The Guiding Force for Moral Behaviour and the Role of Religion to Sustain it: A Comparative Study Through a Psychological Lens
Abstract
Since time immemorial, the world has been shaped by various rules and codes of conduct. These rules, though varying with the demand of time, have been incorporated into human life to ensure harmony and prosperity. Of particular significance are the moral or ethical rules that have guided humanity along the path of goodness. Moral codes of conduct have always been tied to the idea of right and wrong, of goodness and evil, and are almost always introduced with religious or cultural undertones. While this may be the cause for differences in certain specific codes of conduct across different cultures and religions, nonetheless, there are also pieces of evidence pointing to a universal nature of moral and ethical values. There are some of these values that remain the same across cultures, and religions are causes for exploration. Therefore the current paper seeks to explore the similarities in ethical or moral values and behavior found in religious scriptures, namely Futuwwat-nama and certain Hindu scriptures. Moreover, the paper briefly examines modern psychological theories to understand morality through religion. For this purpose, we have examined Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Sulami’s Futuwwat-nama, ‘The Book of Sufi Chivalry,’ and some Hindu scriptures, such as the ‘Rig Veda’, ‘Manu Smrithi’ and ‘Mahabharata’ to name a few. Three broad themes were identified and analyzed using various psychological theories.
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References
- Arnakis, G. G. (1953). Futuwwa Traditions in the Ottoman Empire Akhis, Bektashi Dervishes, and Craftsmen. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 12(4), 232-247. Bandura, A., & Walters, R. H. (1977). Social learning theory (Vol. 1). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-hall. Buch, M. A. (2003). The Principles of Hindu Ethics. Bharatiya Kala Prakashan. Janssens, J. M., & Deković, M. (1997). Child rearing, prosocial moral reasoning, and prosocial behaviour. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 20(3), 509-527. Kohlberg, L. (1958). The Development of Modes of Thinking and Choices in Years 10 to 16. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Chicago. Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological review, 50(4), 370.. Muhammad ibn al-Husain al-Sulami, & Bayrak, T. (1983). The Book of Sufi Chivalry: Lessons to a Son of the Moment: Futtuwah. East West Publications. Vansteenkiste, M., & Ryan, R. M. (2013). On psychological growth and vulnerability: basic psychological need satisfaction and need frustration as a unifying principle. Journal of psychotherapy integration, 23(3), 263. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (Eds.). (2004). Handbook of self-determination research. University Rochester Press. Strand, P. S. (2009). Religion as schedule-induced behavior. The Behavior Analyst, 32(1), 191-204.
Ahlaki Davranışın Yol Gösterici Gücü ve Dinin Sürdürülebilirlikteki Rolü: Psikolojik Bakış Açısından Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma
Abstract
Çok eski zamanlardan beri, dünya çeşitli kurallar ve davranış kuralları ile şekillenmiştir. Bu kurallar, zamanın talebine göre değişmekle birlikte, uyum ve refah sağlamak için insan yaşamına dahil edilmiştir. İnsanlığı iyilik yolu boyunca yönlendiren ahlaki veya etik kurallar özellikle önemlidir. Ahlaki davranış kuralları her zaman doğru ve yanlış, iyilik ve kötülük fikrine bağlıdır ve neredeyse her zaman dini veya kültürel alt tonlarla tanıtılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, farklı kültürler ve dinler arasındaki belirli özel davranış kurallarındaki farklılıkların nedeni olsa da, yine de ahlaki ve etik değerlerin evrensel doğasına işaret eden kanıtlar da vardır. Kültürlerde aynı kalan bu değerlerden bazıları vardır ve dinler keşif için sebeplerdir. Bu nedenle mevcut makale dini metinlerde, yani Futuwwat-nama'da ve bazı Hindu metinlerinde bulunan etik veya ahlaki değerler ve davranışlardaki benzerlikleri araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca, makale din yoluyla ahlakı anlamak için modern psikolojik teorileri kısaca inceler. Bu amaçla Muhammed ibn el-Hüseyin El-Sulami'nin Futuwwat-nama, 'Tasavvuf Şövalyesi Kitabı' ve 'Rig Veda', 'Manu Smrithi' ve 'Mahabharata' gibi bazı Hindu kutsal metinlerini incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda, üç geniş tema çeşitli psikolojik teoriler kullanılarak tanımlanmış ve analiz edilmiştir.
Keywords
References
- Arnakis, G. G. (1953). Futuwwa Traditions in the Ottoman Empire Akhis, Bektashi Dervishes, and Craftsmen. Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 12(4), 232-247. Bandura, A., & Walters, R. H. (1977). Social learning theory (Vol. 1). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-hall. Buch, M. A. (2003). The Principles of Hindu Ethics. Bharatiya Kala Prakashan. Janssens, J. M., & Deković, M. (1997). Child rearing, prosocial moral reasoning, and prosocial behaviour. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 20(3), 509-527. Kohlberg, L. (1958). The Development of Modes of Thinking and Choices in Years 10 to 16. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Chicago. Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological review, 50(4), 370.. Muhammad ibn al-Husain al-Sulami, & Bayrak, T. (1983). The Book of Sufi Chivalry: Lessons to a Son of the Moment: Futtuwah. East West Publications. Vansteenkiste, M., & Ryan, R. M. (2013). On psychological growth and vulnerability: basic psychological need satisfaction and need frustration as a unifying principle. Journal of psychotherapy integration, 23(3), 263. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (Eds.). (2004). Handbook of self-determination research. University Rochester Press. Strand, P. S. (2009). Religion as schedule-induced behavior. The Behavior Analyst, 32(1), 191-204.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 Volume: 12 Issue: 1 |
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