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UV-A IŞINLARIYLA TOPRAKLARDAKİ POLİAROMATİK HİDROKARBONLARIN (PAH’LARIN) GİDERİMİNDE TiO2’İN FOTOKATALİZÖR OLARAK KULLANIMI

Year 2018, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 522 - 531, 20.07.2018

Gizem Eker

https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.443178

Abstract

Toprak, poliaromatik hidrokarbonlar (PAH’lar) için
karasal çevredeki en önemli rezerv alanıdır. Toprağın PAH gibi hidrofobik
organik kirleticilere ilgisi büyüktür ve bu kirleticiler için doğal bir alıcı
ortam gibi davranır.



Bu çalışmada, PAH bileşikleri ile kirlenmiş
topraklardan ultraviole (UV) ışın teknolojisiyle PAH bileşiklerinin giderimi
araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda UV-A ışınları kullanılmış olup sıcaklığın ve TiO2
kullanımının PAH’ların giderimine etkileri belirlenmiştir. Toprak
örnekleri Bursa’da yer alan ve yoğun PAH kirliliğine maruz kaldığı bilinen bir
çimento fabrikası yakınından alınmıştır. UVA uygulamasıyla topraktaki PAH
miktarında %89’a varan oranda azalma sağlanmıştır. UVA-TiO2
uygulamaları sonunda topraktaki PAH kirliliğinin tamamı giderilmiştir. Maksimum
∑12 PAH giderim verimi 18 oC’de %10 TiO2
ilavesiyle (%100 verim) 30 oC’de ise %1 TiO2 ilavesiyle
(%95 verim) elde edilmiştir. 30 oC’de TiO2 dozunun %1’in
üzerine çıkmasının foto-parçalanma sürecine önemli bir katkısının olmadığı
tespit edilmiştir. Giderim uygulamalarında sıcaklığın yükselmesiyle daha fazla
PAH ortamdan uzaklaştırılmış olup, buharlaşma ve reaksiyon hızlarındaki olası
artışın buna sebep olduğu kanısına varılmıştır.

Keywords

Toprak Ultraviole-A Sıcaklık Titanyum dioksit

References

  • [1] LATIMER, J.S. ZHENG, J., The Sources, Transport and Fate of PAHs in Marine Environment In: Douben PET (Ed.) PAHs:An Exotoxicological Perspective Wiley, Chichester, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., pp. 9- 33.New York, USA., 2003.
  • [2] TELLI-KARAKOC, F., TOLUN, L., HENKELMANN, B., KLIMM, C., OKAY, O., SCHRAMM, K.W., “Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) distributions in the Bay of Marmara sea: Izmit Bay”, Environmental Pollution, 119, 383-397, 2002.
  • [3] ATSDR, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Atlanta (GA): Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, USA, 19954 US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Compendium Method TO-13A, Cincinnati, OH, USA, 1999.
  • [4] IARC,International Agency Research of Cancer, PAH as Occupational Carcinogens, in: Bjorseth, A., Becker, G. (Eds.), PAH Work Atmosphere Occurrence and Determination,. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1986.
  • [5] US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 2002. Polycyclic Organic Matter. US Environmental Protection Agency. Available from: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/ hlthef/polycycl.html.
  • [6] SMITH, D.J.T., HARRISON, R.M., “Concentrations, Trends and Vehicle Source Profile of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the U.K. Atmosphere”, Atmospheric Environment, 30, 2513-2525, 1996.
  • [7] LEE, S.C., HO, K.F., CHAN, L.Y., ZIELINSKA, B., CHOW, J.C., “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Carbonyl Compounds in Urban Atmosphere of Hong Kong”, Atmospheric Environment, 35, 5949-5960, 2001.
  • [8] GAGA, E.O., TUNCEL, S.G., “The Occurence and Distribution of Trace Organic Compounds in Ankara Precipitation”, Second International Symposium on Air Quality Management at Urban, Regional and Global Scales, 426-431, İstanbul,Turkey, 2001.
  • [9] OLESZCZUK, P., PRANAGAL, J., “Influence of Agricultural Land Use and Management on the Contents of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Selected Silty Soils”, Water Air Soil Pollution, 184,195–205, 2007.
  • [10] MOSCA, S., TORELLI, G., TRAMONTANA, G., GUERRIERO, E., ROTATORI, M., BIANCHINI, M., “Concentration of Organic Micropollutants in the Atmosphere of Trieste, Italy”, Environmental Science and Pollution Reseach, 19, 1927-1935, 2012.
  • [11] ZHANG, L.H., LI, P.J., GONG, Z.Q., LI, X.M., “Photocatalytic degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on soil surfaces using TiO2 under UV light”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 158, 478-484, 2008.
  • [12] LIMA, A.T., OTTOSEN, L.M., HEISTER, K., LOCH, J.P.G., “Assessing PAH Removal from Clayey Soil by Neans of Electro-osmosis and Electrodialysis”, Science of the Total Environment, 435, 1-6, 2012.
  • [13] WANG, D.G., CHEN, J.W., XU, Z., QIAO, X.L., HUANG, L.P. “Disappearance of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Sorbed on Surfaces of Pine [Pinua thunbergii] Needles under Irradiation of Sunlight: Volatilization and Photolysis”, Atmospheric Environment, 39, 4583-4591, 2005.
  • [14] WILD, E., DENT, J., THOMAS, G.O., JONES, K.C. 2005. “Real-time Visualization and Quantification of PAH Photodegradation on and within Plant Leaves”, Environmental Science and Technology, 39, 268-273.
  • [15] BURKS, G.A., HARMON, T.C., “Volatilization of Solid-phase Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Model Mixtures and Lampblack-contaminated Soils”, Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 46, 944-949, 2001.
  • [16] ZHANG, L.H., LI, P.J., GONG, Z.Q., ADEOLA, O., “Photochemical Behavior of Benzo[a]pyrene on Soil Surfaces under UV Light Irradiation”, Journal of Environmental Science-China, 18, 1226-1232, 2006.
  • [17] WANG, Y., LIU, C.S., LI, F.B., LIU, C.P., LIANG. J.B., “Photodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Pyrene by Iron Oxide in Solid Phase”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 162, 716-723, 2009.
  • [18] GUIEYSSE, B., VIKLUND, G., TOES, A.C., MATTIASSON, B., “Conbined UV-Biological Degradation of PAHs”, Chemosphere, 55, 1493-1499, 2004.
  • [19] KARACA, G., “Spatial Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Concentrations in Soils from Bursa, Turkey”, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 70, 406-417, 2016.
  • [20] STEVENS, J., NORTHCOTT, G.L., STERN, G.A., TOMY, G.T., JONES, K.C., “PAHs, PCBs, PCNs OCPs, Synthetic Musks, and Polchlorinated N-alkanes in U.K. Sewage Sludge: Survey Results and Implications”, Environmental Science and Technology, 37, 462-467, 2003.
  • [21] TAŞDEMIR, Y., ODABAŞI, M., VARDAR, N., SOFUOĞLU, A., MURPHY, T.J., HOLSEN, T.M., “Dry Deposition Fluxes and Velocities of PCBs Associated with Particles”, Atmospheric Environment, 38, 2444-2456, 2004.
  • [22] CHO, Y., KIM. G.B., CHO, Y.S., CHOI, M.S., RYU, S.H., CHOI, S.H., PARK, Y.K., CHOI, J.W., “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Exposure in Residents Living Near a Cement Factory with Kilns”, International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 87, 889-896, 2014.
  • [23] JIAO, W.T., LU, Y.L., WANG, T.Y., LI, J., HAN, J.Y., WANG, G., HU, W.Y., “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils Around Guanting Reservoir, Beijing, China”, Chemical Ecology, 25, 39-48, 2009.
  • [24] VANE, C.H., KIM, A.W., BERIRO. D.J., CAVE, M.R., KNIGHTS. K., MOSS-HAYES, V., NATHANAIL, P.C. “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) in Uurban Soils of Greater London, UK”, Applied Geochemistry, 51, 303-314, 2014.
  • [25] YU, B.B., XIE, X.J., MA, L.Q., KAN, H., ZHOU, Q.X., “Source, Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Street Dust from Tianjin, China”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21, 2817-2825, 2014.
  • [26] ORTIZ, R., VEGA. S., GUTIERREZ. R., GIBSON, R., SCHETTINO, B., RAMIREZ, M.D., “Presence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Top Soils from Rural Terrains in Mexico City”, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 88, 428-432, 2012.
  • [27] CHOI, S.D., “Time Trends in the Levels and Patterns of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Pine Bark, Litter and Soil After A Forest Fire”, Science of the Total Environment, 470,1441-1449, 2014.
  • [28] STANKOVIC, D., KRSTIC, B., NIKOLIC, N., Effect of Traffic on the Soil Contamination with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)”, Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 22, 736-741, 2008.
  • [29] BUCHELI, T.D., BLUM, F., DESAULES, A., GUSTAFSSON, O., Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Black Carbon, and Molecular Markers in Soils of Switzerland”, Chemosphere, 56, 1061-1076, 2004.
  • [30] HOFFMAN, M.R., MARTIN, S.T., CHOI, W., BAHNEMANN, D.W., “Environmental Application of Semiconductor Photocatalysis”, Chemical Reviews, 95, 69-96, 1995.
  • [31] QUAN, X., ZHAO, X., CHEN, S., ZHAO, H., CHEN, J., ZHAO, Y., “Enhancement of p, p′-DDT Photodegradation on Soil Surfaces using TiO2 Induced by UV-Llight”, Chemosphere, 60, 266-273, 2005.
  • [32] SALIHOGLU N.K., KARACA, G., SALIHOGLU, G., TASDEMIR, Y., “Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Municipal Sludge using UV light”, Desalination and Water Treatment 44, 324-333, 2012.
  • [33] HUANG, Q., HONG, C.S., “Photocatalytic Degradation of PCBs in Soil-Water Systems Containing Surfactant”, Chemosphere, 41,871-879, 2000.
  • [34] KARACA, G., TASDEMIR, Y., “Migration of PAHs in food industry sludge to the air during removal by UV and TiO2”, Science of the Total Environment, 488, 358-363, 2014.
  • [35] ZHANG, L., XU, C., CHEN, Z., LI, X., LI, P., “Photodegradation of Pyrene on Soil Surfaces under UV Light Irridation”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 173, 168-172, 2010.
  • [36] NADAL, M., WARGENT, J.J., JONES, K.C., PAUL, N.D., SCHUHMACHER, M., DOMINGO, J.L., “Influence of UV-B Radiation and Temperature on Photodegradation of PAHs: Preliminary Results.” Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 55, 241-252, 2006.
  • [37] MARCH, J. Advanced Organic Photochemistry, Reactions, Mechanisms and Structures, Chapter 7: Photochemistry, John Wiley and Sons, 1992.
  • [38] DONG, D.B., LI, P.J., LI, X.J., XU, C.B., GONG, D.W., ZHANG, Y.Q., ZHAO, Q., LI, P., “Photocatalytic degradation of phenanthrene and pyrene on soil surfaces in the presence of nanometer rutile TiO2 under UV-irradiation”, Chemical Engineering Journal, 158, 378-383, 2010.
  • [39] HIGARASHI, M.M., JARDIM, F.W., “Remediation of Pesticide Contaminated Soil using TiO2 Mediated by Solar Light”, Catalysis Today, 76, 201-207, 2002.

USING OF TiO2 AS A PHOTOCATALYST DURING POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHs) REMOVAL FROM SOILS WITH UV-A LIGHT

Year 2018, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 522 - 531, 20.07.2018

Gizem Eker

https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.443178

Abstract

Soil is the most important reserve area for the
polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the terrestrial environment. Soil has a
great affinity to hydrophobic organic pollutants like PAHs and acts as a
natural receiving environment for these pollutants. In this study, the removal
of PAHs from soils with ultraviolet (UV) radiation technology was investigated.
In this context, UV-A rays were used and the effects of temperature and TiO2
use on the removal of PAHs were determined. Soil samples were taken from a
cement factory (exposed to intense PAH pollution) located in Bursa. The amount
of PAH in the soil was reduced by up to 89% by UV-A application. After the
application of UVA-TiO2, the contamination of PAH in the soil was completely
eliminated. Maximum ∑12 PAH removal was obtained with 10% TiO2
addition (100% removal) at 18 oC and 1% TiO2 addition
(95% removal) at 30 oC. It has been determined that at 30 °C, the
TiO2 dose above 1% has no significant contribution to the
photo-degradation process. With the increase in temperature, more PAHs have
been removed from the environment, and it has been concluded that the possible
increase in evaporation and reaction rates caused this.

Keywords

Soil Ultraviole-A Temperature Titanium dioxide

References

  • [1] LATIMER, J.S. ZHENG, J., The Sources, Transport and Fate of PAHs in Marine Environment In: Douben PET (Ed.) PAHs:An Exotoxicological Perspective Wiley, Chichester, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., pp. 9- 33.New York, USA., 2003.
  • [2] TELLI-KARAKOC, F., TOLUN, L., HENKELMANN, B., KLIMM, C., OKAY, O., SCHRAMM, K.W., “Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) distributions in the Bay of Marmara sea: Izmit Bay”, Environmental Pollution, 119, 383-397, 2002.
  • [3] ATSDR, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Atlanta (GA): Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, USA, 19954 US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Compendium Method TO-13A, Cincinnati, OH, USA, 1999.
  • [4] IARC,International Agency Research of Cancer, PAH as Occupational Carcinogens, in: Bjorseth, A., Becker, G. (Eds.), PAH Work Atmosphere Occurrence and Determination,. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1986.
  • [5] US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 2002. Polycyclic Organic Matter. US Environmental Protection Agency. Available from: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/ hlthef/polycycl.html.
  • [6] SMITH, D.J.T., HARRISON, R.M., “Concentrations, Trends and Vehicle Source Profile of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the U.K. Atmosphere”, Atmospheric Environment, 30, 2513-2525, 1996.
  • [7] LEE, S.C., HO, K.F., CHAN, L.Y., ZIELINSKA, B., CHOW, J.C., “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Carbonyl Compounds in Urban Atmosphere of Hong Kong”, Atmospheric Environment, 35, 5949-5960, 2001.
  • [8] GAGA, E.O., TUNCEL, S.G., “The Occurence and Distribution of Trace Organic Compounds in Ankara Precipitation”, Second International Symposium on Air Quality Management at Urban, Regional and Global Scales, 426-431, İstanbul,Turkey, 2001.
  • [9] OLESZCZUK, P., PRANAGAL, J., “Influence of Agricultural Land Use and Management on the Contents of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Selected Silty Soils”, Water Air Soil Pollution, 184,195–205, 2007.
  • [10] MOSCA, S., TORELLI, G., TRAMONTANA, G., GUERRIERO, E., ROTATORI, M., BIANCHINI, M., “Concentration of Organic Micropollutants in the Atmosphere of Trieste, Italy”, Environmental Science and Pollution Reseach, 19, 1927-1935, 2012.
  • [11] ZHANG, L.H., LI, P.J., GONG, Z.Q., LI, X.M., “Photocatalytic degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on soil surfaces using TiO2 under UV light”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 158, 478-484, 2008.
  • [12] LIMA, A.T., OTTOSEN, L.M., HEISTER, K., LOCH, J.P.G., “Assessing PAH Removal from Clayey Soil by Neans of Electro-osmosis and Electrodialysis”, Science of the Total Environment, 435, 1-6, 2012.
  • [13] WANG, D.G., CHEN, J.W., XU, Z., QIAO, X.L., HUANG, L.P. “Disappearance of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Sorbed on Surfaces of Pine [Pinua thunbergii] Needles under Irradiation of Sunlight: Volatilization and Photolysis”, Atmospheric Environment, 39, 4583-4591, 2005.
  • [14] WILD, E., DENT, J., THOMAS, G.O., JONES, K.C. 2005. “Real-time Visualization and Quantification of PAH Photodegradation on and within Plant Leaves”, Environmental Science and Technology, 39, 268-273.
  • [15] BURKS, G.A., HARMON, T.C., “Volatilization of Solid-phase Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Model Mixtures and Lampblack-contaminated Soils”, Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 46, 944-949, 2001.
  • [16] ZHANG, L.H., LI, P.J., GONG, Z.Q., ADEOLA, O., “Photochemical Behavior of Benzo[a]pyrene on Soil Surfaces under UV Light Irradiation”, Journal of Environmental Science-China, 18, 1226-1232, 2006.
  • [17] WANG, Y., LIU, C.S., LI, F.B., LIU, C.P., LIANG. J.B., “Photodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Pyrene by Iron Oxide in Solid Phase”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 162, 716-723, 2009.
  • [18] GUIEYSSE, B., VIKLUND, G., TOES, A.C., MATTIASSON, B., “Conbined UV-Biological Degradation of PAHs”, Chemosphere, 55, 1493-1499, 2004.
  • [19] KARACA, G., “Spatial Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Concentrations in Soils from Bursa, Turkey”, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 70, 406-417, 2016.
  • [20] STEVENS, J., NORTHCOTT, G.L., STERN, G.A., TOMY, G.T., JONES, K.C., “PAHs, PCBs, PCNs OCPs, Synthetic Musks, and Polchlorinated N-alkanes in U.K. Sewage Sludge: Survey Results and Implications”, Environmental Science and Technology, 37, 462-467, 2003.
  • [21] TAŞDEMIR, Y., ODABAŞI, M., VARDAR, N., SOFUOĞLU, A., MURPHY, T.J., HOLSEN, T.M., “Dry Deposition Fluxes and Velocities of PCBs Associated with Particles”, Atmospheric Environment, 38, 2444-2456, 2004.
  • [22] CHO, Y., KIM. G.B., CHO, Y.S., CHOI, M.S., RYU, S.H., CHOI, S.H., PARK, Y.K., CHOI, J.W., “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Exposure in Residents Living Near a Cement Factory with Kilns”, International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 87, 889-896, 2014.
  • [23] JIAO, W.T., LU, Y.L., WANG, T.Y., LI, J., HAN, J.Y., WANG, G., HU, W.Y., “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils Around Guanting Reservoir, Beijing, China”, Chemical Ecology, 25, 39-48, 2009.
  • [24] VANE, C.H., KIM, A.W., BERIRO. D.J., CAVE, M.R., KNIGHTS. K., MOSS-HAYES, V., NATHANAIL, P.C. “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) in Uurban Soils of Greater London, UK”, Applied Geochemistry, 51, 303-314, 2014.
  • [25] YU, B.B., XIE, X.J., MA, L.Q., KAN, H., ZHOU, Q.X., “Source, Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Street Dust from Tianjin, China”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21, 2817-2825, 2014.
  • [26] ORTIZ, R., VEGA. S., GUTIERREZ. R., GIBSON, R., SCHETTINO, B., RAMIREZ, M.D., “Presence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Top Soils from Rural Terrains in Mexico City”, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 88, 428-432, 2012.
  • [27] CHOI, S.D., “Time Trends in the Levels and Patterns of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Pine Bark, Litter and Soil After A Forest Fire”, Science of the Total Environment, 470,1441-1449, 2014.
  • [28] STANKOVIC, D., KRSTIC, B., NIKOLIC, N., Effect of Traffic on the Soil Contamination with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)”, Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 22, 736-741, 2008.
  • [29] BUCHELI, T.D., BLUM, F., DESAULES, A., GUSTAFSSON, O., Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Black Carbon, and Molecular Markers in Soils of Switzerland”, Chemosphere, 56, 1061-1076, 2004.
  • [30] HOFFMAN, M.R., MARTIN, S.T., CHOI, W., BAHNEMANN, D.W., “Environmental Application of Semiconductor Photocatalysis”, Chemical Reviews, 95, 69-96, 1995.
  • [31] QUAN, X., ZHAO, X., CHEN, S., ZHAO, H., CHEN, J., ZHAO, Y., “Enhancement of p, p′-DDT Photodegradation on Soil Surfaces using TiO2 Induced by UV-Llight”, Chemosphere, 60, 266-273, 2005.
  • [32] SALIHOGLU N.K., KARACA, G., SALIHOGLU, G., TASDEMIR, Y., “Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Municipal Sludge using UV light”, Desalination and Water Treatment 44, 324-333, 2012.
  • [33] HUANG, Q., HONG, C.S., “Photocatalytic Degradation of PCBs in Soil-Water Systems Containing Surfactant”, Chemosphere, 41,871-879, 2000.
  • [34] KARACA, G., TASDEMIR, Y., “Migration of PAHs in food industry sludge to the air during removal by UV and TiO2”, Science of the Total Environment, 488, 358-363, 2014.
  • [35] ZHANG, L., XU, C., CHEN, Z., LI, X., LI, P., “Photodegradation of Pyrene on Soil Surfaces under UV Light Irridation”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 173, 168-172, 2010.
  • [36] NADAL, M., WARGENT, J.J., JONES, K.C., PAUL, N.D., SCHUHMACHER, M., DOMINGO, J.L., “Influence of UV-B Radiation and Temperature on Photodegradation of PAHs: Preliminary Results.” Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 55, 241-252, 2006.
  • [37] MARCH, J. Advanced Organic Photochemistry, Reactions, Mechanisms and Structures, Chapter 7: Photochemistry, John Wiley and Sons, 1992.
  • [38] DONG, D.B., LI, P.J., LI, X.J., XU, C.B., GONG, D.W., ZHANG, Y.Q., ZHAO, Q., LI, P., “Photocatalytic degradation of phenanthrene and pyrene on soil surfaces in the presence of nanometer rutile TiO2 under UV-irradiation”, Chemical Engineering Journal, 158, 378-383, 2010.
  • [39] HIGARASHI, M.M., JARDIM, F.W., “Remediation of Pesticide Contaminated Soil using TiO2 Mediated by Solar Light”, Catalysis Today, 76, 201-207, 2002.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Environmental Engineering
Journal Section Environmental Engineering
Authors

Gizem Eker 0000-0002-7175-2942

Publication Date July 20, 2018
Submission Date November 10, 2017
Acceptance Date March 20, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Eker, G. (2018). UV-A IŞINLARIYLA TOPRAKLARDAKİ POLİAROMATİK HİDROKARBONLARIN (PAH’LARIN) GİDERİMİNDE TiO2’İN FOTOKATALİZÖR OLARAK KULLANIMI. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 522-531. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.443178
AMA Eker G. UV-A IŞINLARIYLA TOPRAKLARDAKİ POLİAROMATİK HİDROKARBONLARIN (PAH’LARIN) GİDERİMİNDE TiO2’İN FOTOKATALİZÖR OLARAK KULLANIMI. NOHU J. Eng. Sci. July 2018;7(2):522-531. doi:10.28948/ngumuh.443178
Chicago Eker, Gizem. “UV-A IŞINLARIYLA TOPRAKLARDAKİ POLİAROMATİK HİDROKARBONLARIN (PAH’LARIN) GİDERİMİNDE TiO2’İN FOTOKATALİZÖR OLARAK KULLANIMI”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 7, no. 2 (July 2018): 522-31. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.443178.
EndNote Eker G (July 1, 2018) UV-A IŞINLARIYLA TOPRAKLARDAKİ POLİAROMATİK HİDROKARBONLARIN (PAH’LARIN) GİDERİMİNDE TiO2’İN FOTOKATALİZÖR OLARAK KULLANIMI. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 7 2 522–531.
IEEE G. Eker, “UV-A IŞINLARIYLA TOPRAKLARDAKİ POLİAROMATİK HİDROKARBONLARIN (PAH’LARIN) GİDERİMİNDE TiO2’İN FOTOKATALİZÖR OLARAK KULLANIMI”, NOHU J. Eng. Sci., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 522–531, 2018, doi: 10.28948/ngumuh.443178.
ISNAD Eker, Gizem. “UV-A IŞINLARIYLA TOPRAKLARDAKİ POLİAROMATİK HİDROKARBONLARIN (PAH’LARIN) GİDERİMİNDE TiO2’İN FOTOKATALİZÖR OLARAK KULLANIMI”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 7/2 (July 2018), 522-531. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.443178.
JAMA Eker G. UV-A IŞINLARIYLA TOPRAKLARDAKİ POLİAROMATİK HİDROKARBONLARIN (PAH’LARIN) GİDERİMİNDE TiO2’İN FOTOKATALİZÖR OLARAK KULLANIMI. NOHU J. Eng. Sci. 2018;7:522–531.
MLA Eker, Gizem. “UV-A IŞINLARIYLA TOPRAKLARDAKİ POLİAROMATİK HİDROKARBONLARIN (PAH’LARIN) GİDERİMİNDE TiO2’İN FOTOKATALİZÖR OLARAK KULLANIMI”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 2, 2018, pp. 522-31, doi:10.28948/ngumuh.443178.
Vancouver Eker G. UV-A IŞINLARIYLA TOPRAKLARDAKİ POLİAROMATİK HİDROKARBONLARIN (PAH’LARIN) GİDERİMİNDE TiO2’İN FOTOKATALİZÖR OLARAK KULLANIMI. NOHU J. Eng. Sci. 2018;7(2):522-31.
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