Research Article
Year 2023,
Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 244 - 249, 24.10.2023
Abstract
Amaç: Obezite fazla kilolu olma olarak tanımlanan çok faktörlü bir hastalıktır. Önceki çalışmalar ailesel, çevresel ve genetik faktörlerin okul öncesi dönemde vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) ve obezitenin etkili belirleyicileri olarak bulunmuştur. Özellikle okul öncesi yıllarda kazanılan alışkanlıkların VKİ ve obezite üzerinde etkisi olduğu vurgulanmıştır. Bu nüfusa dayalı vaka kontrol çalışmasında, Türkiye’de yaşayan yaşları 2-6 arasında değişen okul öncesi çocuklarda yağ kütlesi ve obezite ile ilişkili (FTO) gen ekspresyonu ile VKİ ve obezite arasındaki ilişkinin ilk defa açığa çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: İstanbul, Türkiye’de yaşayan 3 adet anaokuluna kayıtlı, yaşları 2-6 arasında olan toplam 54 okul öncesi çocuktan bukkal mukoza sürüntüleri toplandı. Çalışmada, uluslararası VKİ indeksine göre obez olan (n=14), obez olmayan (n=40) toplam 54 (n=25 kız ve n=29 erkek) çocukta FTO gen ekspresyon düzeyi ’Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction’ (qPCR) tekniği kullanılarak incelendi.
Bulgular: Obez olan ve olmayan çocukların FTO gen ekspresyonu ve obezite arasında anlamlı ilişki 2−ΔΔCT formülü ile Mann-Whitney U testi kullanılarak bulundu (p=0.005).
Sonuç: Okul öncesi çağında olan çocuklarda FTO geninin işlevini daha iyi anlamak için daha fazla bireyle gen dizileme analizi araştırmalarına ihtiyaç olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
TÜBİTAK
Project Number
119K359
Thanks
TÜBİTAK
References
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Year 2023,
Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 244 - 249, 24.10.2023
Abstract
Objective: Obesity is a complex disease defined as being overweight. Previous studies have highlighted familial, environmental, and genetic factors as effective predictors of high body mass index (BMI) and obesity in the preschool period. These studies particularly emphasized that habits acquired in the preschool years affect BMI and obesity. In this populationbased case-control study, it was aimed to reveal for the first time the relationship between fat mass and obesity-related (FTO) gene expression and BMI and obesity in preschool children aged 2-6 living in Turkey.
Materials and Methods: Buccal mucosal swabs were collected from 54 preschool children from 3 kindergartens located in Istanbul, Turkey. In the study, the FTO gene expression level in a total of 54 (n=25 girls and n=29 boys) children who were obese (n=14) and non-obese (n=40) according to the International BMI index was determined by the ‘Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction’ (qPCR) technique.
Result: A correlation was found between FTO gene expression and BMI and obesity in obese and non-obese children with a Mann-Whitney U test (p=0.005).
Conclusion: Additional research is needed to better understand the function and prevalence of the FTO gene mutations by performing sequencing analysis of the gene simultaneously in preschool children in Turkey.
Keywords
Project Number
119K359
References
- 1. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011-2012. JAMA 2014;311(8):806-14. google scholar
- 2. McNally S, Scarlett McNally. Obesity is a community issue, not just an individual one. BMJ 2023;380:702. google scholar
- 3. Kumar S, Kelly AS. Review of Childhood Obesity: From Epidemiology, Etiology, and Comorbidities to Clinical Assessment and Treatment. Mayo Clin Proc 2017;92(2):251-65. google scholar
- 4. Sahoo K, et al. Childhood obesity: causes and consequences. J Family Med Prim Care 2015. 4(2):187-92. google scholar
- 5. Berkowitz RI, Daniels S. Now is the time to improve access and healthcare systems for childhood obesity treatment. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017;25(1):13-4. google scholar
- 6. Wardle J, Carnell S, Haworth CM, Plomin R. Evidence for a strong genetic influence on childhood adiposity despite the force of the obesogenic environment. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87(2):398-404. google scholar
- 7. Bradfield JP, et al. A trans-ancestral meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies reveals loci associated with childhood obesity. Hum Mol Genet 2019;28(19):3327-38. google scholar
- 8. Frayling TM, Timpson NJ, Weedon MN, Zeggini E, Freathy RM, Lindgrenet CM, et al. A common variant in the FTO gene is associated with body mass index and predisposes to childhood and adult obesity. Science 2007;316(5826):889-94. google scholar
- 9. Haworth CM, Carnell S, Meaburn EL, Davis OSP, Plomin R, Wardle J. Increasing heritability of BMI and stronger associations with the FTO gene over childhood. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008;16(12):2663-8. google scholar
- 10. Wang J, Mei H, Chen W, Jiang Y, Sun W, Li F, et al. Study of eight GWAS-identified common variants for association with obesity-related indices in Chinese children at puberty. Int J Obes (Lond) 2012;36(4):542-7. google scholar
- 11. Lopez-Bermejo A, Petry CJ, D^az M, Sebastiani G, Zegher Fde, Dunger DB, et al. The association between the FTO gene and fat mass in humans develops by the postnatal age of two weeks. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93(4):1501-5. google scholar
- 12. Hakanen M, Raitakari OT, LehtimakiT, Peltonen N, Pahkala K, Sillanmaki L, et al. FTO genotype is associated with body mass index after the age of seven years but not with energy intake or leisure-time physical activity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009;94(4):1281-7. google scholar
- 13. Rutters F, Nieuwenhuizen AG, Bouwman F, Mariman E, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Associations between a single nucleotide polymorphism of the FTO Gene (rs9939609) and obesity-related characteristics over time during puberty in a Dutch children cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96(6):E939-42. google scholar
- 14. Akinci A, Kara A, Ozgur A, Aksu S. Genomic analysis to screen potential genes and mutations in children with non-syndromic early onset severe obesity: a multicentre study in Turkey. Mol Biol Rep 2022;49(3):1883-93. google scholar
- 15. Agagunduz D, Gezmen-Karadag M. Association of FTO common variant (rs9939609) with body fat in Turkish individuals. Lipids Health Dis 2019;18(1):212. google scholar
- 16. Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ 2000;320(7244):1240-3. google scholar
- 17. Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods 2001;25(4):402-8. google scholar
- 18. Hardy R, Wills AK, Wong A, Elks CE, Wareham NJ, Loos RJF, et al. Life course variations in the associations between FTO and MC4R gene variants and body size. Hum Mol Genet 2010;19(3):545-52. google scholar
- 19. Villalobos-Comparan M, Flores-Dorantes MT, Villarreal-Molina MT, Rodnguez-Cruz M, Garcıa-Ulloa AC, Robles L, et al. The FTO gene is associated with adulthood obesity in the Mexican population. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008;16(10):2296-301. google scholar
- 20. Church C, Moir L, McMurray F, Girard C, Banks GT, Teboul L, Wells S, et al. Overexpression of Fto leads to increased food intake and results in obesity. Nat Genet 2010;42(12):1086-92. google scholar
- 21. Kloting N, Schleinitz D, Ruschke K, Berndt J, Fasshauer M, Tönjes A, Schön MR, et al. Inverse relationship between obesity and FTO gene expression in visceral adipose tissue in humans. Diabetologia 2008;51(4):641-7. google scholar
- 22. Landgraf K, Scholz M, Kovacs P, Kiess W, Körner A. FTO Obesity Risk Variants Are Linked to Adipocyte IRX3 Expression and BMI of Children - Relevance of FTO Variants to Defend Body Weight in Lean Children? PLoS One 2016;11(8): e0161739. google scholar
- 23. Bouchard C, Despres JP, Mauriege P. Genetic and nongenetic determinants of regional fat distribution. Endocr Rev 1993;14(1):72-93. google scholar
- 24. Finch BK, Phuong Do D, Heron M, Bird C, Seeman T, Lurie N, et al. Neighborhood effects on health: Concentrated advantage and disadvantage. Health Place 2010;16(5):1058-60. google scholar
- 25. Singh GK, Siahpush M, Kogan MD. Rising social inequalities in US childhood obesity, 2003-2007. Ann Epidemiol 2010;20(1): 40-52. google scholar
- 26. Hansen AR, Duncan DT, Tarasenko YN, Yan F, Zhang J. Generational shift in parental perceptions of overweight among school-aged children. Pediatrics 2014;134(3):481-8. google scholar
- 27. Powell LM, Slater S, Mirtcheva D, Bao Y, Chaloupka FJ. Food store availability and neighborhood characteristics in the United States. Prev Med 2007;44(3):189-95. google scholar
- 28. Kelly T, Yang W, Chen C-S, Reynolds K, He J. Global burden of obesity in 2005 and projections to 2030. Int J Obes (Lond) 2008;32(9):1431-7. google scholar
There are 28 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Clinical Sciences (Other) |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | 119K359 |
| Publication Date | October 24, 2023 |
| Submission Date | March 22, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 3 |
