Research Article
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Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 1 - 21, 01.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.17275/per.22.1.9.1

Abstract

References

  • Aldemir, A., & İlhan, T. (2018). A study on the professional perceptions of school counselors. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 8(51), 53-80.
  • Andrews, D., Nonnecke, B.& Preece, J. (2003) Electronic survey methodology: A case study in reaching hard to involve Internet Users. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction. 16(2), 185-210.
  • ASCA, (2016). ASCA ethical standards for school counselors. https://www.schoolcounselor.org/asca/media/asca/Ethics/EthicalStandards2016.pdf
  • Bernard. J. M. & Goodyear. R. K. (2004). Fundamentals of Clinical Supervision (3rd ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon
  • Borders, L. D. & Brown, L. L. (2006). The New Handbook of Counseling Supervision. CRC Press.
  • Brown, D., & Trusty, J. (2005). School counselors, comprehensive school counseling programs, and academic achievement: Are school counselors promising more than they can deliver?, Professional School Counseling, 9(1), 1-8.
  • Carey, J. C., Dimmit, C., Hatch, T., Lapan, R. T., & Whiston, S. C. (2008). Report of the national panel for evidenced-based school counseling: Outcome research coding protocol and evaluation of student success skills and second step. Professional School Counseling, 11(3), 197-206.
  • Carr, E. S. (2003). Rethinking empowerment theory using a feminist lens: The importance of process. Affilia, 18(1), 8-20.
  • Carkhuff, R. (2011). The Art of Helping, (9th Edition). HPD Press.
  • Cormier, W. H. & Cormier, L. S. (1991). Interviewing Strategies for Helpers (3. Ed.). Pacific Grove, California: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
  • Cormier, S., Nurius, P. S. & Osborn, C. J. (2009). Interviewing and Change Strategies for Helpers. (6. Ed.). USA: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2011). Mixed Methods Research: Designing and Conducting. Los Angeles: SAGE.
  • Çakır, S. G., & Bugay Sökmez, A. (2017). Pychometric properties of empowerment scale. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(57), 40-53.
  • Doğan, S. (2000). The need for accreditation in counselor education: A recommended model. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 2(14), 31-38.
  • Esen-Çoban, A. (2005). Psikolojik danışmanlar için meslektaş dayanışması. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(1), 167-174.
  • Feldstein, S. B. (2000). The relationship between supervision and burnout in school counselors (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Duquesne University, Pittsburg, PA.
  • Field, A. (2005). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS (2nd ed.). Los Angeles: Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Hatch, T. A. (2008). Professional challenges in school counseling: Organizational, institutional and political. Journal of School Counseling, 6(22), 1-31.
  • Hill, C. E., Stahl, J. & Roffman, M. (2007). Training novice psychotherapists: Helping skills and beyond. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 44(4), 364.
  • Hipolito-Delgado, C. P., & Lee, C. C. (2007). Empowerment theory for the professional school counselor: A manifesto for what really matters. Professional School Counseling, 10(4), 327-332.
  • Hsieh, H. F.& Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277-1288.
  • Ivey, A. E. & Ivey, M. B. (2003). Intentional Interviewing and Counseling: Facilitating Client Development in a Multicultural Society. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/ Cole- Thomson Learning.
  • İkiz, F. E., & Totan, T. (2014). A scale developing to assess effective counselor characteristics. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 5(42), 269-279.
  • İlhan, T., Korkut-Owen, F., Furr, S. ve Parikh, S. (2012). International counseling students in Turkey and their training experiences. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 34(1), 55-71.
  • Kemer, G. & Aladağ, M. (2013). Counseling practicum and supervision in counselor education: A national survey. In World Congress of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Lee, C. C. (1991). Empowering young black males. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED341887.pdf
  • Lyddon Jr, W. J. (1995). Cognitive therapy and theories of knowing: A social constructionist view. Journal of Counseling & Development, 73(6), 579-585.
  • McWhirter, E. H., (1991), Empowerment in counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 69, 222-227.
  • McWhirter, E. H. (1994). Counseling for Empowerment. American Counseling Association.
  • McWhirter, E. H. (1998). An empowerment model of counsellor education. Canadian Journal of Counselling, 32(1), 12-26.
  • Orlinsky, D., Rønnestad, M. H., Ambühl, H., Willutzki, U., Botersman, J. F., Cierpka, M., ... & Davis, M. (1999). Psychotherapists' assessments of their development at different career levels. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 36(3), 203.
  • Özyürek, R. (2009). The supervision opportunities for practicum students of school counseling provided to trainees in Turkish universities: A national surve. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(32), 54-63.
  • Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research. 42(5), 533-544.
  • Perkins, D. D. & Zimmerman, M. A. (1995). Empowerment theory, research, and application. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23(5), 569-579.
  • Perusse, R., Goodnough, G. E., Donegan, J. & Jones, C. (2004). Perceptions of school counselors and school principals about the national standards for school counseling programs and the transforming school counseling initiative. Professional School Counseling, 7(3), 152-161.
  • Rogers, E. S., Ralph, R. O. & Salzer, M. (2010). Validating the empowerment scale with a multisite sample of consumers of mental health services. Psychiatric Services. 61, 933-936. Stockton, R., & Güneri, O. Y. (2011). Counseling in Turkey: An evolving field. Journal of Counseling & Development, 89(1), 98-104.
  • Taherdoost, H. (2016). Sampling methods in research methodology; How to choose a sampling technique for research. International Journal of Academic Research in Management, 5(2), 18-27.
  • Yeşilyaprak, B. (2009). The development of the field of psychological counseling and guidance in Turkey: Recent advances and future prospects. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 42(1), 193–213.
  • YÖK, (2007). Öğretmen yetiştirme ve eğitim fakülteleri [Teacher education and education faculties]. https://www.yok.gov.tr/Documents/Yayinlar/Yayinlarimiz/ogretmen-yetistirme-ve-egitim-fakulteleri.pdf
  • Whiston, S. C., & Sexton, T. L. (1998). A review of school counseling outcome research: Implications for practice. Journal of Counseling & Development, 76(4), 412-426.
  • Worthington Jr, E. L. (2006). Changes in supervision as counselors and supervisors gain experience: A review. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 2, 133–160.

Mixed Method Research on Effective Psychological Counselor Characteristics and Empowerment Needs of Turkish School Counselors

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 1 - 21, 01.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.17275/per.22.1.9.1

Abstract

The study aims to examine the characteristics and empowerment needs of effective psychological counselors with the opinions of school counselors. Explanatory sequential design which is one of the mixed methods was used in the study. In the quantitative part of the study, the data was collected from 194 females, 100 males, in total 294 school counselors with simple random sampling method; in the qualitative part from 9 school counselors through criterion sampling. As the quantitative data collection tools, Effective Counselor Characteristics Assessment Scale and Empowerment Scale; as qualitative data collection tool, semi-structured interview form were used. For data analysis, multiple regression analysis and content analysis were used. According to the results, self-awareness, good intentions, flexibility sub-scales of effective psychological counseling characteristics and therapy training variable from demographic form were determined as significant predictors (58.7%). In the qualitative part of the study, two main themes (Empowerment Needs and Psychological Counselor Characteristics) and four sub-categories for each theme (Non progressive to Develop, Differences in Job Description and Perception, Negative Personality Traits, Lack of Knowledge and Skill, Illusions in Psychological Counselor Perception, Non-professional Good Intentions, Low Self-awareness, Lack of Skill and Specialization) were determined. The obtained findings were discussed in the context of empowerment needs and supervision training of psychological counselors in Turkey, and suggestions were offered accordingly

References

  • Aldemir, A., & İlhan, T. (2018). A study on the professional perceptions of school counselors. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 8(51), 53-80.
  • Andrews, D., Nonnecke, B.& Preece, J. (2003) Electronic survey methodology: A case study in reaching hard to involve Internet Users. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction. 16(2), 185-210.
  • ASCA, (2016). ASCA ethical standards for school counselors. https://www.schoolcounselor.org/asca/media/asca/Ethics/EthicalStandards2016.pdf
  • Bernard. J. M. & Goodyear. R. K. (2004). Fundamentals of Clinical Supervision (3rd ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon
  • Borders, L. D. & Brown, L. L. (2006). The New Handbook of Counseling Supervision. CRC Press.
  • Brown, D., & Trusty, J. (2005). School counselors, comprehensive school counseling programs, and academic achievement: Are school counselors promising more than they can deliver?, Professional School Counseling, 9(1), 1-8.
  • Carey, J. C., Dimmit, C., Hatch, T., Lapan, R. T., & Whiston, S. C. (2008). Report of the national panel for evidenced-based school counseling: Outcome research coding protocol and evaluation of student success skills and second step. Professional School Counseling, 11(3), 197-206.
  • Carr, E. S. (2003). Rethinking empowerment theory using a feminist lens: The importance of process. Affilia, 18(1), 8-20.
  • Carkhuff, R. (2011). The Art of Helping, (9th Edition). HPD Press.
  • Cormier, W. H. & Cormier, L. S. (1991). Interviewing Strategies for Helpers (3. Ed.). Pacific Grove, California: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
  • Cormier, S., Nurius, P. S. & Osborn, C. J. (2009). Interviewing and Change Strategies for Helpers. (6. Ed.). USA: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2011). Mixed Methods Research: Designing and Conducting. Los Angeles: SAGE.
  • Çakır, S. G., & Bugay Sökmez, A. (2017). Pychometric properties of empowerment scale. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(57), 40-53.
  • Doğan, S. (2000). The need for accreditation in counselor education: A recommended model. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 2(14), 31-38.
  • Esen-Çoban, A. (2005). Psikolojik danışmanlar için meslektaş dayanışması. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(1), 167-174.
  • Feldstein, S. B. (2000). The relationship between supervision and burnout in school counselors (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Duquesne University, Pittsburg, PA.
  • Field, A. (2005). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS (2nd ed.). Los Angeles: Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Hatch, T. A. (2008). Professional challenges in school counseling: Organizational, institutional and political. Journal of School Counseling, 6(22), 1-31.
  • Hill, C. E., Stahl, J. & Roffman, M. (2007). Training novice psychotherapists: Helping skills and beyond. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 44(4), 364.
  • Hipolito-Delgado, C. P., & Lee, C. C. (2007). Empowerment theory for the professional school counselor: A manifesto for what really matters. Professional School Counseling, 10(4), 327-332.
  • Hsieh, H. F.& Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277-1288.
  • Ivey, A. E. & Ivey, M. B. (2003). Intentional Interviewing and Counseling: Facilitating Client Development in a Multicultural Society. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/ Cole- Thomson Learning.
  • İkiz, F. E., & Totan, T. (2014). A scale developing to assess effective counselor characteristics. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 5(42), 269-279.
  • İlhan, T., Korkut-Owen, F., Furr, S. ve Parikh, S. (2012). International counseling students in Turkey and their training experiences. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 34(1), 55-71.
  • Kemer, G. & Aladağ, M. (2013). Counseling practicum and supervision in counselor education: A national survey. In World Congress of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Lee, C. C. (1991). Empowering young black males. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED341887.pdf
  • Lyddon Jr, W. J. (1995). Cognitive therapy and theories of knowing: A social constructionist view. Journal of Counseling & Development, 73(6), 579-585.
  • McWhirter, E. H., (1991), Empowerment in counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 69, 222-227.
  • McWhirter, E. H. (1994). Counseling for Empowerment. American Counseling Association.
  • McWhirter, E. H. (1998). An empowerment model of counsellor education. Canadian Journal of Counselling, 32(1), 12-26.
  • Orlinsky, D., Rønnestad, M. H., Ambühl, H., Willutzki, U., Botersman, J. F., Cierpka, M., ... & Davis, M. (1999). Psychotherapists' assessments of their development at different career levels. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 36(3), 203.
  • Özyürek, R. (2009). The supervision opportunities for practicum students of school counseling provided to trainees in Turkish universities: A national surve. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(32), 54-63.
  • Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research. 42(5), 533-544.
  • Perkins, D. D. & Zimmerman, M. A. (1995). Empowerment theory, research, and application. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23(5), 569-579.
  • Perusse, R., Goodnough, G. E., Donegan, J. & Jones, C. (2004). Perceptions of school counselors and school principals about the national standards for school counseling programs and the transforming school counseling initiative. Professional School Counseling, 7(3), 152-161.
  • Rogers, E. S., Ralph, R. O. & Salzer, M. (2010). Validating the empowerment scale with a multisite sample of consumers of mental health services. Psychiatric Services. 61, 933-936. Stockton, R., & Güneri, O. Y. (2011). Counseling in Turkey: An evolving field. Journal of Counseling & Development, 89(1), 98-104.
  • Taherdoost, H. (2016). Sampling methods in research methodology; How to choose a sampling technique for research. International Journal of Academic Research in Management, 5(2), 18-27.
  • Yeşilyaprak, B. (2009). The development of the field of psychological counseling and guidance in Turkey: Recent advances and future prospects. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 42(1), 193–213.
  • YÖK, (2007). Öğretmen yetiştirme ve eğitim fakülteleri [Teacher education and education faculties]. https://www.yok.gov.tr/Documents/Yayinlar/Yayinlarimiz/ogretmen-yetistirme-ve-egitim-fakulteleri.pdf
  • Whiston, S. C., & Sexton, T. L. (1998). A review of school counseling outcome research: Implications for practice. Journal of Counseling & Development, 76(4), 412-426.
  • Worthington Jr, E. L. (2006). Changes in supervision as counselors and supervisors gain experience: A review. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 2, 133–160.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Şule Baştemur 0000-0003-3940-0565

Semra Uçar 0000-0002-4395-9081

Publication Date January 1, 2022
Acceptance Date May 22, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Baştemur, Ş., & Uçar, S. (2022). Mixed Method Research on Effective Psychological Counselor Characteristics and Empowerment Needs of Turkish School Counselors. Participatory Educational Research, 9(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.22.1.9.1