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An Assessment of American Portraiture before 20th Century

Year 2021, Volume: 22 Issue: 41, 785 - 838, 31.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.835477

Abstract

The subject of this article is American portraits before the 20th century. Periods were introduced with prominent portrait painters and some of their Works. While introducing the art of portrait, the political, social, economic and cultural formations and transformations experienced in the American continent were also examined. Between the colonial period and the Early Republic, the American portrait changed in style and subject matter. In the early nineteenth century, a distinctive national American style emerged. During the colonization period, many painters from various countries and various cultures came and contributed to the development of American art, most of them with inadequate education. Black and other indigenous groups living in the continent existed in the pot of the Continent with their own cultures and supported the formation of a genuine American art. Since American portrait art covers a wide production phase, it was not been possible to include all American painters in this article.

References

  • Barratt, C. R. (2003). Faces of a new nation: American portraits of the 18th and early 19th centuries. Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, 61(1), The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  • Barratt, C. R. & Zabar, L. (2010). American portrait miniatures in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  • Baur, J. I. H. (1940). Eastman Johnson, 1824-1906: An American genre painter. Exh. Cat. The Brooklyn Museum.
  • Bearden, R. & Henderson, H. (1993). A history of African-American artists from 1792 to the present. Pantheon.
  • Bryan, J. & Torchia, R. (1996). The mysterious portraitist Joshua Johnson. Archives of American Art Journal, 36(2), 2-7.
  • Burke, D. B. (1986). In pursuit of beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  • Chotner, D. (1992). American naive paintings. The collections of the National Gallery of Art Systematic Catalogue. Cambridge University Press.
  • Clark, C. (1992). American drawings and watercolors (Robert Lehman Collection Volume: 8). The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  • Clark, R. J. (1972). The shaping of art and architecture in nineteenth-century America. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  • Cook, B. F. & Gardner, A. T. (1964). Illusion in painting. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, 22(5), The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  • Gardner, A. T. (1944). Memorials of an American Romantic. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, 3(2), The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  • Gardner, A. T. & Feld, S. P. (1965). American paintings: A catalogue of the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Vol. 1: Painters Born by 1815. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  • Garrett, W. D. (1970). The first score for American paintings and sculpture, 1870-1890. Metropolitan Museum Journal, 3, The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  • Harris, N. (1966). The artist in American society: the formative years, 1790-1860. Braziller.
  • Hartigan, L. R. (1985). Sharing traditions: five black artists in America. Exh. cat. National Museum of American Art, traveling exhibition. Washington.
  • Healy, G. P. A. (1894). Reminiscences of a portrait painter. Chicago.
  • Hills, P. (1977). The genre painting of Eastman Johnson: the sources and development of his style and themes. New York.
  • Johnston, P. (1979). William Matthew Prior, itinerant portrait painter. Early American Life, 20-23, 66.
  • Kelly, F., Cikovsky Jr., N., Chotner, D., Davis, J. (1996). American paintings of the nineteenth century, part I. the collections of the National Gallery of Art Systematic Catalogue. Washington, D.C.
  • Kloss, W.. (1988). Samuel F. B. Morse. Harry N Abrams Inc.
  • Larkin, O. W. (1954). Samuel F. B. Morse and American Democratic Art. Little Brown.
  • Lee, C. (1929). Early American portrait painters: the fourteen principal earliest native-born painters. Yale University Press.
  • Lewison, F. (1998). G. P. A. Healy, 1815[sic]-1894, a success at home and abroad. American Artist, 32(54-59), 69-73.
  • Little, N. F. (1948). Willim M. Prior, traveling artist, and his in-laws, the painting hamblens. Antiques 53, 44-48.
  • Miles, E. G. (1995). American paintings of the eighteenth century. The collections of the National Gallery of Art Systematic Catalogue. Washington, D.C.
  • Miller, L. B. (Ed.). (1983-1991). The selected papers of Charles Willson Peale and his family. 3 vols. to date. New Haven and London.
  • Mathews, M. M. (1969). Henry Ossawa Tanner, American artist. Chicago and London.
  • Mondello, S. (Ed.). (1990). The private papers of John Vanderlyn (1775-1852), American portrait painter. Lewiston, New York.
  • Oedell, W. (1981). John Vanderlyn: French Neoclassicism and the search for an American art. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). University of Delaware.
  • Prown, J. D. (1966). John Singleton Copley. 2 Cilt. Cambridge, Massachusetts.
  • Perry, R. A. (1976). Selections of Nineteenth-Century Afro-American Art. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Philadelphia Museum of Art. (1928). Portraits by Early American Artists of the Seventeenth, Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, Collected by Thomas B. Clarke. Exhibition Catalogue.
  • Richardson, E. P. (1983). Brooke Hindle, and Lillian B. Miller. Charles Willson Peale and his world. New York.
  • Romero, D. (Ed.). (1985). Directory of American portrait artists. American Portrait Society.
  • Salvo, D. M. de, Berger, M., Parrish Art Museum, Wexner Center for the Visual Arts, Tampa Museum of Art. (1995). Face Value: American Portrait. Parrish Art Museum.
  • Smibert, J. (1995). Colonial America’s first portrait painter (A Barra Foundation Book). Yale University Press.
  • Staiti, P. J. (1989). Samuel F. B. Morse. New York.

20. YÜZYIL ÖNCESİ AMERİKAN PORTRECİLİĞİ HAKKINDA BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Year 2021, Volume: 22 Issue: 41, 785 - 838, 31.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.835477

Abstract

Bu makalenin konusunu 20. yüzyıl öncesi Amerikan portreleri oluşturmaktadır. Öne çıkan portre ressamları ve bazı çalışmaları ile dönemler tanıtılmaya çalışılmıştır. Portre sanatı tanıtılırken tarihsel bağlamda Amerika kıtasında yaşanılan siyasi, sosyal, ekonomik, kültürel oluşum ve dönüşümler de incelenmiştir. Kolonileşme Dönemi ile Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemleri arasında, Amerikan portresi tarz ve konu bakımından değişmişti. 19. yüzyılın ilk dönemlerinde, kendine özgü millî bir Amerikan tarzı oluşmuştur. Portrelerde Amerika’ya Kolonileşme Dönemi’nde çeşitli ülkelerden ve çeşitli kültürlerden, çoğu yetersiz eğitimi olan pek çok ressam da gelmiş ve Amerikan sanatının gelişimine katkı sağlamışlardır. Kıtada yaşayan siyahi ve diğer yerli grupları da Amerika kıtasının potasında kendi kültürleriyle var olmuş ve özgün bir Amerikan sanatı oluşumuna destek vermişlerdir. Amerikan portre sanatı geniş bir üretim evresini kapsaması nedeniyle bütün Amerikalı ressamlara bu makalede yer vermek mümkün olmamıştır.

References

  • Barratt, C. R. (2003). Faces of a new nation: American portraits of the 18th and early 19th centuries. Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, 61(1), The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  • Barratt, C. R. & Zabar, L. (2010). American portrait miniatures in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  • Baur, J. I. H. (1940). Eastman Johnson, 1824-1906: An American genre painter. Exh. Cat. The Brooklyn Museum.
  • Bearden, R. & Henderson, H. (1993). A history of African-American artists from 1792 to the present. Pantheon.
  • Bryan, J. & Torchia, R. (1996). The mysterious portraitist Joshua Johnson. Archives of American Art Journal, 36(2), 2-7.
  • Burke, D. B. (1986). In pursuit of beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  • Chotner, D. (1992). American naive paintings. The collections of the National Gallery of Art Systematic Catalogue. Cambridge University Press.
  • Clark, C. (1992). American drawings and watercolors (Robert Lehman Collection Volume: 8). The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  • Clark, R. J. (1972). The shaping of art and architecture in nineteenth-century America. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  • Cook, B. F. & Gardner, A. T. (1964). Illusion in painting. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, 22(5), The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  • Gardner, A. T. (1944). Memorials of an American Romantic. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, 3(2), The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  • Gardner, A. T. & Feld, S. P. (1965). American paintings: A catalogue of the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Vol. 1: Painters Born by 1815. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  • Garrett, W. D. (1970). The first score for American paintings and sculpture, 1870-1890. Metropolitan Museum Journal, 3, The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  • Harris, N. (1966). The artist in American society: the formative years, 1790-1860. Braziller.
  • Hartigan, L. R. (1985). Sharing traditions: five black artists in America. Exh. cat. National Museum of American Art, traveling exhibition. Washington.
  • Healy, G. P. A. (1894). Reminiscences of a portrait painter. Chicago.
  • Hills, P. (1977). The genre painting of Eastman Johnson: the sources and development of his style and themes. New York.
  • Johnston, P. (1979). William Matthew Prior, itinerant portrait painter. Early American Life, 20-23, 66.
  • Kelly, F., Cikovsky Jr., N., Chotner, D., Davis, J. (1996). American paintings of the nineteenth century, part I. the collections of the National Gallery of Art Systematic Catalogue. Washington, D.C.
  • Kloss, W.. (1988). Samuel F. B. Morse. Harry N Abrams Inc.
  • Larkin, O. W. (1954). Samuel F. B. Morse and American Democratic Art. Little Brown.
  • Lee, C. (1929). Early American portrait painters: the fourteen principal earliest native-born painters. Yale University Press.
  • Lewison, F. (1998). G. P. A. Healy, 1815[sic]-1894, a success at home and abroad. American Artist, 32(54-59), 69-73.
  • Little, N. F. (1948). Willim M. Prior, traveling artist, and his in-laws, the painting hamblens. Antiques 53, 44-48.
  • Miles, E. G. (1995). American paintings of the eighteenth century. The collections of the National Gallery of Art Systematic Catalogue. Washington, D.C.
  • Miller, L. B. (Ed.). (1983-1991). The selected papers of Charles Willson Peale and his family. 3 vols. to date. New Haven and London.
  • Mathews, M. M. (1969). Henry Ossawa Tanner, American artist. Chicago and London.
  • Mondello, S. (Ed.). (1990). The private papers of John Vanderlyn (1775-1852), American portrait painter. Lewiston, New York.
  • Oedell, W. (1981). John Vanderlyn: French Neoclassicism and the search for an American art. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). University of Delaware.
  • Prown, J. D. (1966). John Singleton Copley. 2 Cilt. Cambridge, Massachusetts.
  • Perry, R. A. (1976). Selections of Nineteenth-Century Afro-American Art. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Philadelphia Museum of Art. (1928). Portraits by Early American Artists of the Seventeenth, Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, Collected by Thomas B. Clarke. Exhibition Catalogue.
  • Richardson, E. P. (1983). Brooke Hindle, and Lillian B. Miller. Charles Willson Peale and his world. New York.
  • Romero, D. (Ed.). (1985). Directory of American portrait artists. American Portrait Society.
  • Salvo, D. M. de, Berger, M., Parrish Art Museum, Wexner Center for the Visual Arts, Tampa Museum of Art. (1995). Face Value: American Portrait. Parrish Art Museum.
  • Smibert, J. (1995). Colonial America’s first portrait painter (A Barra Foundation Book). Yale University Press.
  • Staiti, P. J. (1989). Samuel F. B. Morse. New York.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ufuk Çetin 0000-0001-5102-8183

Publication Date July 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 22 Issue: 41

Cite

APA Çetin, U. (2021). 20. YÜZYIL ÖNCESİ AMERİKAN PORTRECİLİĞİ HAKKINDA BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(41), 785-838. https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.835477