022): 181-88. https://doi.org/10.47572/muskutd.1109571.
EndNote Nazlı O (August 1, 2022) Kolorektal Cerrahide Anastomoz Kaçaklarının Erken ve Uzun Dönem Sonuçları. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi 9 2 181–188.
IEEE O. Nazlı, “Kolorektal Cerrahide Anastomoz Kaçaklarının Erken ve Uzun Dönem Sonuçları”, MMJ, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 181–188, 2022, doi: 10.47572/muskutd.1109571.
ISNAD Nazlı, Okay. “Kolorektal Cerrahide Anastomoz Kaçaklarının Erken Ve Uzun Dönem Sonuçları”. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi 9/2 (August 2022), 181-188. https://doi.org/10.47572/muskutd.1109571.
JAMA Nazlı O. Kolorektal Cerrahide Anastomoz Kaçaklarının Erken ve Uzun Dönem Sonuçları. MMJ. 2022;9:181–188.
MLA Nazlı, Okay. “Kolorektal Cerrahide Anastomoz Kaçaklarının Erken Ve Uzun Dönem Sonuçları”. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 2, 2022, pp. 181-8, doi:10.47572/muskutd.1109571.
Vancouver Nazlı O. Kolorektal Cerrahide Anastomoz Kaçaklarının Erken ve Uzun Dönem Sonuçları. MMJ. 2022;9(2):181-8.
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