Research Article
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Türkiye Nükleer Afet Yönetimi için Kritik Başarı Faktörlerinin Analizi

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 85 - 103, 03.09.2023

Adnan Karabulut Mehmet Baran

https://doi.org/10.38213/ohsacademy.1233309

Abstract

Nükleer serpintilerin atmosferik koşullar ile diğer ülkelere hızla ulaşacağı düşünüldüğünde, olası bir nükleer afete karşı etkin bir müdahale planı her ülke için önem kazanmaktadır. Nükleer santrallerde, nükleer atık depolarında, nükleer hammadde kullanan tıp, tarım, savunma, uzay ve bilimsel araştırma laboratuvarlarında meydana gelen kazalar ile nükleer savaş başlıkları, nükleer serpintiye neden olmaktadır. 2022 Mayıs itibariyle, 32 ülkede 441 nükleer reaktör, nükleer serpinti afeti için en büyük tehlike kaynaklarıdır. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nde henüz nükleer santral bulunmamaktadır, yapım aşamasındaki ilk reaktörün 2023 yılında devreye alınması beklenmektedir. Bu makalede Türkiye kelimesi, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti anlamında kullanılmıştır. Mersin, Sinop ve Kırklareli’nde devam eden projelerin tamamlanması halinde on iki aktif nükleer reaktör olacağı düşünüldüğünde, başarılı bir nükleer afet modeli, afet yönetiminde etkili olan kritik başarı faktörlerinin doğru modellenmesi ve aralarındaki karşılıklı bağımlılık ilişkilerinin analizi ile mümkündür. Bu makalede literatür taramasıyla elde edilen nükleer afet yönetiminde etkili kriterlere, uzmanlarla beyin fırtınası yapılarak son şekli verilmiş, bağımlı ve bağımsız kriterleri sıralamak ve ayırt etmek için Bulanık DEMATEL yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca nükleer afet krizinin etkili yönetimi için uluslararası yükümlülükler de dikkate alınarak bir yönetim hiyerarşisi önerilmiştir. Makalenin son bölümünde, literatür araştırmasında belirlenen on yedi kriter önem sırasına göre yine literatür desteği ile incelenmiş ve karar vericilere önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Diğer taraftan, akademisyenlerin ve kamuoyunun farkındalığının arttırılması amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

Nükleer afet yönetimi erken uyarı

References

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  • Akkuyu NGS İnşaat Projesi. (2023,06,21). http://www.akkunpp.com/
  • Behl, A., Dutta, P., Gupta, S. (2019). Critical success factors for humanitarian supply chain management: a grey DEMATEL approach. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 52(13), 159-164.
  • Bylyeva, G. (2015). Türk afet yönetim sisteminin nükleer ve teknolojik felaketlere hazırlık kapasitesi (yüksek lisans tezi). YÖK tez merkezinden edinilmiştir (423646).
  • Chand, P., Thakkar, J. J., Ghosh, K. K. (2020). Analysis of supply chain performance metrics for Indian mining & earthmoving equipment manufacturing companies using hybrid MCDM model. Resources Policy, 68, 101742.
  • Cozzolino, A. (2012). Humanitarian Logistics. Cross-Sector Cooperation in Disaster Reief. CRED (Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters), EM-DAT Glossary, Erişim:10.11.2022 https://www.emdat.be/Glossary#letter_d.
  • Cvetković, V. M. (2021). Innovative solutions for disaster early warning and alert systems: a literary review.
  • Dvorzhak, A., Mora, J. C., Robles, B. (2016). Probabilistic risk assessment from potential exposures to the public applied for innovative nuclear installations. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 152, 176-186.
  • Ekşi, Ali. (2017). Nükleer Kazalarda Olay Yeri Yönetimi. Hastane Öncesi Dergisi, 2(1), 51-62.
  • Fraser, T., Aldrich, D. P., Small, A., Littlejohn, A. (2021). In the hands of a few: Disaster recovery committee networks. Journal of environmental management, 280, 111643.
  • Gauss, J., & Stanton, J. F. (1996). Perturbative treatment of triple excitations in coupled‐cluster calculations of nuclear magnetic shielding constants. The Journal of chemical physics, 104(7), 2574-2583.
  • Gomes, J. O., Borges, M. R., Huber, G. J., Carvalho, P. V. R. (2014). Analysis of the resilience of team performance during a nuclear emergency response exercise. Applied ergonomics, 45(3), 780-788.
  • Huo, C., Hameed, J., Nawaz, A., Shah, S. A. R., Alqahtani, W., Maqsoom, A., Anwar, M. K. (2021). Scientific risk performance analysis and development of disaster management framework: a case study of developing Asian countries. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 33(2), 101348.
  • IAEA (Internatıonal Atomıc Energy Agency), “Preparedness and Response for a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency”, (2023,4,19). https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/P_1708_web.pdf
  • Ibrion, M., Paltrinieri, N., Nejad, A. R. (2020). Learning from non-failure of Onagawa nuclear power station: an accident investigation over its life cycle. Results in Engineering, 8, 100185.
  • Kaynak, C. (2020). Örnek bir hastane afet ekibinin doğal afetler sonrasında ortaya çıkabilecek KBRN (Kimyasal, biyolojik, radyoaktif, nükleer) tehlikeler ile ilgili bilgi düzeylerinin ölçülmesi (yüksek lisans tezi). YÖK tez merkezinden edinilmiştir (626580).
  • Kawamura, H. (2018). The relation between law and technology in Japan: liability for technology-related mass damage in the cases of Minamata disease, asbestos, and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, Contemporary Japan, 30:1, 3-27.
  • Lagadec, P. (1982). Major Technological Risk: An Assessment of Industrial Disasters. New York: Pergamon Press.
  • Lebow, R. N. (1981). Between Peace and War: The Nature of International Crisis. Baltimore:Joh n Hopkin s Uni - versity Press .
  • Malesič, M., Prezelj, I., Juvan J., Polič, M., Uhan, S. (2014). Evacuation in the event of a nuclear disaster: Planned activity or improvisation?. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction.
  • Mustabeen, L., Hosan, M. I., Ghose, S., Dewan, M. J. (2020). Recommended Natıonal Nuclear Dısaster Management Plan For Bangladesh, 660-669.
  • NDK (Nükleer Düzenleme Kurumu), “Radyasyon İzleme ve Uyarı Sistemi Ağı (RADİSA)”, Erişim:19.04.2023, https://www.ndk.gov.tr/radyasyon-izleme-ve-uyari-sistemi-agi-radisa
  • Nuclear Power in Turkey.(2023,06,21). https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-t-z/turkey.aspx
  • Ochi, S., Leppold, C., Kato, S. (2020). Impacts of the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster on healthcare facilities: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 42, 101350.
  • Odabaş, D. (2019). Kimyasal, biyolojik, radyolojik ve nükleer afetleri yönetmek için bir karar destek sistemi modeli önerisi (yüksek lisans tezi). YÖK tez merkezinden edinilmiştir (554743).
  • Perrow , C., (1984). Normal Accidents: Living with High-Risk Technologies. Ne w York : Basic Books .
  • Perrow, C. (1999). Normal accidents: Living with high risk technologies. Princeton university press.
  • Petrudi, S. Hamid. H., Tavana, M., Abdi, M. (2020). A comprehensive framework for analyzing challenges in humanitarian supply chain management: A case study of the Iranian Red Crescent Society. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 42, 101340.
  • Pınar, M. (2019). Acil yardım ve afet yönetimi ve sağlık yönetimi bölümü öğrencilerinin nükleer enerji kullanımına ilişkin tutumlarının ölçülmesi: Gümüşhane Üniversitesi örneği (yüksek lisans tezi). YÖK tez merkezinden edinilmiştir (608885).
  • Resmi Gazete, “Radyasyon Acil Durumlarının Yönetimine Dair Yönetmelik”. (2023,4,19). https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2020/06/20200618-2.htm
  • Richter, J., Bernstein, M. J., Farooque, M. (2022). The process to find a process for governance: Nuclear waste management and consent-based siting in the United States. Energy Research & Social Science, 87, 102473.
  • Sample, Ian. (2023,4,19). The Guardina, “Japan earthquake: on efforts to contain the nuclear accident”, https://www.theguardian.com/world/interactive/2011/mar/16/japan-earthquake-and-tsunami-nuclear-sample.
  • Sättele, M., Krautblatter, M., Bründl, M., Straub, D. (2016). Forecasting rock slope failure: how reliable and effective are warning systems?. Landslides, 13, 737-750.
  • SHAMISEN, “Summary of Recommendations For Preparedness ans Follow-up of Populations Affected By Nuclear Accident”. (2023,4,19). https://radiation.isglobal.org/shamisen.
  • Siegel, D., Strauss-Riggs, K., Needle, S. (2014). Prioritization of pediatric chemical, biological, radiologic, nuclear, and explosive disaster preparedness education and training needs. Clinical pediatric emergency medicine, 15(4), 309-317.
  • Soyad, Ad. (2018). The relation between law and technology in Japan: liability for technology-related mass damage in the cases of Minamata disease, asbestos, and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, Contemporary Japan, 30:1, 3-27,
  • Tabuchi, H. (2011). Japanese workers braved radiation for a temp job. New York Times, 9.
  • Tezer, A. (2001). Acil Durum Yönetiminin Dört Evresi, Acil Durum Yönetim İlkeleri, 12-15
  • TÜBA (Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi), “2019 Yılı Faaliyet Raporu”, (2023,4,19). https://www.tuba.gov.tr/files/idari/2019-yili-faaliyet-raporu.pdf
  • TÜBA (Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi), (2023,4,19). https://www.tuba.gov.tr/files/yayinlar/raporlar/T%C3%9CBA%20N%C3%BCkleer%20Enerji%20Raporu.pdf United Nations, “International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons, 26 September”, (2023,4,19). https://www.un.org/en/observances/nuclear-weapons-elimination-day
  • Van Wassenhove, L. N. (2006). Humanitarian aid logistics: supply chain management in high gear. Journal of the Operational research Society, 57(5), 475-489.
  • Wada, K., Yoshikawa, T., Hayashi, T., Aizawa, Y. (2012). Emergency response technical work at Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant: occupational health challenges posed by the nuclear disaster. Occupational and environmental medicine, 69(8), 599-602.
  • Wahlström, B. (2018). Systemic thinking in support of safety management in nuclear power plants. Safety Science, 109, 201-218.
  • World Nuclear Org. Nuclear Power in the World Today (2023,06,21). https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/current-and-future-generation/nuclear-power-in-the-world-today.aspx
  • Yadav, Devendra. K., Barve, A. (2015). Analysis of critical success factors of humanitarian supply chain: An application of Interpretive Structural Modeling. International journal of disaster risk reduction, 12, 213-225.
  • World Vision. Helping children survive crisis.(2023,6,21). https://www.wvi.org/our-work/disaster-management?gad=1
  • Yamaguchi, I., Kunugita, N. (2019). Fukushima Nuclear Disaster—Monitoring and Risk Assessment.
  • Yamin, T. (2011). Nuclear disaster management. IPRI Journal XI, 2, 80-101.
  • Yılmaz, H. (2017). Nükleer afetlerde kriz yönetimi (yüksek lisans tezi). YÖK tez merkezinden edinilmiştir (473601).
  • Yuxin, Zhang., Hongxing, L., Yang M., Yoshikawa, H., (2018). Integrated Defense-in Depth (DiD) Risk Analysis System for Safety Operation of Nuclear Power Plants, 1364-1367.
  • Zhores A. Medvedev, (1990). The Legacy of Chernobyl, Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 85 - 103, 03.09.2023

Adnan Karabulut Mehmet Baran

https://doi.org/10.38213/ohsacademy.1233309

Abstract

Keywords

Nükleer afet yönetimi erken uyarı

References

  • AFAD, Afet ve Acil Durum Toplanma Alanı Sorgulama Alanı. (2022,11,10). https://www.turkiye.gov.tr/afet-ve-acil-durum-yonetimi-acil-toplanma-alani-sorgulama
  • Akkuyu NGS İnşaat Projesi. (2023,06,21). http://www.akkunpp.com/
  • Behl, A., Dutta, P., Gupta, S. (2019). Critical success factors for humanitarian supply chain management: a grey DEMATEL approach. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 52(13), 159-164.
  • Bylyeva, G. (2015). Türk afet yönetim sisteminin nükleer ve teknolojik felaketlere hazırlık kapasitesi (yüksek lisans tezi). YÖK tez merkezinden edinilmiştir (423646).
  • Chand, P., Thakkar, J. J., Ghosh, K. K. (2020). Analysis of supply chain performance metrics for Indian mining & earthmoving equipment manufacturing companies using hybrid MCDM model. Resources Policy, 68, 101742.
  • Cozzolino, A. (2012). Humanitarian Logistics. Cross-Sector Cooperation in Disaster Reief. CRED (Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters), EM-DAT Glossary, Erişim:10.11.2022 https://www.emdat.be/Glossary#letter_d.
  • Cvetković, V. M. (2021). Innovative solutions for disaster early warning and alert systems: a literary review.
  • Dvorzhak, A., Mora, J. C., Robles, B. (2016). Probabilistic risk assessment from potential exposures to the public applied for innovative nuclear installations. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 152, 176-186.
  • Ekşi, Ali. (2017). Nükleer Kazalarda Olay Yeri Yönetimi. Hastane Öncesi Dergisi, 2(1), 51-62.
  • Fraser, T., Aldrich, D. P., Small, A., Littlejohn, A. (2021). In the hands of a few: Disaster recovery committee networks. Journal of environmental management, 280, 111643.
  • Gauss, J., & Stanton, J. F. (1996). Perturbative treatment of triple excitations in coupled‐cluster calculations of nuclear magnetic shielding constants. The Journal of chemical physics, 104(7), 2574-2583.
  • Gomes, J. O., Borges, M. R., Huber, G. J., Carvalho, P. V. R. (2014). Analysis of the resilience of team performance during a nuclear emergency response exercise. Applied ergonomics, 45(3), 780-788.
  • Huo, C., Hameed, J., Nawaz, A., Shah, S. A. R., Alqahtani, W., Maqsoom, A., Anwar, M. K. (2021). Scientific risk performance analysis and development of disaster management framework: a case study of developing Asian countries. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 33(2), 101348.
  • IAEA (Internatıonal Atomıc Energy Agency), “Preparedness and Response for a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency”, (2023,4,19). https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/P_1708_web.pdf
  • Ibrion, M., Paltrinieri, N., Nejad, A. R. (2020). Learning from non-failure of Onagawa nuclear power station: an accident investigation over its life cycle. Results in Engineering, 8, 100185.
  • Kaynak, C. (2020). Örnek bir hastane afet ekibinin doğal afetler sonrasında ortaya çıkabilecek KBRN (Kimyasal, biyolojik, radyoaktif, nükleer) tehlikeler ile ilgili bilgi düzeylerinin ölçülmesi (yüksek lisans tezi). YÖK tez merkezinden edinilmiştir (626580).
  • Kawamura, H. (2018). The relation between law and technology in Japan: liability for technology-related mass damage in the cases of Minamata disease, asbestos, and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, Contemporary Japan, 30:1, 3-27.
  • Lagadec, P. (1982). Major Technological Risk: An Assessment of Industrial Disasters. New York: Pergamon Press.
  • Lebow, R. N. (1981). Between Peace and War: The Nature of International Crisis. Baltimore:Joh n Hopkin s Uni - versity Press .
  • Malesič, M., Prezelj, I., Juvan J., Polič, M., Uhan, S. (2014). Evacuation in the event of a nuclear disaster: Planned activity or improvisation?. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction.
  • Mustabeen, L., Hosan, M. I., Ghose, S., Dewan, M. J. (2020). Recommended Natıonal Nuclear Dısaster Management Plan For Bangladesh, 660-669.
  • NDK (Nükleer Düzenleme Kurumu), “Radyasyon İzleme ve Uyarı Sistemi Ağı (RADİSA)”, Erişim:19.04.2023, https://www.ndk.gov.tr/radyasyon-izleme-ve-uyari-sistemi-agi-radisa
  • Nuclear Power in Turkey.(2023,06,21). https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-t-z/turkey.aspx
  • Ochi, S., Leppold, C., Kato, S. (2020). Impacts of the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster on healthcare facilities: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 42, 101350.
  • Odabaş, D. (2019). Kimyasal, biyolojik, radyolojik ve nükleer afetleri yönetmek için bir karar destek sistemi modeli önerisi (yüksek lisans tezi). YÖK tez merkezinden edinilmiştir (554743).
  • Perrow , C., (1984). Normal Accidents: Living with High-Risk Technologies. Ne w York : Basic Books .
  • Perrow, C. (1999). Normal accidents: Living with high risk technologies. Princeton university press.
  • Petrudi, S. Hamid. H., Tavana, M., Abdi, M. (2020). A comprehensive framework for analyzing challenges in humanitarian supply chain management: A case study of the Iranian Red Crescent Society. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 42, 101340.
  • Pınar, M. (2019). Acil yardım ve afet yönetimi ve sağlık yönetimi bölümü öğrencilerinin nükleer enerji kullanımına ilişkin tutumlarının ölçülmesi: Gümüşhane Üniversitesi örneği (yüksek lisans tezi). YÖK tez merkezinden edinilmiştir (608885).
  • Resmi Gazete, “Radyasyon Acil Durumlarının Yönetimine Dair Yönetmelik”. (2023,4,19). https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2020/06/20200618-2.htm
  • Richter, J., Bernstein, M. J., Farooque, M. (2022). The process to find a process for governance: Nuclear waste management and consent-based siting in the United States. Energy Research & Social Science, 87, 102473.
  • Sample, Ian. (2023,4,19). The Guardina, “Japan earthquake: on efforts to contain the nuclear accident”, https://www.theguardian.com/world/interactive/2011/mar/16/japan-earthquake-and-tsunami-nuclear-sample.
  • Sättele, M., Krautblatter, M., Bründl, M., Straub, D. (2016). Forecasting rock slope failure: how reliable and effective are warning systems?. Landslides, 13, 737-750.
  • SHAMISEN, “Summary of Recommendations For Preparedness ans Follow-up of Populations Affected By Nuclear Accident”. (2023,4,19). https://radiation.isglobal.org/shamisen.
  • Siegel, D., Strauss-Riggs, K., Needle, S. (2014). Prioritization of pediatric chemical, biological, radiologic, nuclear, and explosive disaster preparedness education and training needs. Clinical pediatric emergency medicine, 15(4), 309-317.
  • Soyad, Ad. (2018). The relation between law and technology in Japan: liability for technology-related mass damage in the cases of Minamata disease, asbestos, and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, Contemporary Japan, 30:1, 3-27,
  • Tabuchi, H. (2011). Japanese workers braved radiation for a temp job. New York Times, 9.
  • Tezer, A. (2001). Acil Durum Yönetiminin Dört Evresi, Acil Durum Yönetim İlkeleri, 12-15
  • TÜBA (Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi), “2019 Yılı Faaliyet Raporu”, (2023,4,19). https://www.tuba.gov.tr/files/idari/2019-yili-faaliyet-raporu.pdf
  • TÜBA (Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi), (2023,4,19). https://www.tuba.gov.tr/files/yayinlar/raporlar/T%C3%9CBA%20N%C3%BCkleer%20Enerji%20Raporu.pdf United Nations, “International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons, 26 September”, (2023,4,19). https://www.un.org/en/observances/nuclear-weapons-elimination-day
  • Van Wassenhove, L. N. (2006). Humanitarian aid logistics: supply chain management in high gear. Journal of the Operational research Society, 57(5), 475-489.
  • Wada, K., Yoshikawa, T., Hayashi, T., Aizawa, Y. (2012). Emergency response technical work at Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant: occupational health challenges posed by the nuclear disaster. Occupational and environmental medicine, 69(8), 599-602.
  • Wahlström, B. (2018). Systemic thinking in support of safety management in nuclear power plants. Safety Science, 109, 201-218.
  • World Nuclear Org. Nuclear Power in the World Today (2023,06,21). https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/current-and-future-generation/nuclear-power-in-the-world-today.aspx
  • Yadav, Devendra. K., Barve, A. (2015). Analysis of critical success factors of humanitarian supply chain: An application of Interpretive Structural Modeling. International journal of disaster risk reduction, 12, 213-225.
  • World Vision. Helping children survive crisis.(2023,6,21). https://www.wvi.org/our-work/disaster-management?gad=1
  • Yamaguchi, I., Kunugita, N. (2019). Fukushima Nuclear Disaster—Monitoring and Risk Assessment.
  • Yamin, T. (2011). Nuclear disaster management. IPRI Journal XI, 2, 80-101.
  • Yılmaz, H. (2017). Nükleer afetlerde kriz yönetimi (yüksek lisans tezi). YÖK tez merkezinden edinilmiştir (473601).
  • Yuxin, Zhang., Hongxing, L., Yang M., Yoshikawa, H., (2018). Integrated Defense-in Depth (DiD) Risk Analysis System for Safety Operation of Nuclear Power Plants, 1364-1367.
  • Zhores A. Medvedev, (1990). The Legacy of Chernobyl, Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Adnan Karabulut 0000-0002-0643-098X

Mehmet Baran 0000-0001-6674-7308

Publication Date September 3, 2023
Acceptance Date September 3, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Karabulut, A., & Baran, M. (2023). Türkiye Nükleer Afet Yönetimi için Kritik Başarı Faktörlerinin Analizi. OHS ACADEMY, 6(2), 85-103. https://doi.org/10.38213/ohsacademy.1233309
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