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Ar-Ge Yönetimi Üzerine Stratejik Düşünceler: Temel Yetenek Tabanlı Bir Yönetişim Modeli Önerisi

Year 2021, Issue: 46, 89 - 107, 20.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.52642/susbed.897006

Abstract

Stratejik Ar-Ge yönetimi politikalarının etkili bir şekilde uygulanması, bu yaklaşımların kuramsal temellerle oluşturulmasına ve uygulamaya yönelik yönetim modelleriyle desteklenmesine bağlıdır. Araştırma ve geliştirme yapan örgütleri rakipleri karşısında farklı kılacak en önemli faktör, kabiliyet ve yetenekler temelinde Ar-Ge aktiviteleri yapmaları ve mevcut yeteneklerini değerli, az bulunur, taklit ve ikame edilemeyen yeteneklere dönüştürebilmeleridir. Bu çalışma; Ar-Ge yönetimi faaliyetlerini kaynak tabanlı kuram ve temel yetenek tabanlı stratejiler çerçevesinde incelemekte ve Teknokent toplulukları bünyesinde uygulanabilirliği olan stratejik araştırma ve geliştirme politikaları belirlemeye yönelik kuramsal bir yönetişim modeli önermektedir. Geliştirilen bu model çerçevesinde, Teknokentlerdeki Ar-Ge işletmelerinde var olan ortak ve öncelikli temel yeteneklerin koordineli olarak yönetilmesinin, ulusal Ar-Ge performansında önemli atılımlar ve ani yükselmeler sağlayabileceği savunulmaktadır. Yapılan araştırmanın; araştırma ve geliştirmeye yönelik politikalar esasında gerçekleşen geleneksel Ar-Ge performansı belirleme yaklaşımlarından, Ar-Ge işletmelerinin beyin gücünü ve teknolojik imkânlarının entegrasyonunu esas alan kaynak tabanlı ve temel yetenekler temelli Ar-Ge yönetişimi stratejilerine geçişe kuramsal ve düşünsel bir katkı sağlaması amaçlanmıştır.

References

  • Abbey, A. ve Dickson, J. W. (1983). R&D Work Climate and Innovation in Semiconductors. Academy of Management Journal. Vol.26, No.2, 362-368.
  • Asakawa, K., Nakamura, H. ve Sawada, N. (2010). Firms' Open Innovation Policies, Laboratories' External Collaborations, and Laboratories' R&D Performance. R&D Management, 40(2), 109-123.
  • Barney, J.B. (1986). Organizational Culture can It be a Source of Sustained Advantage? Academy of Management Review.
  • Barney, J.B. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, Vol. 17, No.1.
  • Barutçugil, İ. (2009). Ar-Ge Yönetimi, İstanbul: Kariyer Yayınları.
  • Boxall, P. F. (1996). The Strategic HRM Debate and The Resource-Based View of The Firm. Human Resource Management Journal, 6 (3), ss. 59–75.
  • Bremser, W.G. ve Barsky, N.P. (2004). Utilizing the Balanced Scorecard for R&D Performance Measurement. R&D Management, Vol. 34/3, 229-238.
  • Brown, M. ve Svenson, R. (1988). Measuring R&D Productivity. Research Technology Management, 31, 4, 11-15.
  • Brown, W.B. ve Gobeli, D. (1992). Observations on The Measurement of R&D Productivity: A Case Study. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 39, 4, 325-331.
  • Campbell, A. ve Luchs, K.S. (2002). Temel Yetenek Tabanlı Strateji: Rekabetçi İş Ortamında Ayırt Edici Özellikler, Epsilon Yayıncılık.
  • Chiesa, V., Frattini, F., Lazzarotti, V. ve Manzini, R. (2007). How Do Measurement Objectives Influence the R&D Performance Measurement System Design? Evidence from a Multiple Case Study. Management Research News, 30(3), 187-202.
  • Cooper, R.G. and Kleinschmidt, E. (1996). Winning Businesses in Product Development: The Critical Success Factors. Research Technology Management, 39, 4, 18-29.
  • Cordero, R. (1990). The Measurement of Innovation Performance in the Firm: An Overview. Research Policy, 19, 2, 185-192.
  • Driva, H., Pawar, K.S. ve Menon, U. (2000). Measuring Product Development Performance in Manufacturing Organizations. International Journal of Production Economics, 63, 147-159.
  • Drucker, P.F. (1996). Gelecek İçin Yönetim. 4. Baskı, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Ellis, L.W. ve Curtis, C.C. (1995). Speedy R&D: How Beneficial? Research Technology Management, 38, 4, 42-51.
  • Fey, C. F. ve Birkinshaw, J. (2005). External Sources of Knowledge, Governance Mode, and R&D Performance. Journal of Management, 31(4), 597-621.
  • Foss, N. J. (1996). Research in Strategy, Economics, and Michael Porter. Journal of Management Studies, 33, 1.
  • Grant, R. M. (1991). The Resource-Based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implications for strategy formulation. California Management Review. s. 125.
  • Grant, R.M., (1996). Toward a Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17.
  • Griffin, A. ve Page A.L. (1996). PDMA Success Measurement Project: Recommended Measures for Product Development Success and Failure. The Journal of Product Innovation Management, 13, 478-496.
  • Harrison, J.S., Hitt, M. A., Hoskisson, R.E. ve Ireland R.D. (1991). Synergies and Post-Acquisition Performance: Differences Versus Similarities in Resource Allocations. Journal of Management, Vol. 17, No. 1.s. 173-175.
  • Hauser, J. ve Zettelmeyer, F. (1997). Metrics to Evaluate R,D&E. Research Technology Management, 40, 4, 32-38.
  • Hultink, E.J. ve Robben, H.S.J. (1995). Measuring New Product Success: The Difference That Time Perspective Makes. The Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 392-405.
  • Hung, C. L., Kuo, S. J. ve Dong, T. P. (2013). The Relationship Between Team Communication, Structure, and Academic R&D Performance: Empirical Evidence of the National Telecommunication Program in Taiwan. R&D Management, 43(2), 121-135.
  • Javidan, M. (1998). Core Competence: What Does It Mean in Practice? Long Range Planning, Vol:31, No:1.
  • Jenster, P. V. ve Pedersen, H. S. (2000). Outsourcing-Facts and Fiction, Strategic Change, Vol.9, pp. 147–154.
  • Kalça, A. ve Atasoy, Y. (2008). Ekonomik Büyüme Aracı Olarak Bilgi Yatırımları ve İnovasyon, Bilgi Ekonomisi ve Yönetimi Dergisi, Cilt: III, Sayı:II, 95-110.
  • Katila, R. ve Ahuja, G. (2002). Something Old, Something New: A Longitudinal Study of Search Behavior and New Product İntroduction. Academy of Management Journal, 45(6), 1183-1194.
  • Katz, R. ve Allen, T. J.(1985). Project Performance and the Locus of Influence in the R&D Matrix. The Academy of Management Journal, 28(1), 67–87.
  • Kerssens-van Drongelen, I.C. ve Bilderbeek, J. (1999). R&D Performance Measurement: More Than Choosing a Set of Metrics. R&D Management, 29, 1, 35-46.
  • Kim, B. ve Oh, H. (2002). An Effective R&D Performance Measurement System: Survey of Korean R&D researchers. The International Journal of Management Science, 30, 19-31.
  • Lazzarotti, V., Manzini, R. ve Mari, L. (2011). A Model for R&D Performance Measurement. International Journal of Production Economics, 134(1), 212-223.
  • Lee, M., Son, B. ve Lee, H. (1996). Measuring R&D Effectiveness in Korean Companies. Research Technology Management, 39, 6, 28-31.
  • Leonard-Barton, D. (1992). Core Capabilities, Core Rigidities: A Paradox in Managing New Product Development. Strategic Management Journal, Summer Special Issue, 13, s.113.
  • Lepak, D.P. ve Snell, S. A. (1999). The Human Resource Architecture: Toward a Theory of Human Capital Allocation and Development. Academy of Management Review, 24, ss. 31–48.
  • Lichtenberg, F. R. 2002. Sources of U.S. longevity increase, 1960-1997, NBE. Working Paper, National Bureau of Economic Research, No: 8755
  • Major, E., Asch. D. ve Cordey-Hayes M. (2001). Foresight as a Core Competence. Futures 33, pp.91-107.
  • Martin, B. R. (2016). R&D Policy İnstruments–A Critical Review of What We Do and Don’t Know. Industry and Innovation, 23(2), 157-176.
  • Matheson, D. ve Matheson, J. (1999). Akıllı Örgüt, Boyner Holding Yayınevi, İstanbul.
  • Meyer, M.H., Tertzakian, P. ve Utterback, J.M. (1997). Metrics for Managing Research and Development in the Context of the Product Family, Management Science, 43, 1, 88-111.
  • Mooney, A. (2007). Core Competence, Distinctive Competence, and Competitive Advantage: What is the Difference? Journal of Education for Business, pp.110-115.
  • MÜSİAD Araştırma Raporları. (2012). Küresel Rekabet için Ar-Ge ve İnovasyon. Stratejik Dönüşüm Önerisi. MÜSİAD Araştırma Raporları.
  • OECD. 2011, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2011, OECD Publishing.
  • Ojanen, V. ve Vuola, O. (2003). Categorizing the Measures and Evaluation Methods of R & D Performance: A State-of-the-art Review on R&D Performance Analysis. Lappeenranta University of Technology.
  • Özer, M. A. (2006). Yönetişim Üzerine Notlar. Sayıştay Dergisi, ISSN: 1300 – 1981.
  • Pitt, M. ve Clarke, K. (1999). Competing on Competence: A Knowledge Perspective on the Management of Strategic Innovation. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 11(3), s.301.
  • Prahalad, C.K. ve Hamel, G. (1990). The Core Competence of the Corporation. Harvard Business Review.
  • Reed, R. ve Defillippi, R.J. (1990). Causal Ambiguity, Barriers to İmitation, and Sustainable Competitive Advantage. Academy of Management Review, Vol: 15, No:1.
  • Rumelt, R. P. (1987). Theory, strategy, and entrepreneurship. The Competitive Challenge, 137(158), 1-22.
  • Sanchez, R. ve Henee, A. (1997). Reinventing Strategic Management: New Theory and Practice for Competence-Based Competition. European Management Journal, Vol. 15, No.3.
  • Schilling, M. A. ve Hill, C. W. (1998). Managing the New Product Development Process: Strategic Imperatives. The Academy of Management Executive, 12(3), 67-81.
  • Schumann, P., Ransley, D. ve Prestwood, D. (1995). Measuring R&D Performance. Research Technology Management, 38, 3, 45-54.
  • Srivastava, R. J., Fahey, L. ve Chiristensen, H. K. (2001). The Resource-Based View and Marketing: The Role of Market-Based Assets in Gaining Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 27, ss. 777–802.
  • Taymaz, E., (2001). Ulusal Yenilik Sistemi: Türkiye İmalat Sanayinde Teknolojik Değişim ve Yenilik Süreçleri, TÜBİTAK/TTGV/DİE, Ankara.
  • Tipping, J.W., Zeffren, Z. Fusfeld A.R. (1995). Assessing the Value of Your Technology. Research–Technology Management, 38, 22–39.
  • Torkkeli, M. ve Tuominen, M. (2002). The Contribution of Technology Selection to Core Competencies. International Journal of Production Economics, Vol: 77.
  • TÜBİTAK. 2004. Ulusal Bilim ve Teknoloji Politikaları, 2003-2023 Strateji Belgesi.
  • Werner, B.M. ve Souder, W.E. (1997a). Measuring R&D Performance – State of the Art. Research Technology Management, 40, 2, 34-42.
  • Wernerfelt, B., (1984). A Resource–Based View of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal, Vol.5, No. 2.
  • Wright, P. M., Dunford, B.B. ve Snell, S.C. (2001). Human Resources and the Resource Based View of the Firm. Journal of Management, Vol.27, ss. 701–721.
  • Yaylalı M. ve Akan Y., Işık, C. (2010). Türkiye’de Ar-Ge Yatırım Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Eş Bütünleşme ve Nedensellik İlişkisi. Bilgi Ekonomisi ve Yönetimi Dergisi, Cilt: V Sayı: II.
Year 2021, Issue: 46, 89 - 107, 20.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.52642/susbed.897006

Abstract

References

  • Abbey, A. ve Dickson, J. W. (1983). R&D Work Climate and Innovation in Semiconductors. Academy of Management Journal. Vol.26, No.2, 362-368.
  • Asakawa, K., Nakamura, H. ve Sawada, N. (2010). Firms' Open Innovation Policies, Laboratories' External Collaborations, and Laboratories' R&D Performance. R&D Management, 40(2), 109-123.
  • Barney, J.B. (1986). Organizational Culture can It be a Source of Sustained Advantage? Academy of Management Review.
  • Barney, J.B. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, Vol. 17, No.1.
  • Barutçugil, İ. (2009). Ar-Ge Yönetimi, İstanbul: Kariyer Yayınları.
  • Boxall, P. F. (1996). The Strategic HRM Debate and The Resource-Based View of The Firm. Human Resource Management Journal, 6 (3), ss. 59–75.
  • Bremser, W.G. ve Barsky, N.P. (2004). Utilizing the Balanced Scorecard for R&D Performance Measurement. R&D Management, Vol. 34/3, 229-238.
  • Brown, M. ve Svenson, R. (1988). Measuring R&D Productivity. Research Technology Management, 31, 4, 11-15.
  • Brown, W.B. ve Gobeli, D. (1992). Observations on The Measurement of R&D Productivity: A Case Study. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 39, 4, 325-331.
  • Campbell, A. ve Luchs, K.S. (2002). Temel Yetenek Tabanlı Strateji: Rekabetçi İş Ortamında Ayırt Edici Özellikler, Epsilon Yayıncılık.
  • Chiesa, V., Frattini, F., Lazzarotti, V. ve Manzini, R. (2007). How Do Measurement Objectives Influence the R&D Performance Measurement System Design? Evidence from a Multiple Case Study. Management Research News, 30(3), 187-202.
  • Cooper, R.G. and Kleinschmidt, E. (1996). Winning Businesses in Product Development: The Critical Success Factors. Research Technology Management, 39, 4, 18-29.
  • Cordero, R. (1990). The Measurement of Innovation Performance in the Firm: An Overview. Research Policy, 19, 2, 185-192.
  • Driva, H., Pawar, K.S. ve Menon, U. (2000). Measuring Product Development Performance in Manufacturing Organizations. International Journal of Production Economics, 63, 147-159.
  • Drucker, P.F. (1996). Gelecek İçin Yönetim. 4. Baskı, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Ellis, L.W. ve Curtis, C.C. (1995). Speedy R&D: How Beneficial? Research Technology Management, 38, 4, 42-51.
  • Fey, C. F. ve Birkinshaw, J. (2005). External Sources of Knowledge, Governance Mode, and R&D Performance. Journal of Management, 31(4), 597-621.
  • Foss, N. J. (1996). Research in Strategy, Economics, and Michael Porter. Journal of Management Studies, 33, 1.
  • Grant, R. M. (1991). The Resource-Based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implications for strategy formulation. California Management Review. s. 125.
  • Grant, R.M., (1996). Toward a Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17.
  • Griffin, A. ve Page A.L. (1996). PDMA Success Measurement Project: Recommended Measures for Product Development Success and Failure. The Journal of Product Innovation Management, 13, 478-496.
  • Harrison, J.S., Hitt, M. A., Hoskisson, R.E. ve Ireland R.D. (1991). Synergies and Post-Acquisition Performance: Differences Versus Similarities in Resource Allocations. Journal of Management, Vol. 17, No. 1.s. 173-175.
  • Hauser, J. ve Zettelmeyer, F. (1997). Metrics to Evaluate R,D&E. Research Technology Management, 40, 4, 32-38.
  • Hultink, E.J. ve Robben, H.S.J. (1995). Measuring New Product Success: The Difference That Time Perspective Makes. The Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, 392-405.
  • Hung, C. L., Kuo, S. J. ve Dong, T. P. (2013). The Relationship Between Team Communication, Structure, and Academic R&D Performance: Empirical Evidence of the National Telecommunication Program in Taiwan. R&D Management, 43(2), 121-135.
  • Javidan, M. (1998). Core Competence: What Does It Mean in Practice? Long Range Planning, Vol:31, No:1.
  • Jenster, P. V. ve Pedersen, H. S. (2000). Outsourcing-Facts and Fiction, Strategic Change, Vol.9, pp. 147–154.
  • Kalça, A. ve Atasoy, Y. (2008). Ekonomik Büyüme Aracı Olarak Bilgi Yatırımları ve İnovasyon, Bilgi Ekonomisi ve Yönetimi Dergisi, Cilt: III, Sayı:II, 95-110.
  • Katila, R. ve Ahuja, G. (2002). Something Old, Something New: A Longitudinal Study of Search Behavior and New Product İntroduction. Academy of Management Journal, 45(6), 1183-1194.
  • Katz, R. ve Allen, T. J.(1985). Project Performance and the Locus of Influence in the R&D Matrix. The Academy of Management Journal, 28(1), 67–87.
  • Kerssens-van Drongelen, I.C. ve Bilderbeek, J. (1999). R&D Performance Measurement: More Than Choosing a Set of Metrics. R&D Management, 29, 1, 35-46.
  • Kim, B. ve Oh, H. (2002). An Effective R&D Performance Measurement System: Survey of Korean R&D researchers. The International Journal of Management Science, 30, 19-31.
  • Lazzarotti, V., Manzini, R. ve Mari, L. (2011). A Model for R&D Performance Measurement. International Journal of Production Economics, 134(1), 212-223.
  • Lee, M., Son, B. ve Lee, H. (1996). Measuring R&D Effectiveness in Korean Companies. Research Technology Management, 39, 6, 28-31.
  • Leonard-Barton, D. (1992). Core Capabilities, Core Rigidities: A Paradox in Managing New Product Development. Strategic Management Journal, Summer Special Issue, 13, s.113.
  • Lepak, D.P. ve Snell, S. A. (1999). The Human Resource Architecture: Toward a Theory of Human Capital Allocation and Development. Academy of Management Review, 24, ss. 31–48.
  • Lichtenberg, F. R. 2002. Sources of U.S. longevity increase, 1960-1997, NBE. Working Paper, National Bureau of Economic Research, No: 8755
  • Major, E., Asch. D. ve Cordey-Hayes M. (2001). Foresight as a Core Competence. Futures 33, pp.91-107.
  • Martin, B. R. (2016). R&D Policy İnstruments–A Critical Review of What We Do and Don’t Know. Industry and Innovation, 23(2), 157-176.
  • Matheson, D. ve Matheson, J. (1999). Akıllı Örgüt, Boyner Holding Yayınevi, İstanbul.
  • Meyer, M.H., Tertzakian, P. ve Utterback, J.M. (1997). Metrics for Managing Research and Development in the Context of the Product Family, Management Science, 43, 1, 88-111.
  • Mooney, A. (2007). Core Competence, Distinctive Competence, and Competitive Advantage: What is the Difference? Journal of Education for Business, pp.110-115.
  • MÜSİAD Araştırma Raporları. (2012). Küresel Rekabet için Ar-Ge ve İnovasyon. Stratejik Dönüşüm Önerisi. MÜSİAD Araştırma Raporları.
  • OECD. 2011, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2011, OECD Publishing.
  • Ojanen, V. ve Vuola, O. (2003). Categorizing the Measures and Evaluation Methods of R & D Performance: A State-of-the-art Review on R&D Performance Analysis. Lappeenranta University of Technology.
  • Özer, M. A. (2006). Yönetişim Üzerine Notlar. Sayıştay Dergisi, ISSN: 1300 – 1981.
  • Pitt, M. ve Clarke, K. (1999). Competing on Competence: A Knowledge Perspective on the Management of Strategic Innovation. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 11(3), s.301.
  • Prahalad, C.K. ve Hamel, G. (1990). The Core Competence of the Corporation. Harvard Business Review.
  • Reed, R. ve Defillippi, R.J. (1990). Causal Ambiguity, Barriers to İmitation, and Sustainable Competitive Advantage. Academy of Management Review, Vol: 15, No:1.
  • Rumelt, R. P. (1987). Theory, strategy, and entrepreneurship. The Competitive Challenge, 137(158), 1-22.
  • Sanchez, R. ve Henee, A. (1997). Reinventing Strategic Management: New Theory and Practice for Competence-Based Competition. European Management Journal, Vol. 15, No.3.
  • Schilling, M. A. ve Hill, C. W. (1998). Managing the New Product Development Process: Strategic Imperatives. The Academy of Management Executive, 12(3), 67-81.
  • Schumann, P., Ransley, D. ve Prestwood, D. (1995). Measuring R&D Performance. Research Technology Management, 38, 3, 45-54.
  • Srivastava, R. J., Fahey, L. ve Chiristensen, H. K. (2001). The Resource-Based View and Marketing: The Role of Market-Based Assets in Gaining Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 27, ss. 777–802.
  • Taymaz, E., (2001). Ulusal Yenilik Sistemi: Türkiye İmalat Sanayinde Teknolojik Değişim ve Yenilik Süreçleri, TÜBİTAK/TTGV/DİE, Ankara.
  • Tipping, J.W., Zeffren, Z. Fusfeld A.R. (1995). Assessing the Value of Your Technology. Research–Technology Management, 38, 22–39.
  • Torkkeli, M. ve Tuominen, M. (2002). The Contribution of Technology Selection to Core Competencies. International Journal of Production Economics, Vol: 77.
  • TÜBİTAK. 2004. Ulusal Bilim ve Teknoloji Politikaları, 2003-2023 Strateji Belgesi.
  • Werner, B.M. ve Souder, W.E. (1997a). Measuring R&D Performance – State of the Art. Research Technology Management, 40, 2, 34-42.
  • Wernerfelt, B., (1984). A Resource–Based View of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal, Vol.5, No. 2.
  • Wright, P. M., Dunford, B.B. ve Snell, S.C. (2001). Human Resources and the Resource Based View of the Firm. Journal of Management, Vol.27, ss. 701–721.
  • Yaylalı M. ve Akan Y., Işık, C. (2010). Türkiye’de Ar-Ge Yatırım Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Eş Bütünleşme ve Nedensellik İlişkisi. Bilgi Ekonomisi ve Yönetimi Dergisi, Cilt: V Sayı: II.
There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Cemalettin Öcal Fidanboy 0000-0001-8963-0778

A. Selami Sargut 0000-0002-9337-1673

Publication Date October 20, 2021
Submission Date March 15, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 46

Cite

APA Fidanboy, C. Ö., & Sargut, A. S. (2021). Ar-Ge Yönetimi Üzerine Stratejik Düşünceler: Temel Yetenek Tabanlı Bir Yönetişim Modeli Önerisi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(46), 89-107. https://doi.org/10.52642/susbed.897006

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