PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLAMLIĞIN GELİŞİMİNDE ARACI BİR DEĞİŞKEN OLARAK ÖZ ANLAYIŞ

Aylin Arıcı; Doç. Dr. Taner Artan

Review

PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLAMLIĞIN GELİŞİMİNDE ARACI BİR DEĞİŞKEN OLARAK ÖZ ANLAYIŞ

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 131 - 142, 29.12.2022

Aylin Arıcı Doç. Dr. Taner Artan

Abstract

Psikolojik sağlamlık (resilience), travmaya bağlı psikolojik bozuklukların gelişimine karşı koruyucu bir faktördür. Olumsuz durumlar karşısında yaşamsal görevlere uyum sağlama becerisi olarak tanımlanabilen kavram, işlevselliği gözlemleyen araştırmaların artışıyla ilgi görmeye başlamıştır. Son yıllardaki araştırmalar, psikolojik sağlamlığın gelişimindeki risk faktörlerine ve koruyucu faktörlere odaklanmışlardır. Risk faktörleri, bireylerin olumsuz yaşam deneyimleri ile karşılaşma ihtimalini attıran faktörlerdir. Koruyucu faktörler ise; riskin ya da zorluğun etkisini yumuşatan, azaltan ya da ortadan kaldıran, bireylerin sağlıklı uyumunu sağlayan, yetkinliklerini geliştirmesine imkân tanıyan durumları ifade etmektedir. Öz anlayış da, bireyin ruh sağlığını olumlu yönde etkileyen koruyucu faktörlerden biridir. Öz anlayış, kişinin kendi acılarına açık olmasını, kendi ıstırabını hafifletme ve kendini şefkatle iyileştirme arzusu üretmesini içermektedir. Bu araştırmada, psikolojik sağlamlığın tanımı yapılmış ve psikolojik sağlamlığın gelişiminde aracı bir değişken olarak öz anlayışın yeri ve önemi araştırılmıştır.

Keywords

Psikolojik sağlamlık, öz anlayış, ruh sağlığı, koruyucu faktörler

Supporting Institution

yok

Project Number

yok

References

Akar, A. (2018). Psikolojik Sağlamlık Programının Ergenlerin Psikolojik Sağlamlık Düzeyine Etkisi, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Maltepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
Barad, J. A. (2007). The Understanding and Experience of Compassion: Aquinas and The Dalai Lama. Buddhist-Christian Studies, 27(1), 11-29.
Bas-Sarmiento, P., Saucedo-Moreno, M. J., Fernández-Gutiérrez, M., & Pozaméndez, M. (2017). Mental Health in İmmigrants Versus Native Population: A Systematic Review of The Literature. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 31(1), 111-121.
Benard, B. (1991). Fostering Resiliency in Kids: Protective Factors in The Family, School, and Community. Portland or: Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory.
Bozdağ, F. (2020). Mülteci Çocukların Psikolojik Sağlamlıklar ve Kültürlenme Stratejileri, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eğitim Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı, Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Programı, (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Ankara.
Bradley, R. H., Whiteside, L. Munford, D. J., Casey, P. H., Kelleher, K. J. ve Pope, S. K. (1994). Early İndications of Resilience and Their Relation To Experiences in The Home Environments of Low Birthweight, Premature Children Living in Poverty. Child Development, 65(2), 346-360.
Brown, B. (1999). Soul Without Shame: A Guide To Liberating Yourself From The Judge Within. Boston: Shambala.
Buckner, J. C., Mezzacappa, E. ve Beardslee, W. R. (2003). Characteristics of The Resilient Youths Living in Poverty: The Role of Self-Regulatory Processes. Development and Psychopathology, 15, 139-162.
Cappella, E. ve Rhona, W. (2001). Turning Around Reading Achievement Predictors of High School Student’s Academic Resilience. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(4), 758-771.
Chen, J. ve George, R. A. (2005). Cultivating Resilience in Children From Divorced Families. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy For Couples and Families, 13(4), 452-455.
Cowen, E. L., Work, W. C., Wyman, E. A., Parker, G. R., Wannon, M. ve Gribble, E. (1992). Test Comparisons Among Stress-Efffected, Stress-Resilient, and Nonclassified Fourth-Through Sixth-Grade Urban Children. Journal of Community Psychology, 20, 200- 214.
Criss, M. M., Pettit, G. S., Bates, J. E., Dodge, K. A. ve Lapp, A. L. (2002). Family Adversity, Positive Peer Relationship, and Children’s Externalizing Behavior: A Longitudinal Perspective on Risk and Resilience. Child Development, 73, 1220-1237.
Çetinkaya, S. (2020). Bipolar Bozukluğu Olan Hastalarda İçselleştirilmiş Damgalanma, Öz-Şefkat ve Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Arel Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Klinik Psikoloji Bilim Dalı, İstanbul.
Dearden, J. (2004). Resilience: A Study of Risk and Protective Factors From The Perspective Of Young People With Experience of Local Authority Care. Support For Learning, 19(4), 187-193.
Derluyn, I. ve Broekaert, E. (2007). Different Perspectives on Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Unaccompanied Refugee Children and Adolescents. Ethnicity & Health, 12(2), 141–162.
Enright, R. D., Freedman, S. ve Rique, J. (1998). The Psychology of İnterpersonal Forgiveness. In R. D. Enright & J. North (Eds.), Exploring Forgiveness, (Pp. 46–62). Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
Erkoç, B. ve Lotfi, S. (2021). Sosyal Hizmet Öğrencilerinin Psikolojik Sağlamlık Düzeylerinin Etik İkilem Karşısında Tutumlarına Etkisinin Tespit Edilmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi, 11 (2) , 411-416 .
Flores, E., Rogosch; F. A. ve Cicchetti, D. (2004). Predictiors of Resilience İnmaltreated and Nonmaltreated Latino Children. Developmental Psychology, 41(2), 338-351.
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The Role of Positive Emotions in Positive Psychology. American Psychologist, 56, 218–226.
Furnham, A. ve Shiekh, S. (1993). Gender, Generational and Social Support Correlates of Mental Health in Asian Immigrants. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 39(1), 22–33.
Garmezy, N. (1991). Resiliency and Vulnerability To Adverse Developmental Outcomes Associated With Poverty. American Behavioral Scientist, 34, 416- 430.
Germer, C. (2009). The Mindful Path To Self-Compassion:Freeing Yourself From Destructive Thoughts and Emotions. Guilford Press.
Gilligan, R. (2000). Adversity, Resilience and Young People: The Protective Value of Positive School and Spare Time Experiences. Child And Society, 14(1), 37-47.
Gizir, C. A. (2007). Psikolojik Sağlamlık, Risk Faktörleri ve Koruyucu Faktörler Üzerine Bir Derleme Çalışması. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 28; 113-128.
Goodman, J. H. (2004). Coping With Trauma and Hardship Among Unaccompanied Refugee Youths From Sudan, Qualitative Health Research, 14(9), 1177- 1196.
Greeff, A. P. ve Ritman, I. N. (2005). Individual Characteristics Associated With Resilience in Single-Parent Families. Psychological Reports, 96(1), 36-42.
Grizenko, N. ve Pawliuk, N. (1994). Risk and Protective Factors For Disruptive Behavior Disorders in Children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 64, 534-544.
Horney, K. (1950). Neurosis and Human Growth: The Struggle Toward Self-Realization. New York: Norton.
Hunter, A.J., Chandler, G.E. (1999) Adolescent Resilience. Image. Journal of Nursing Scholarship (Third Quarter), 31, 243-247.
Kandel, E., Mednick, S. A., Kirkegaardsorensen, L., Hutchings, B., Knop, J., Rosenberg, R. ve Schulsinger, F. (1988). IQ As A Protective Factor For Subjects At High Risk For Antisocial Behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 224-226.
Kirkpatrick, K. L. (2005). Enhancing Self-Compassion Using A Gestalt Two-Chair İntervention, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University Of Texas At Austin.
Kumpfer, K. L. (1999). Factors and Processes Contributing To Resilience: The Resilience Framework. (Ed: M. D. Glantz Ve J. L. Johnson) Resilience and Development: Positive Life Adaptations. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
Kumpfer, K. L. ve Barye, B. (2004). Parent/Child Transactional Processes Predictive of Resilience or Vulnerability To ‘Substance Abuse Disorders. Substance Use and Misuse, 39, 671-698.
Lansford, J. E., Patrick, S. M., Kristopher, I. S., Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E. ve Pettit, G. S. (2006). Developmental Trajectories of Externalizing Behaviors: Factors Underlying Resilience in Physically Abused Children. Development and Psychopathology, 18, 35-55.
Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Emotion and Adaptation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lazarus, R. S. ve Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York: Springer Publishing. Company.
Lin, K. K., Sandler, I. N., Ayers, T. S., Wolchik, S. A. ve Luecken, L. J. (2004). Resilience in Parentally Bereaved Children and Adolescents Seeking Preventive Services. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33(4), 673-683.
Luthar, S. (1991).Vulnerability and Resilience: A Study of High-Risk Adolescents. Child Development, 62, 600-616.
Luthar, S., Cicchetti, D. ve Becker, B. (2000). The Construct of Resilience: A Critical Evaluation and Guidelines For Future Work. Child Development, 71(3), 543-562.
Mandleco, B. L. ve Peery, J. C. (2000). An Organizational Framework For Conceptualizing Resilience in Children. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 13(3), 99-111.
Martinek, T. J. ve Hellison, D. R. (1997). Fostering Resiliency in Underserved Youth Through Physical Activity. Quest, 49, 34-49
Masten, A. S. (1986). Humor and Competence in School-Aged Children. Child Development, 57, 461- 473.
Masten, A. S., Garmezy, N., Tellegen, A., Pellegrini, D. S., Larkin, K. ve Larsen, A. (1988). Competence and Stress in School Children: The Moderating Effects of İndividual and Family Qualities. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 29, 745- 764.
Masten, A.S., Best, K. M. ve Garmezy, N. (1990). Resilience and Development: Contributions From The Study of Children Who Overcome Adversity. Development and Psychopathology, 2, 425-444.
Masten, A. S. ve Coastworth, J. D. (1998). The Development of Competence in Favorable and Unfavorable Environments: Lessons From Research on Successful Children. American Psychologist, 53(2), 205- 220.
Masten, A. S., Hubbard, J. J., Gest, S. D., Tellegen, A., Garmezy, N. ve Ramirez, M. (1999). Competence in The Context of Adversity: Pathways To Resilience and Maladaptation From Childhood To Late Adolescence, Development and Psychopathology, 11, 143-169.
McCubbin, M., Balling, K., Possin, P., Frierdich, S. ve Bryne, B. (2002). Family Resiliency in Childhood Cancer. Family Relations, 51, 103-111.
Miller, D. T. (1999). The Norm of Self-İnterest. American Psychologist, 54, 1053–1060.
Neff, K. (2003a). Self-Compassion : An Alternative Conceptualization of A Healthy Attitude Toward Oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85–101.
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Self-compassion as a mediating variable on the development of resilience

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 131 - 142, 29.12.2022

Aylin Arıcı Doç. Dr. Taner Artan

Abstract

Psychological resilience is a protective factor against the development of trauma-related psychological disorders. The concept, which can be defined as the ability to adapt to vital tasks in the face of negative situations, has started to attract attention with the increase in studies that observe functionality. Studies show that psychological resilience is affected by many internal and external variables. For this reason, researchers have focused more on risk factors and protective factors that affect psychological resilience in recent years. Risk factors are factors that increase the probability of individuals to encounter negative life experiences. The protective factors are; It refers to situations that soften, reduce or eliminate the effect of risk or difficulty, enable individuals to adapt healthily, and enable them to develop their competencies. Self-compassion is one of the protective factors that positively affects the mental health of the individual. Self-compassion involves being open to one's own pain, generating a desire to alleviate one's suffering and to heal oneself with compassion. Studies have shown that self-conscious individuals are less in pain, self-reproaching, feeling excluded, and identifying with thoughts and feelings. In this study, the definition of resilience was made and the place and importance of self-compassion as a mediating variable in the development of resilience was examined.

Project Number

yok

References

Akar, A. (2018). Psikolojik Sağlamlık Programının Ergenlerin Psikolojik Sağlamlık Düzeyine Etkisi, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Maltepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
Barad, J. A. (2007). The Understanding and Experience of Compassion: Aquinas and The Dalai Lama. Buddhist-Christian Studies, 27(1), 11-29.
Bas-Sarmiento, P., Saucedo-Moreno, M. J., Fernández-Gutiérrez, M., & Pozaméndez, M. (2017). Mental Health in İmmigrants Versus Native Population: A Systematic Review of The Literature. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 31(1), 111-121.
Benard, B. (1991). Fostering Resiliency in Kids: Protective Factors in The Family, School, and Community. Portland or: Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory.
Bozdağ, F. (2020). Mülteci Çocukların Psikolojik Sağlamlıklar ve Kültürlenme Stratejileri, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eğitim Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı, Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Programı, (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Ankara.
Bradley, R. H., Whiteside, L. Munford, D. J., Casey, P. H., Kelleher, K. J. ve Pope, S. K. (1994). Early İndications of Resilience and Their Relation To Experiences in The Home Environments of Low Birthweight, Premature Children Living in Poverty. Child Development, 65(2), 346-360.
Brown, B. (1999). Soul Without Shame: A Guide To Liberating Yourself From The Judge Within. Boston: Shambala.
Buckner, J. C., Mezzacappa, E. ve Beardslee, W. R. (2003). Characteristics of The Resilient Youths Living in Poverty: The Role of Self-Regulatory Processes. Development and Psychopathology, 15, 139-162.
Cappella, E. ve Rhona, W. (2001). Turning Around Reading Achievement Predictors of High School Student’s Academic Resilience. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(4), 758-771.
Chen, J. ve George, R. A. (2005). Cultivating Resilience in Children From Divorced Families. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy For Couples and Families, 13(4), 452-455.
Cowen, E. L., Work, W. C., Wyman, E. A., Parker, G. R., Wannon, M. ve Gribble, E. (1992). Test Comparisons Among Stress-Efffected, Stress-Resilient, and Nonclassified Fourth-Through Sixth-Grade Urban Children. Journal of Community Psychology, 20, 200- 214.
Criss, M. M., Pettit, G. S., Bates, J. E., Dodge, K. A. ve Lapp, A. L. (2002). Family Adversity, Positive Peer Relationship, and Children’s Externalizing Behavior: A Longitudinal Perspective on Risk and Resilience. Child Development, 73, 1220-1237.
Çetinkaya, S. (2020). Bipolar Bozukluğu Olan Hastalarda İçselleştirilmiş Damgalanma, Öz-Şefkat ve Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Arel Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Klinik Psikoloji Bilim Dalı, İstanbul.
Dearden, J. (2004). Resilience: A Study of Risk and Protective Factors From The Perspective Of Young People With Experience of Local Authority Care. Support For Learning, 19(4), 187-193.
Derluyn, I. ve Broekaert, E. (2007). Different Perspectives on Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Unaccompanied Refugee Children and Adolescents. Ethnicity & Health, 12(2), 141–162.
Enright, R. D., Freedman, S. ve Rique, J. (1998). The Psychology of İnterpersonal Forgiveness. In R. D. Enright & J. North (Eds.), Exploring Forgiveness, (Pp. 46–62). Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
Erkoç, B. ve Lotfi, S. (2021). Sosyal Hizmet Öğrencilerinin Psikolojik Sağlamlık Düzeylerinin Etik İkilem Karşısında Tutumlarına Etkisinin Tespit Edilmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi, 11 (2) , 411-416 .
Flores, E., Rogosch; F. A. ve Cicchetti, D. (2004). Predictiors of Resilience İnmaltreated and Nonmaltreated Latino Children. Developmental Psychology, 41(2), 338-351.
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The Role of Positive Emotions in Positive Psychology. American Psychologist, 56, 218–226.
Furnham, A. ve Shiekh, S. (1993). Gender, Generational and Social Support Correlates of Mental Health in Asian Immigrants. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 39(1), 22–33.
Garmezy, N. (1991). Resiliency and Vulnerability To Adverse Developmental Outcomes Associated With Poverty. American Behavioral Scientist, 34, 416- 430.
Germer, C. (2009). The Mindful Path To Self-Compassion:Freeing Yourself From Destructive Thoughts and Emotions. Guilford Press.
Gilligan, R. (2000). Adversity, Resilience and Young People: The Protective Value of Positive School and Spare Time Experiences. Child And Society, 14(1), 37-47.
Gizir, C. A. (2007). Psikolojik Sağlamlık, Risk Faktörleri ve Koruyucu Faktörler Üzerine Bir Derleme Çalışması. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 28; 113-128.
Goodman, J. H. (2004). Coping With Trauma and Hardship Among Unaccompanied Refugee Youths From Sudan, Qualitative Health Research, 14(9), 1177- 1196.
Greeff, A. P. ve Ritman, I. N. (2005). Individual Characteristics Associated With Resilience in Single-Parent Families. Psychological Reports, 96(1), 36-42.
Grizenko, N. ve Pawliuk, N. (1994). Risk and Protective Factors For Disruptive Behavior Disorders in Children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 64, 534-544.
Horney, K. (1950). Neurosis and Human Growth: The Struggle Toward Self-Realization. New York: Norton.
Hunter, A.J., Chandler, G.E. (1999) Adolescent Resilience. Image. Journal of Nursing Scholarship (Third Quarter), 31, 243-247.
Kandel, E., Mednick, S. A., Kirkegaardsorensen, L., Hutchings, B., Knop, J., Rosenberg, R. ve Schulsinger, F. (1988). IQ As A Protective Factor For Subjects At High Risk For Antisocial Behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 224-226.
Kirkpatrick, K. L. (2005). Enhancing Self-Compassion Using A Gestalt Two-Chair İntervention, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University Of Texas At Austin.
Kumpfer, K. L. (1999). Factors and Processes Contributing To Resilience: The Resilience Framework. (Ed: M. D. Glantz Ve J. L. Johnson) Resilience and Development: Positive Life Adaptations. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
Kumpfer, K. L. ve Barye, B. (2004). Parent/Child Transactional Processes Predictive of Resilience or Vulnerability To ‘Substance Abuse Disorders. Substance Use and Misuse, 39, 671-698.
Lansford, J. E., Patrick, S. M., Kristopher, I. S., Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E. ve Pettit, G. S. (2006). Developmental Trajectories of Externalizing Behaviors: Factors Underlying Resilience in Physically Abused Children. Development and Psychopathology, 18, 35-55.
Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Emotion and Adaptation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lazarus, R. S. ve Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York: Springer Publishing. Company.
Lin, K. K., Sandler, I. N., Ayers, T. S., Wolchik, S. A. ve Luecken, L. J. (2004). Resilience in Parentally Bereaved Children and Adolescents Seeking Preventive Services. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33(4), 673-683.
Luthar, S. (1991).Vulnerability and Resilience: A Study of High-Risk Adolescents. Child Development, 62, 600-616.
Luthar, S., Cicchetti, D. ve Becker, B. (2000). The Construct of Resilience: A Critical Evaluation and Guidelines For Future Work. Child Development, 71(3), 543-562.
Mandleco, B. L. ve Peery, J. C. (2000). An Organizational Framework For Conceptualizing Resilience in Children. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 13(3), 99-111.
Martinek, T. J. ve Hellison, D. R. (1997). Fostering Resiliency in Underserved Youth Through Physical Activity. Quest, 49, 34-49
Masten, A. S. (1986). Humor and Competence in School-Aged Children. Child Development, 57, 461- 473.
Masten, A. S., Garmezy, N., Tellegen, A., Pellegrini, D. S., Larkin, K. ve Larsen, A. (1988). Competence and Stress in School Children: The Moderating Effects of İndividual and Family Qualities. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 29, 745- 764.
Masten, A.S., Best, K. M. ve Garmezy, N. (1990). Resilience and Development: Contributions From The Study of Children Who Overcome Adversity. Development and Psychopathology, 2, 425-444.
Masten, A. S. ve Coastworth, J. D. (1998). The Development of Competence in Favorable and Unfavorable Environments: Lessons From Research on Successful Children. American Psychologist, 53(2), 205- 220.
Masten, A. S., Hubbard, J. J., Gest, S. D., Tellegen, A., Garmezy, N. ve Ramirez, M. (1999). Competence in The Context of Adversity: Pathways To Resilience and Maladaptation From Childhood To Late Adolescence, Development and Psychopathology, 11, 143-169.
McCubbin, M., Balling, K., Possin, P., Frierdich, S. ve Bryne, B. (2002). Family Resiliency in Childhood Cancer. Family Relations, 51, 103-111.
Miller, D. T. (1999). The Norm of Self-İnterest. American Psychologist, 54, 1053–1060.
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Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Sociology (Other)
Journal Section	Derleme Makaleler
Authors	Aylin Arıcı 0000-0003-3872-2984 Doç. Dr. Taner Artan 0000-0002-8716-2090
Project Number	yok
Early Pub Date	January 30, 2023
Publication Date	December 29, 2022
Acceptance Date	December 29, 2022
Published in Issue	Year 2022 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA	Arıcı, A., & Artan, D. D. T. (2022). PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLAMLIĞIN GELİŞİMİNDE ARACI BİR DEĞİŞKEN OLARAK ÖZ ANLAYIŞ. Sosyal Çalışma Dergisi, 6(2), 131-142.

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