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Year 2023, Volume: 41 Issue: 2, 373 - 384, 30.04.2023

Simge Günay Bekir Kayacan

Abstract

References

  • REFERENCES
  • [1] Isherwood RM, Hancock BC. Household expendi-ture on fuel: Distributional aspects. London, UK: Economic Adviser's Office, DHSS; 1979.
  • [2] Richardson P. Fuel Poverty: A Study of Fuel Poverty among Low Income Council Tenants. Heslington, York, UK: University of York Department of Social Administration and Social Work CDP Unit; 1978.
  • [3] Belaïd F. Exposure and risk to fuel poverty in France: Examining the extent of the fuel precari-ousness and its salient determinants. Energy Policy 2018;114:189−200. [CrossRef]
  • [4] Boardman B. Fuel poverty: From cold homes to affordable warmth. 1st ed. London, UK: Belhaven Press; 1991.
  • [5] Faiella I, Lavecchia L. Energy poverty. How can you fight it, if you can't measure it? Energy Build 2021;233:110692. [CrossRef]
  • [6] Hills JR. Fuel poverty: the problem and its measure-ment. London, UK: Department for Energy and Climate Change; 2011. Report No: 69.
  • [7] Castaño-Rosa R, Solís-Guzmán J, Rubio-Bellido C, Marrero M. Towards a multiple-indicator approach to energy poverty in the European Union: A review. Energy Build 2019;193:36−48. [CrossRef]
  • [8] Li K, Lloyd B, Liang XJ, Wei YM. Energy poor or fuel poor: What are the differences? Energy Policy 2014;68:476−81. [CrossRef]
  • [9] Nussbaumer P, Bazilian M, Modi V. Measuring energy poverty: Focusing on what matters. Renew Sustain Energ Rev 2012;16:231−43. [CrossRef]
  • [10] Bouzarovski S, Petrova S. A global perspective on domestic energy deprivation: Overcoming the energy poverty-fuel poverty binary. Energy Res Soc Sci 2015;10:31−40. [CrossRef]
  • [11] Thema J, Vondung F. EPOV Indicator Dashboard: Methodology Guidebook. Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie GmbH Retrieved from https://energy- poverty.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2021-09/epov_methodology_guidebook_1. pdf.
  • [12] Rademaekers K, Yearwood J, Ferreira A, Pye S, Hamilton I, Agnolucci P, Grover D, Karásek J, Anisimova N. Selecting Indicators to Measure Energy Poverty. Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Trinomics; 2016. Retrieved from https://ec.europa. eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/Selecting%20 Indicators%20to%20Measure%20Energy%20 Poverty.pdf.
  • [13] Thomson H, Bouzarovski S, Snell C. Rethinking the measurement of energy poverty in Europe: A critical analysis of indicators and data. Indoor Built Environ 2017;26:879−901. [CrossRef]
  • [14] Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy, Department for Energy Security and Net Zero. Sustainable warmth: protecting vul-nerable households in England. UK Government Policy Paper. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/sustainable-warmth-pro-tecting-vulnerable-households-in england/sustainable-warmth-protecting-vulnerable-house-holds-in-england-accessible-web-version. Accessed on April 10, 2023.
  • [15] Tirado Herrero S. Energy poverty indicators: A crit-ical review of methods. Indoor Built Environ 2017; 26:1018−1031. [CrossRef]
  • [16] Khanna RA, Li Y, Mhaisalkar S, Kumar M, Liang LJ. Comprehensive energy poverty index: Measuring energy poverty and identifying micro-level solu-tions in South and Southeast Asia. Energy Policy 2019;132:379−391. [CrossRef]
  • [17] Gupta S, Gupta E, Sarangi GK. Household energy poverty index for India: An analysis of inter-state differences. Energy Policy 2020;144:111592. [CrossRef]
  • [18] Day R, Walker G, Simcock N. Conceptualising energy use and energy poverty using a capabilities frame-work. Energy Policy 2016;93:255−264. [CrossRef]
  • [19] European Commission. Energy Poverty Advisory Hub. Available at: https://www.energypoverty.eu/indicators-data. Accessed on April 10, 2023.
  • [20] Kyprianou I, Serghides DK, Varo A, Gouveia JP, Kopeva D, Murauskaite L. Energy poverty policies and measures in 5 EU countries: A comparative study. Energy Build 2019;196:46−60. [CrossRef]
  • [21] Grdenic G, Delimar M, Robić S. Framing the con-text of energy poverty in Croatia: A case-study from Zagreb. Energy Policy 2020;147:111869. [CrossRef]
  • [22] Ucal M, Gunay S. Household happiness and fuel poverty: A cross-sectional analysis on Turkey. Appl Res Qual Life 2022;17:391−420. [CrossRef]
  • [23] TUIK. Income and living conditions sur-vey, 2015. Available at: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Income-and-Living-Conditions-Survey-2015-21584. Accessed on May 12 2021.
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  • [25] TUIK. Income and living condition survey press releases (2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019). income, liv-ing, consumption and poverty. Available at: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=gelir-yasam-tuketim-ve-yoksulluk-107&dil=1. Accessed on May 12, 2021.
  • [26] EUROSTAT. Population unable to keep home adequately warm by poverty status. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/sdg_07_60/default/table?lang=en. Accessed on May 12, 2021.
  • [27] EUROSTAT. Total population living in a dwelling with a leaking roof, damp walls, floors or foundation, or rot in window frames or floor − EU-SILC survey. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data-browser/view/ilc_mdho01/default/table?lang=en. Accessed on May 12, 2021.
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  • [29] TUIK. Income and living conditions survey. Available at: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Income-and-Living-Conditions-Survey-2020-37404. Accessed on June 26, 2021.
  • [30] Karpinska L, Śmiech S. On the persistence of energy poverty in Europe: How hard is it for the poor to escape? Energy Res Lett 2020;1:1−3. [CrossRef]
  • [31] EUROSTAT. (2021). Inability to make ends meet -EU-SILC survey. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ILC_MDES09/default/table?lang=en Accessed on April 10, 2023.
  • [32] Emec H, Altay A, Aslanpay E, Ozdemir MO. Energy poverty and energy choice profile in Turkey. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar 2015;52:9−13 [Turkish].
  • [33] TUIK. Household Consumption Expenditures. Available at: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Hous ehold-C onsumpt ion-Expenditures-2012-13579. Accessed on June 26, 2021.
  • [34] Bagdadioglu N, Basaran A, Kalaycıoglu S, Pınar A. Kamu kolaylıkları yönetişiminde yoksulluğun dikkate alınması. Birleşmiş Milletler Kalkınma Programı ve Hacettepe Üniversitesi Piyasa Ekonomisini ve Girişimciliği Geliştirme Merkezi, Ankara, 2009. Available at: https://www.undp. org/content/dam/turkey/docs/povreddoc/Kamu_ Kolayliklari_Yonetisiminde_Yoksullugun_Dikkate_ Alinmasi.pdf. Accessed on April 10, 2023. [Turkish]
  • [35] Browne A, Petrova S, Brockett B. Water-energy nexus vulnerabilities in China: Infrastructures, pol-icies, Practices. In: Simcock N, Thomson H, Petrova S, Bouzarovski S, editors. Energy poverty and vul-nerability: A global perspective. 1st ed. London: Routledge; 2018. pp. 80−95. [CrossRef]
  • [36] Sanlı B, Donmez F, Alanyalı M. Türkiye bağlamında enerji yoksulluğu ve kırılgan tüketici. Available at: http://www.barissanli.com/calismalar/2015/bsan-li-donmez-alanyali-enerjiyoksullugu.pdf Accessed on April 10, 2023. [Turkish].
  • [37] Koktas A, Selcuk IS. AB ve Türkiye'de enerji yok-sulluğu. Politik Ekonomik Kuram 2018;2:95−108.[Turkish]. [CrossRef]
  • [38] Eke EU. Dünyada ve Türkiye'de enerji yoksulluğu. 1st ed. Tokat: Taşhan Kitap Yayınları; 2018. [Turkish]
  • [39] Selcuk IS, Golcek AG, Koktas AM. Energy poverty in Turkey. Socioecon 2019;27:283−299. [CrossRef]
  • [40] TUIK. Household consumption expendi-tures, 2017. Available at: https://data.tuik.gov. tr/Bulten/Index?p=Household-Consumption-Expenditures-2017-27840. Accessed on 26 June, 2021.
  • [41] Kose T. Energy poverty and health: The Turkish case. Energ Source Part B 2019;14:201−213. [CrossRef]
  • [42] Emre T, İzgec MM, Sozen A. Overview of the litera-ture on energy poverty. J Polytech 2023;1. [CrossRef]
  • [43] Erdogdu S. Dünyada ve Türkiye'de Enerji Yoksulluğu Üzerine. Türkiye'nin Enerji Görünümü 2020 Raporu. The Union of Turkish Engineers and Architects Chamber of Mechanical Engineers No. MMO/717. Ankara, 2020 [in Turkish]. Accesssed on Apr 10, 2023.https://www.mmo.org.tr/sites/default/files/TEG20203_ EnerjiYoksullu%C4%9FuYoksunlu%C4%9Fu_ Seyhan%20Erdo%C4%9Fdu.pdf.
  • [44] Dogan E, Madaleno M, Taskın D. Which house-holds are more energy vulnerable? Energy poverty and financial inclusion in Turkey. Energy Econ 2021;99:105306. [CrossRef]
  • [45] Gavashelishvili S. The Relationship Between Renewable Energy Use and Energy Poverty: a study on Turkey using the nighttime lights data. EconTR2020@Eskisehir, International Conference on Economics, September 10-12, 2020, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey. Accesssed on Apr 10, 2023. https://2020.econtr.org/papers/Gavashelishvili_The.pdf.
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  • [49] Wang RZ, Yu X, Ge TS, Li TX. The present and future of residential refrigeration, power generation and energy storage. Appl Therm Eng 2013;53:256−270.[CrossRef] [ 50] Pagliaro M, Meneguzzo F. Distributed generation from renewable energy sources: Ending energy poverty across the World. Energy Tech 2020;8:1−7.[CrossRef]
  • [51] Kaygusuz K, Guney MS, Kaygusuz O. Renewable energy for rural development in Turkey. J Eng Appl Sci 2019;8:1109−1118.
  • [52] Papadopoulou SD, Kalaitzoglou N, Psarra M, Lefkeli S, Karasmanaki E, Tsantopoulos G. Addressing energy poverty through transitioning to a car-bon-free environment. Sustainability 2019;11:1−17.[CrossRef]
  • [53] Palm J, Eriksson E. Residential solar electricity adoption: How households in Sweden search for and use information. Energy Sustain Soc 2018;8:1−9.[CrossRef]
  • [54] Nordholm A, Sareen S. Scalar Containment of energy justice and its democratic discontents: solar power and energy poverty alleviation. Front Sustain Cities 2021;3:626683. [CrossRef]
  • [55] Streimikiene D, Kyriakopoulos GL, Lekavicius V, Siksnelyte-Butkiene I. Energy poverty and low carbon just energy transition: comparative study in Lithuania and Greece. Soc Indic Res 2021;158:319−371. [CrossRef]
  • [56] Hogart JR, Granoff I. Power generation alone won't deliver energy to Africa's poor. Available at: https://odi.org/en/insights/power-genera-tion-alone-wont- deliver-energy-to-africas-poor/Accessed on August 14, 2021.
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  • [60] Kibar S. Energy Poverty and the Characteristics of Energy-Poor Households in Turkey. Bogazici University, 2020.

Household energy poverty: The concept, issues and implications for Turkiye

Year 2023, Volume: 41 Issue: 2, 373 - 384, 30.04.2023

Simge Günay Bekir Kayacan

Abstract

The first recognition of energy poverty concept dates to the 1970s. However, the concept did increasingly attract attention only recently. The main reason for increasing attention for en-ergy poverty as an issue to tackle is the growing awareness that energy is not a luxury service for households but an indispensable resource for livelihood. Along with the growing interest in household energy poverty issues, especially of academia, there exists an ongoing debate and variety of approaches as to how energy poverty can or should be defined and measured, par-ticularly in the EU countries. And Turkiye, made subject to a few studies of household energy poverty, is no exception to this situation: Turkiye is among the countries that have not official-ly defined energy poverty yet. But even so, according to the 2019 Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) data, inability of heating the dwelling due to insufficient insulation was found to be the most important problem of households in Turkiye. Therefore, this paper attempts to review the extent of the issue in Turkiye by making use of previous studies and evaluating current information and data on the issue in the country.

Keywords

Energy Poverty Measurement Methods Households TURKSTAT Turkiye

References

  • REFERENCES
  • [1] Isherwood RM, Hancock BC. Household expendi-ture on fuel: Distributional aspects. London, UK: Economic Adviser's Office, DHSS; 1979.
  • [2] Richardson P. Fuel Poverty: A Study of Fuel Poverty among Low Income Council Tenants. Heslington, York, UK: University of York Department of Social Administration and Social Work CDP Unit; 1978.
  • [3] Belaïd F. Exposure and risk to fuel poverty in France: Examining the extent of the fuel precari-ousness and its salient determinants. Energy Policy 2018;114:189−200. [CrossRef]
  • [4] Boardman B. Fuel poverty: From cold homes to affordable warmth. 1st ed. London, UK: Belhaven Press; 1991.
  • [5] Faiella I, Lavecchia L. Energy poverty. How can you fight it, if you can't measure it? Energy Build 2021;233:110692. [CrossRef]
  • [6] Hills JR. Fuel poverty: the problem and its measure-ment. London, UK: Department for Energy and Climate Change; 2011. Report No: 69.
  • [7] Castaño-Rosa R, Solís-Guzmán J, Rubio-Bellido C, Marrero M. Towards a multiple-indicator approach to energy poverty in the European Union: A review. Energy Build 2019;193:36−48. [CrossRef]
  • [8] Li K, Lloyd B, Liang XJ, Wei YM. Energy poor or fuel poor: What are the differences? Energy Policy 2014;68:476−81. [CrossRef]
  • [9] Nussbaumer P, Bazilian M, Modi V. Measuring energy poverty: Focusing on what matters. Renew Sustain Energ Rev 2012;16:231−43. [CrossRef]
  • [10] Bouzarovski S, Petrova S. A global perspective on domestic energy deprivation: Overcoming the energy poverty-fuel poverty binary. Energy Res Soc Sci 2015;10:31−40. [CrossRef]
  • [11] Thema J, Vondung F. EPOV Indicator Dashboard: Methodology Guidebook. Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie GmbH Retrieved from https://energy- poverty.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2021-09/epov_methodology_guidebook_1. pdf.
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  • [16] Khanna RA, Li Y, Mhaisalkar S, Kumar M, Liang LJ. Comprehensive energy poverty index: Measuring energy poverty and identifying micro-level solu-tions in South and Southeast Asia. Energy Policy 2019;132:379−391. [CrossRef]
  • [17] Gupta S, Gupta E, Sarangi GK. Household energy poverty index for India: An analysis of inter-state differences. Energy Policy 2020;144:111592. [CrossRef]
  • [18] Day R, Walker G, Simcock N. Conceptualising energy use and energy poverty using a capabilities frame-work. Energy Policy 2016;93:255−264. [CrossRef]
  • [19] European Commission. Energy Poverty Advisory Hub. Available at: https://www.energypoverty.eu/indicators-data. Accessed on April 10, 2023.
  • [20] Kyprianou I, Serghides DK, Varo A, Gouveia JP, Kopeva D, Murauskaite L. Energy poverty policies and measures in 5 EU countries: A comparative study. Energy Build 2019;196:46−60. [CrossRef]
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  • [22] Ucal M, Gunay S. Household happiness and fuel poverty: A cross-sectional analysis on Turkey. Appl Res Qual Life 2022;17:391−420. [CrossRef]
  • [23] TUIK. Income and living conditions sur-vey, 2015. Available at: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Income-and-Living-Conditions-Survey-2015-21584. Accessed on May 12 2021.
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  • [25] TUIK. Income and living condition survey press releases (2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019). income, liv-ing, consumption and poverty. Available at: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=gelir-yasam-tuketim-ve-yoksulluk-107&dil=1. Accessed on May 12, 2021.
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  • [33] TUIK. Household Consumption Expenditures. Available at: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Hous ehold-C onsumpt ion-Expenditures-2012-13579. Accessed on June 26, 2021.
  • [34] Bagdadioglu N, Basaran A, Kalaycıoglu S, Pınar A. Kamu kolaylıkları yönetişiminde yoksulluğun dikkate alınması. Birleşmiş Milletler Kalkınma Programı ve Hacettepe Üniversitesi Piyasa Ekonomisini ve Girişimciliği Geliştirme Merkezi, Ankara, 2009. Available at: https://www.undp. org/content/dam/turkey/docs/povreddoc/Kamu_ Kolayliklari_Yonetisiminde_Yoksullugun_Dikkate_ Alinmasi.pdf. Accessed on April 10, 2023. [Turkish]
  • [35] Browne A, Petrova S, Brockett B. Water-energy nexus vulnerabilities in China: Infrastructures, pol-icies, Practices. In: Simcock N, Thomson H, Petrova S, Bouzarovski S, editors. Energy poverty and vul-nerability: A global perspective. 1st ed. London: Routledge; 2018. pp. 80−95. [CrossRef]
  • [36] Sanlı B, Donmez F, Alanyalı M. Türkiye bağlamında enerji yoksulluğu ve kırılgan tüketici. Available at: http://www.barissanli.com/calismalar/2015/bsan-li-donmez-alanyali-enerjiyoksullugu.pdf Accessed on April 10, 2023. [Turkish].
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  • [38] Eke EU. Dünyada ve Türkiye'de enerji yoksulluğu. 1st ed. Tokat: Taşhan Kitap Yayınları; 2018. [Turkish]
  • [39] Selcuk IS, Golcek AG, Koktas AM. Energy poverty in Turkey. Socioecon 2019;27:283−299. [CrossRef]
  • [40] TUIK. Household consumption expendi-tures, 2017. Available at: https://data.tuik.gov. tr/Bulten/Index?p=Household-Consumption-Expenditures-2017-27840. Accessed on 26 June, 2021.
  • [41] Kose T. Energy poverty and health: The Turkish case. Energ Source Part B 2019;14:201−213. [CrossRef]
  • [42] Emre T, İzgec MM, Sozen A. Overview of the litera-ture on energy poverty. J Polytech 2023;1. [CrossRef]
  • [43] Erdogdu S. Dünyada ve Türkiye'de Enerji Yoksulluğu Üzerine. Türkiye'nin Enerji Görünümü 2020 Raporu. The Union of Turkish Engineers and Architects Chamber of Mechanical Engineers No. MMO/717. Ankara, 2020 [in Turkish]. Accesssed on Apr 10, 2023.https://www.mmo.org.tr/sites/default/files/TEG20203_ EnerjiYoksullu%C4%9FuYoksunlu%C4%9Fu_ Seyhan%20Erdo%C4%9Fdu.pdf.
  • [44] Dogan E, Madaleno M, Taskın D. Which house-holds are more energy vulnerable? Energy poverty and financial inclusion in Turkey. Energy Econ 2021;99:105306. [CrossRef]
  • [45] Gavashelishvili S. The Relationship Between Renewable Energy Use and Energy Poverty: a study on Turkey using the nighttime lights data. EconTR2020@Eskisehir, International Conference on Economics, September 10-12, 2020, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey. Accesssed on Apr 10, 2023. https://2020.econtr.org/papers/Gavashelishvili_The.pdf.
  • [46] Sachs J, Schmidt-Traub G, Kroll C, Lafortune G, Fuller G, Woelm F. The Sustainable Development Sustainable Development Report 2021. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2021. [CrossRef]
  • [47] Sustainable Development Report. Turkey: OECD member. Available at: https://dashboards.sdgindex. org/profiles/turkey. Accessed on May 14 2021.
  • [48] Ucal M, Gunay S. Energy efficiency of the hous-ing stock in Turkey: the links between energy Efficiency and energy poverty. Available at: https://www.eppedia.eu/article/energy-efficien-cy-housing-stock-turkey-links-between-ener-gy-efficiency-and-energy-poverty Accessed on April 10, 2023.
  • [49] Wang RZ, Yu X, Ge TS, Li TX. The present and future of residential refrigeration, power generation and energy storage. Appl Therm Eng 2013;53:256−270.[CrossRef] [ 50] Pagliaro M, Meneguzzo F. Distributed generation from renewable energy sources: Ending energy poverty across the World. Energy Tech 2020;8:1−7.[CrossRef]
  • [51] Kaygusuz K, Guney MS, Kaygusuz O. Renewable energy for rural development in Turkey. J Eng Appl Sci 2019;8:1109−1118.
  • [52] Papadopoulou SD, Kalaitzoglou N, Psarra M, Lefkeli S, Karasmanaki E, Tsantopoulos G. Addressing energy poverty through transitioning to a car-bon-free environment. Sustainability 2019;11:1−17.[CrossRef]
  • [53] Palm J, Eriksson E. Residential solar electricity adoption: How households in Sweden search for and use information. Energy Sustain Soc 2018;8:1−9.[CrossRef]
  • [54] Nordholm A, Sareen S. Scalar Containment of energy justice and its democratic discontents: solar power and energy poverty alleviation. Front Sustain Cities 2021;3:626683. [CrossRef]
  • [55] Streimikiene D, Kyriakopoulos GL, Lekavicius V, Siksnelyte-Butkiene I. Energy poverty and low carbon just energy transition: comparative study in Lithuania and Greece. Soc Indic Res 2021;158:319−371. [CrossRef]
  • [56] Hogart JR, Granoff I. Power generation alone won't deliver energy to Africa's poor. Available at: https://odi.org/en/insights/power-genera-tion-alone-wont- deliver-energy-to-africas-poor/Accessed on August 14, 2021.
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There are 60 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Simge Günay 0000-0001-8742-9958

Bekir Kayacan 0000-0002-6569-8054

Publication Date April 30, 2023
Submission Date March 24, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 41 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Günay S, Kayacan B. Household energy poverty: The concept, issues and implications for Turkiye. SIGMA. 2023;41(2):373-84.

IMPORTANT NOTE: JOURNAL SUBMISSION LINK https://eds.yildiz.edu.tr/sigma/