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Paraphilias And Its Journey Throughout DSM’s

Year 2018, Volume: 9 Issue: 16, 1285 - 1306, 30.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.481118

Abstract

“Paraphilia”
consists of a combination of the words “para” meaning “beside, aside” and
“philia” which means “love”. Paraphilias have been controversial subjects in
the mental health field in terms of defining what can be considered normal
versus disordered or deviant behavior. In part, this is related to changes in
sexual norms over time and between cultures. International Statistical
Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10), a medical
classification list by the World Health Organization specifically did not
provide a definition for paraphilia. For this reason, the manual where we look
for the definition for paraphilia that is used worldwide is DSM (Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). In the first DSM (DSM-1), which was
published in 1952, the paraphilias were considered as a type of sociopathic
personality disorder and they changed over time in terms of section, definition
and diagnosis criteria. In the current form of DSM which is called DSM-5 manual,
"paraphilic disorders" are classified separately. This current study
investigates the etiology, diagnostic criteria of paraphilias and factors
causes changes in DSM guidelines. Also, the journey of paraphilias will be
reviewed throughout all the manuals from DSM-1 to DSM-5 (DSM-1, DSM-2, DSM-3,
DSM-3R, DSM-4TR and DSM-5).

References

  • Agmo, A. (2007). Functional and dysfuncional sexual behaviour: a syntesis of neuroscience and comparative psychology. UK: Elsevier Inc.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (1952). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-I). Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (1968). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-II). Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.; DSM–III.). Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed., rev.; DSM–III–R). Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.; DSM–IV). Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM–IV–TR). Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, (Fifth Edition; DSM-V). Washington, DC: Author.
  • Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği. (2014). Ruhsal bozuklukların tanısal ve sayımsal el kitabı. (DSM-5Tanı Ölçütleri Başvuru El Kitabı’ndan, Çev. Köroğlu, E.). Beşinci baskı, Hekimler Yayın Birliği: Ankara.
  • Balon, R. (2016). Practical guide to paraphilia and paraphilic disorders. Springer International Publishing Switzerland: USA. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42650-1
  • Blanchard, R., Lykins, A. D., Wherrett, D., Kuban, M. E., Cantor, J. M., Blak, T., … Klassen, P. E. (2008). Pedophilia, hebephilia, and the DSM-V. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38(3):335–350. doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9399-9.
  • Bridge, E. N. ve Duman, N. (2018). Identifying pedophilia. Life Skills Journal of Psychology, 2(4), 215-222. DOI: 10.31461/ybpd.455350
  • Cheney, V. T. (2004). The sex offenses and their treatments the problem –the solution—commentary. Author House: USA
  • Di Lorenzo, G., Gorea, F., Longo, L., ve Ribolsi, M. (2018). Paraphilia and paraphilic disorders. In S.A. Jannini E. (a cura di), Sexual Dys-functions in Mentally Ill Patients (pp. 193-213). Springer. DOI: 10.1007 / 978-3-319-68306-5_18
  • Freud, S. (2006). Cinsellik üzerine üç deneme. (Selçuk Budak, Çev.). Öteki Yayınevi:İstanbul.
  • Freund K. ve Watson, R. (1990). Mapping the boundaries of courtship disorder. The Journal of Sex Research, 27:589–606.
  • Heidenry, J. (1987). What wild ecstasy The rise and fall of the sexual revolution. USA:Simon ve Schuster
  • Hinderliter, A. C. (2010). Defining paraphilia: excluding exclusion. Open Access Journal of Forensic Psychology, 2010 (2): 241-272. Erişim adresi: https://www.ipce.info/library/journal-article/defining-paraphilia-excluding-exclusion
  • Joyal, C. C. (2018). Controversies in the definition of paraphilia. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 15(10):1-3. D.O.I. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.-jsxm.2018.08.005
  • Keenan, J. (2013). We’re kinky, not crazy: including “paraphilic disorders” in the DSM-V is redundant, unscientific, and stigmatizing. The Slate. 2013 http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_-science/medical_examiner/2013/03/sexual_kinks_in_the_dsm_v-_paraphilic_disorders_describe_unhappy_kinksters.html
  • Kleinplatz, P. J. (2001). New directions in sex therapy: innovations and alternatives. USA:Talor ve Francis.
  • McManus, M. A., Hargreaves, P., Rainbow, L. ve Alison, L. J. (2013). Paraphilias: definition, diagnosis and treatment. F1000Prime Rep. 2013; 5: 36. doi: 10.12703/P5-36
  • Malin, M. ve Saleh, F. M. (2007). Paraphilias: clinical and forensic considerations. Psychiatric Times, 24 (5). Erişim adresi: http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/forensic-psychiatry/paraphilias-clinical-and-forensic-considerations
  • Money, J. (1984). Paraphilias: Phenomenology and classification. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 38, 164-178.
  • Purcell, C. H ve Arrigo, B.A. (2006). The psychology of lust murder. Paraphilia, sexual killing and sexual homicide. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
  • Quinsey, V. L. (2012). Pragmatic and Darwinian views of the paraphilias. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41:217–20. doi: 10.1007/s10508-011-9872-8
  • Silverstein, C. (2009). The implications of removing homosexuality from the DSM as a mental disorder [Letter to the editor]. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38:161-3. doi: 10.1007/s10508-008-9442-x.
  • Stewart, R. S. (2012). Constructing Perversions: The DSM and the classification of sexual paraphilias and disorders. Electronic Journal of Human Sexuality, 2012:15. http://f1000.com/prime/718074542
  • Wakefield, J. C. (2011). DSM-5 proposed diagnostic criteria for sexual paraphilias: tensions between diagnostic validity and forensic utility. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 34:195–209. doi: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2011.04.012.
  • Zonana, H. (2011). Sexual disorders: new and expanded proposals for the DSM-5—do we need them? Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 39:245–9. [PubMed] http://f1000.com/prime/718074545

Parafililer ve DSM’lerdeki seyri

Year 2018, Volume: 9 Issue: 16, 1285 - 1306, 30.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.481118

Abstract

Paraphilia”
sözcüğü Eski Yunanca’da “yanında, civarında” anlamındaki “para” sözcüğü ile
“sevgi, sevi” anlamındaki “philia” kelimelerinin birleşiminden
oluşmaktadır.  Parafili konusunda ve
neyin normal ve karşısında neyin sapkın ya da bozuk davranış olduğunu
tanımlamada psikiyatri alanında büyük tartışmalar bulunmaktadır. Bu durum kısmen,
cinsel normların zaman içindeki ve kültürler arasındaki değişiminden
kaynaklanmaktadır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) tarafından hazırlanan ICD-10 (International
Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems) sınıflandırması
parafili için spesifik bir tanımlama getirmemiştir. Bu nedenle dünya genelinde
kullanılan parafili tanımı için bakılacak yer Mental Bozuklukların Tanısal ve
Sayımsal El Kitabı (DSM)’dır. 1952 yılında Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği (APA)
tarafından yayınlanan ilk DSM’de (DSM-1) sosyopatik kişilik rahatsızlığının
türü olarak karşılaşılan parafililerin, zaman içerisinde kılavuzlardaki yeri,
tanımı, tanı kriterleri değişikliklere uğramıştır. Günümüzde kullanılan DSM-5
kılavuzunda parafililer, “parafili bozuklukları” adıyla ayrı bir başlıkta yer
alır hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada parafililerin etiyolojisi, tanı kriterleri ve
DSM kılavuzlarındaki değişimlerine etki eden faktörleri incelenecek ve
parafililerin DSM-1’den DSM-5’e kadar olan tüm el kitaplarındaki (DSM-1, DSM-2,
DSM-3, DSM-3R, DSM-4, DSM-4TR ve DSM-5) seyri değerlendirilecektir.

References

  • Agmo, A. (2007). Functional and dysfuncional sexual behaviour: a syntesis of neuroscience and comparative psychology. UK: Elsevier Inc.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (1952). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-I). Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (1968). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-II). Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.; DSM–III.). Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed., rev.; DSM–III–R). Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.; DSM–IV). Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM–IV–TR). Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, (Fifth Edition; DSM-V). Washington, DC: Author.
  • Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği. (2014). Ruhsal bozuklukların tanısal ve sayımsal el kitabı. (DSM-5Tanı Ölçütleri Başvuru El Kitabı’ndan, Çev. Köroğlu, E.). Beşinci baskı, Hekimler Yayın Birliği: Ankara.
  • Balon, R. (2016). Practical guide to paraphilia and paraphilic disorders. Springer International Publishing Switzerland: USA. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42650-1
  • Blanchard, R., Lykins, A. D., Wherrett, D., Kuban, M. E., Cantor, J. M., Blak, T., … Klassen, P. E. (2008). Pedophilia, hebephilia, and the DSM-V. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38(3):335–350. doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9399-9.
  • Bridge, E. N. ve Duman, N. (2018). Identifying pedophilia. Life Skills Journal of Psychology, 2(4), 215-222. DOI: 10.31461/ybpd.455350
  • Cheney, V. T. (2004). The sex offenses and their treatments the problem –the solution—commentary. Author House: USA
  • Di Lorenzo, G., Gorea, F., Longo, L., ve Ribolsi, M. (2018). Paraphilia and paraphilic disorders. In S.A. Jannini E. (a cura di), Sexual Dys-functions in Mentally Ill Patients (pp. 193-213). Springer. DOI: 10.1007 / 978-3-319-68306-5_18
  • Freud, S. (2006). Cinsellik üzerine üç deneme. (Selçuk Budak, Çev.). Öteki Yayınevi:İstanbul.
  • Freund K. ve Watson, R. (1990). Mapping the boundaries of courtship disorder. The Journal of Sex Research, 27:589–606.
  • Heidenry, J. (1987). What wild ecstasy The rise and fall of the sexual revolution. USA:Simon ve Schuster
  • Hinderliter, A. C. (2010). Defining paraphilia: excluding exclusion. Open Access Journal of Forensic Psychology, 2010 (2): 241-272. Erişim adresi: https://www.ipce.info/library/journal-article/defining-paraphilia-excluding-exclusion
  • Joyal, C. C. (2018). Controversies in the definition of paraphilia. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 15(10):1-3. D.O.I. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.-jsxm.2018.08.005
  • Keenan, J. (2013). We’re kinky, not crazy: including “paraphilic disorders” in the DSM-V is redundant, unscientific, and stigmatizing. The Slate. 2013 http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_-science/medical_examiner/2013/03/sexual_kinks_in_the_dsm_v-_paraphilic_disorders_describe_unhappy_kinksters.html
  • Kleinplatz, P. J. (2001). New directions in sex therapy: innovations and alternatives. USA:Talor ve Francis.
  • McManus, M. A., Hargreaves, P., Rainbow, L. ve Alison, L. J. (2013). Paraphilias: definition, diagnosis and treatment. F1000Prime Rep. 2013; 5: 36. doi: 10.12703/P5-36
  • Malin, M. ve Saleh, F. M. (2007). Paraphilias: clinical and forensic considerations. Psychiatric Times, 24 (5). Erişim adresi: http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/forensic-psychiatry/paraphilias-clinical-and-forensic-considerations
  • Money, J. (1984). Paraphilias: Phenomenology and classification. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 38, 164-178.
  • Purcell, C. H ve Arrigo, B.A. (2006). The psychology of lust murder. Paraphilia, sexual killing and sexual homicide. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
  • Quinsey, V. L. (2012). Pragmatic and Darwinian views of the paraphilias. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41:217–20. doi: 10.1007/s10508-011-9872-8
  • Silverstein, C. (2009). The implications of removing homosexuality from the DSM as a mental disorder [Letter to the editor]. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38:161-3. doi: 10.1007/s10508-008-9442-x.
  • Stewart, R. S. (2012). Constructing Perversions: The DSM and the classification of sexual paraphilias and disorders. Electronic Journal of Human Sexuality, 2012:15. http://f1000.com/prime/718074542
  • Wakefield, J. C. (2011). DSM-5 proposed diagnostic criteria for sexual paraphilias: tensions between diagnostic validity and forensic utility. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 34:195–209. doi: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2011.04.012.
  • Zonana, H. (2011). Sexual disorders: new and expanded proposals for the DSM-5—do we need them? Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 39:245–9. [PubMed] http://f1000.com/prime/718074545
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Nesrin Duman 0000-0002-2751-8315

Publication Date December 30, 2018
Acceptance Date December 5, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 9 Issue: 16

Cite

APA Duman, N. (2018). Parafililer ve DSM’lerdeki seyri. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 9(16), 1285-1306. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.481118