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England Health Policies from Past to Present: A Current Perspective Focused on the National Health System

Year 2019, Volume: 11 Issue: 18, 2687 - 2707, 30.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.548218

Abstract

England has an important place in the world in terms
of health politics and practices as much as it is in terms of past political
and economic indicators. Beveridge and the England health policy, symbolized by
the National Health System, are chronologically changing, just like in other
countries. Especially with the Brexit process, England has come to an important
stage and there are various opinions in the literature that this stage has
positive and negative aspects.The aim of the study is to describe the England
health policies before and after the National Health System. Within the
framework of the conceptual work, from the begining till today National Health
System's structural characteristics and legal and managerial changes are
introduced. As a result of the study, from 1948 to the present day, health
policies in the England were found to change, depending on the political power
and global economic developments. Within the National Health System, various
findings have been reached, including that the costs of health services for
individuals are mainly covered by taxation, which is a constant debate in
government, and in recent years the National Health System has experienced
structural and functional problems.

References

  • Aksakoğlu, G. ve Giray, H. (2006). Birleşik Krallık’ta ulusal sağlık hizmetinin öyküsü, Toplum ve Hekim TTB Yayını, 21, 335-343.
  • Ateş, M. (2011). Sağlık sistemleri, İstanbul:Gerekli Kitap Yayınları .
  • Bevan, G., Karanikolos, M., Exley, J., Nolte, E., Connolly, S., ve Mays, N. (2014). The four health systems of the United Kingdom: How do they compare? Summary Report. The Health Foundation.
  • Boyle, S. (2008). The health system in England. EUROHEALTH-LONDON, 14(1), 1-114.
  • Boyle, S. (2011). United Kingdom (England). health systems review. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe. Health Syst Transit, 13(1), 1-486.
  • British Medical Association (2018). Brecit briefing reciprocal healthcare between the UK and the EU, https://www.bma.org.uk/collective-voice/influence/europe/brexit/bma-brexit-briefings/reciprocal-healthcare 20.04.2019 tarihinde adresinden erişildi.
  • Chang, J., Peysakhovich, F., Wang, W., ve Zhu, J. (2011). The UK health care system. The United Kingdom. 30.01.2019 tarihinde http://assets.ce.columbia.edu/pdf/actu/actu-uk.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Cylus, J., Richardson, E., Findley, L., Longley, M., O'Neill, C., ve Steel, D. (2015). United Kingdom: Health system review. Health systems in transition, 17(5), 1-126.
  • D., Gönül (2009). Birleşik Krallık Sağlık Sistemi,19.11.2017 tarihinde http://halksagligiokulu.org/anasayfa/components/com_booklibrary/ebooks/nhs_kitap_0210.pdf, adresinden erişildi.
  • Fahy, N., Hervey, T., Greer, S., Jarman, H., Stuckler, D., Galsworthy, M., ve McKee, M. (2019). How will Brexit affect health services in the UK? An updated evaluation. The Lancet, 393(10174), 1-10.
  • Greener, I. (2015). Wolves and big yellow taxis: How would be know if the nhs is at death’s door?: Comment on who killed the english national health service?. International Journal Of Health Policy And Management, 4(10), 687-689.
  • Greengross, P., Grant, K. ve Collini, E. (1999). The UK national health service, DFID Health Systems Resource Centre, 02.04.2019 tarihinde http://www.heart-resources.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/The-history-and-development-of-the-UK-NHS.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Hermann, C. (2010). Kapitalizmde sağlık, sağlıksızlık semptomları, L. Panitch ve C. Leys (Eds.) , U. Haskan (Çev.), (2. Bsm), London:Merlin Press.
  • Hitiris, T.(1997) Health care expenditure and integration in the countries of the European Union, Applied Economics, 29(1), 1-6. 19.11.2017 tarihinde http://www.who.int/topics/health_systems/en/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Jakubowski, E. ve Busse, R. (1998). Health Care Systems in the EU [: A Comparative Study, European Parliament, 02.04.2019 tarihinde http://www.europarl.europa.eu/workingpapers/saco/pdf/101 _en.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Lameire, N., Joffe, P. and Wiedemann, M., (1999). Healthcare systems—an international review: An overview, Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 14(6), 3-9.
  • Light, D. W. (2003). Universal health care: Lessons from the British experience, American Journal of Public Health, 93(1), 25-30.
  • Mooney, G. (2012). Ulusların sağlığı yeni bir ekonomi politiğe doğru,.C. Terzi (Çev.), (1. Bsm), İstanbul: Yordam Kitap Basın ve Yayın.
  • National Audit Offıce (2018). Sustainability and transformation in the NHS, 30.01.2019 tarihinde https://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Sustainability-and-transformation-in-the-NHS.pdf, adresinden erişildi.
  • OECD (2016), Economic Policy Paper (NO:16), The Economic Consequences Of Brexit: A Taxing Decision, 30.01.2019 tarihinde,https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/5jm0lsvdkf6k-en.pdf?expires=1532865541&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=A66280D07F6BBBBA24DECF0069A3207F adresinden erişildi.
  • Peckham, S. (2014), Accountability in the UK healthcare system: An overview, Healthcare Policy, 10, 154-162.
  • Sargutan, E. (2010). 84 Ülke ve Türkiye’nin Karşılaştırmalı Sağlık Sistemleri, http://www.sargutan.com/page17.html
  • Scott-Samuel, A., Bambra, C., Collins, C., Hunter, D. J., McCartney, G., ve Smith, K. (2014). The impact of Thatcherism on health and well-being in Britain. International Journal of Health Services, 44(1), 53-71.
  • Thane, P. (2009). Memorandum submitted to the House of Commons’ Health Committee Inquiry: Social Care. 18.07.2018 tarihinde, http://www.historyandpolicy.org/docs/thane_social_care.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Thatcher, M. (1993). The downing street years, London: Harper Collins E-Book.
  • The American College Of Healthcare Executives (Ache), Introduction to Health Policy, 17.07.2018 tarihinde, https://www.ache.org/pubs/-Shi_Chapter1_2.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Vall-Spinosa, A., (1991). Lessons from London: the British are Reforming their national health service, American Journal of Public Health, 81(12), 1566-1570.
  • Vizard, P. and Obolenskaya P. (2015). The coalition’s record on health: Policy, spending and outcomes 2010-2015, Social Policy in a Cold Climate Working Paper, 16, 1-160.
  • Yıldırım, H. H. ve Yıldırım T. (2011). Avrupa Birliği sağlık politikaları ve Türkiye, (2. Bsm), Ankara: İmaj Yayınevi.

Geçmişten Günümüze İngiltere Sağlık Politikaları: Ulusal Sağlık Sistemi Odaklı Güncel Bir Perspektif

Year 2019, Volume: 11 Issue: 18, 2687 - 2707, 30.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.548218

Abstract

İngiltere, geçmişten günümüze siyasi ve ekonomik
göstergeler açısından olduğu kadar sağlık politikaları ve uygulamaları
açısından da dünyada önemli bir yere sahiptir. Beveridge ve Ulusal Sağlık
Sistemi kavramlarıyla sembolize edilen İngiltere sağlık politikaları, diğer
ülkelerde olduğu gibi kronolojik olarak bir değişim yaşamıştır. Özellikle
Brexit süreciyle birlikte İngiltere önemli bir aşamaya gelmiş, bu aşamanın
olumlu ve olmumsuz yönleri olduğuna dair literatürde çeşitli görüşler
mevcuttur. Çalışmanın amacı, Ulusal Sağlık Sistemi öncesi ve sonrası İngiltere
sağlık politikalarının betimlemesini yapmaktır. Kavramsal bir yapıda kurgulanan
çalışmanın kapsamında, kurulduğu günden günümüze Ulusal Sağlık Sistemi’nin
yapısal özellikleri ve geçirdiği yasal ve yönetimsel değişiklikler yer
almaktadır. Çalışma sonucunda 1948’den günümüze siyasal iktidarların programları
ve küresel ekonomik gelişmelere bağlı olarak İngiltere’de sağlık
politikalarının değişim gösterdiği; Ulusal Sağlık Sistemi kapsamında bireylerin
sağlık hizmetleri maliyetlerinin ağırlıklı olarak vergilerden karşılandığı; ve
bu durumun hükümet nezdinde sürekli bir tartışma alanı olduğu ve son yıllarda
Ulusal Sağlık Sisteminin yapısal ve işlevsel sorunlar yaşadığı başta olmak
üzere çeşitli bulgulara ulaşılmıştır.

References

  • Aksakoğlu, G. ve Giray, H. (2006). Birleşik Krallık’ta ulusal sağlık hizmetinin öyküsü, Toplum ve Hekim TTB Yayını, 21, 335-343.
  • Ateş, M. (2011). Sağlık sistemleri, İstanbul:Gerekli Kitap Yayınları .
  • Bevan, G., Karanikolos, M., Exley, J., Nolte, E., Connolly, S., ve Mays, N. (2014). The four health systems of the United Kingdom: How do they compare? Summary Report. The Health Foundation.
  • Boyle, S. (2008). The health system in England. EUROHEALTH-LONDON, 14(1), 1-114.
  • Boyle, S. (2011). United Kingdom (England). health systems review. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe. Health Syst Transit, 13(1), 1-486.
  • British Medical Association (2018). Brecit briefing reciprocal healthcare between the UK and the EU, https://www.bma.org.uk/collective-voice/influence/europe/brexit/bma-brexit-briefings/reciprocal-healthcare 20.04.2019 tarihinde adresinden erişildi.
  • Chang, J., Peysakhovich, F., Wang, W., ve Zhu, J. (2011). The UK health care system. The United Kingdom. 30.01.2019 tarihinde http://assets.ce.columbia.edu/pdf/actu/actu-uk.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Cylus, J., Richardson, E., Findley, L., Longley, M., O'Neill, C., ve Steel, D. (2015). United Kingdom: Health system review. Health systems in transition, 17(5), 1-126.
  • D., Gönül (2009). Birleşik Krallık Sağlık Sistemi,19.11.2017 tarihinde http://halksagligiokulu.org/anasayfa/components/com_booklibrary/ebooks/nhs_kitap_0210.pdf, adresinden erişildi.
  • Fahy, N., Hervey, T., Greer, S., Jarman, H., Stuckler, D., Galsworthy, M., ve McKee, M. (2019). How will Brexit affect health services in the UK? An updated evaluation. The Lancet, 393(10174), 1-10.
  • Greener, I. (2015). Wolves and big yellow taxis: How would be know if the nhs is at death’s door?: Comment on who killed the english national health service?. International Journal Of Health Policy And Management, 4(10), 687-689.
  • Greengross, P., Grant, K. ve Collini, E. (1999). The UK national health service, DFID Health Systems Resource Centre, 02.04.2019 tarihinde http://www.heart-resources.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/The-history-and-development-of-the-UK-NHS.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Hermann, C. (2010). Kapitalizmde sağlık, sağlıksızlık semptomları, L. Panitch ve C. Leys (Eds.) , U. Haskan (Çev.), (2. Bsm), London:Merlin Press.
  • Hitiris, T.(1997) Health care expenditure and integration in the countries of the European Union, Applied Economics, 29(1), 1-6. 19.11.2017 tarihinde http://www.who.int/topics/health_systems/en/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Jakubowski, E. ve Busse, R. (1998). Health Care Systems in the EU [: A Comparative Study, European Parliament, 02.04.2019 tarihinde http://www.europarl.europa.eu/workingpapers/saco/pdf/101 _en.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Lameire, N., Joffe, P. and Wiedemann, M., (1999). Healthcare systems—an international review: An overview, Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 14(6), 3-9.
  • Light, D. W. (2003). Universal health care: Lessons from the British experience, American Journal of Public Health, 93(1), 25-30.
  • Mooney, G. (2012). Ulusların sağlığı yeni bir ekonomi politiğe doğru,.C. Terzi (Çev.), (1. Bsm), İstanbul: Yordam Kitap Basın ve Yayın.
  • National Audit Offıce (2018). Sustainability and transformation in the NHS, 30.01.2019 tarihinde https://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Sustainability-and-transformation-in-the-NHS.pdf, adresinden erişildi.
  • OECD (2016), Economic Policy Paper (NO:16), The Economic Consequences Of Brexit: A Taxing Decision, 30.01.2019 tarihinde,https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/5jm0lsvdkf6k-en.pdf?expires=1532865541&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=A66280D07F6BBBBA24DECF0069A3207F adresinden erişildi.
  • Peckham, S. (2014), Accountability in the UK healthcare system: An overview, Healthcare Policy, 10, 154-162.
  • Sargutan, E. (2010). 84 Ülke ve Türkiye’nin Karşılaştırmalı Sağlık Sistemleri, http://www.sargutan.com/page17.html
  • Scott-Samuel, A., Bambra, C., Collins, C., Hunter, D. J., McCartney, G., ve Smith, K. (2014). The impact of Thatcherism on health and well-being in Britain. International Journal of Health Services, 44(1), 53-71.
  • Thane, P. (2009). Memorandum submitted to the House of Commons’ Health Committee Inquiry: Social Care. 18.07.2018 tarihinde, http://www.historyandpolicy.org/docs/thane_social_care.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Thatcher, M. (1993). The downing street years, London: Harper Collins E-Book.
  • The American College Of Healthcare Executives (Ache), Introduction to Health Policy, 17.07.2018 tarihinde, https://www.ache.org/pubs/-Shi_Chapter1_2.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Vall-Spinosa, A., (1991). Lessons from London: the British are Reforming their national health service, American Journal of Public Health, 81(12), 1566-1570.
  • Vizard, P. and Obolenskaya P. (2015). The coalition’s record on health: Policy, spending and outcomes 2010-2015, Social Policy in a Cold Climate Working Paper, 16, 1-160.
  • Yıldırım, H. H. ve Yıldırım T. (2011). Avrupa Birliği sağlık politikaları ve Türkiye, (2. Bsm), Ankara: İmaj Yayınevi.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Erdal Eke 0000-0002-9529-5889

Merve Kişi 0000-0001-9226-8490

Publication Date June 30, 2019
Acceptance Date June 23, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 11 Issue: 18

Cite

APA Eke, E., & Kişi, M. (2019). Geçmişten Günümüze İngiltere Sağlık Politikaları: Ulusal Sağlık Sistemi Odaklı Güncel Bir Perspektif. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 11(18), 2687-2707. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.548218