Research Article
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Year 2017, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 204 - 210, 15.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.356220

Abstract

References

  • Abed Alrahman, N. M., R. A. Shibli, K. Ereifej and M. Y. Hindiyeh. 2005. Influence of salinity on growth and physiology of in vitro grown cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) JJAS. 1 (1):93-105.
  • Akil, H. 2008. Phytoremediation of calcareous saline-sodic soils of the Harran Plain. Master Thesis, Harran University (in Turkish).
  • Al-Ghumaiz, N.S. 2013. Response of five introduced forage grass cultivars to salinity stress under irrigation. Grassland Sci Eur. 18: 282-284.
  • Allakhverdiev, S.I., A. Sakamoto, Y. Nishiyama, M. Inaba and N. Murata. 2000. Ionic and Osmotic Effects of NaCl-Induced Inactivation of Photosystems I and II in Synechococcus sp. Plant Physiol. 1047–1056.
  • Alshammary, S.F. 2013. Effect of salinity on -ion relations of four turfgrasses. J Food Agric Environ. 11: 1321-1326.
  • AOAC, 1990. Official Method of analysis. 15th. ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington, DC. USA.
  • Ates, E. and A. S. Tekeli. 2007. Salinity tolerance of persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum var. majus Bois.) lines at germination and seedling stage. WJAS, 3 (1): 71-79.
  • Ayers, R.S. and D.W. Westcot. 1989. Water quality for agriculture. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 29, Rome.
  • Banuelos, G.S., A. Zayed, N. Terry, L. Wu, S. Akohoue and S. Zambrzuski. 1996. Accummulation of selenium by different plant species grown under increasing sodium and calcium chloride salinity. Plant Soil. 183:49-59.
  • Ben-Ghedalia, D., R. Solomon, J. Miron, E. Yosef, Z. Zomberg, E. Zukerman, A. Greenberg and T. Kipnis. 2001. Effects of water salinity on the composition and in vitro digestibility of winter-annual ryegrass grown in teh Arava desert. Anim Feed Sci Tech. 91: 139-147.
  • Bilgin, O., I. Baser, Z. Korkut, A. Balkan and N. Saglam. 2008. The impacts on seedling root growth of water and salinity stres in maize (Zea mays indentata Sturt.). Bulg J Agric Sci. 14: 313-320.
  • Bulut, T. 2011. The Effects of Irrigation Water Quality and Leaching Requirements on Germination and Vegetatif Growth of Alfalfa. Master Thesis, Ankara University (in Turkish)
  • Blummel, M. and E.R. Orskov. 1993. Comparison of an in vitro gas production and nylon bag degradability of roughages in predicting feed intake in cattle. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 40: 109-119.
  • Canbolat, O. 2012. Comparison of in vitro gas production, OMD, relative feed value and metabolizable energy contents of some cereal forages. Kafkas Univ J Vet Med. 18 (4): 571-577.
  • Efe, B. 2010. Using possibilities of some water holding polymers in lawn areas. Ankara University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Field Crops., Master Thesis (in Turkish).
  • Goel, G., H.P.S. Makkar and K. Becker. 2008. Effect of Sesbania sesban and Carduus pycnocephalus leaves and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L) seeds and their extraction partitioning of nutrients from roughage-and concentrate-based feeds to methane. Anim Feed Sci Tech. 147: 72-89.
  • Grieve, C.M., S.R. Grattan and E.V. Maas. 2012. Plant Salt Tolerance. In: Wallender, W.W., Tanji, K.K. (eds), Agricultural Salinity Assessment and Management. American Society of Civil Engineers 405-459., Reston, Virginia.
  • Hanslin, H.M. and T. Eggen. 2005. Salinity tolerance during germination of seashore halophytes and salt-tolerant grass cultivars. Seed Sci Res. 15, 43–50.
  • Kaplan, M., O. Baran, A. Unlukara, H. Kale, M. Arslan, K. Kara, S. Buyukkilic Beyzi, Y. Konca and A. Ulas. 2016. The Effects of Different Nitrogen Doses and Irrigation Levels on Yield, Nutritive Value, Fermentation and Gas Production of Corn Silage. Turk J Field Crops 2: 100-108.
  • Kaplan, M., A. Kamalak, A.A. Kasra and I. Guven. 2014. Effect of maturity stages on potential nutritive value, methane production and condensed tannin content of Sanguisorba minor Hay. Kafkas Univ. J Vet Med. 20: 445-449.
  • Kumar, A., S. Agarwal, P. Kumar and A. Singh. 2010. Effects of salinity on leaf grain protein in some genotypes of oat (Avena sativa L.). Res. Sci. Technol. 2: 85-87.
  • Kurunc, A., A. Unlukara and B. Cemek. 2011. Salinity and drought affect yield response of bell pepper similarly. Section B – Plant and Soil Science, Acta Agr Scand. 61: 514-522.
  • Lin, B., J.H. Wang, Y. Lu, Q. Liang and J.X. Liu. 2013. In vitro Rumen fermentation and methane production are influenced by active components of essential oils combined with fumarate. Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 97: 1-9.
  • Lopez, S., H.P.S. Makkar and C.R. Soliva. 2010. Screening plants and plant products for methane inhibitors. In vitro screening of plant resources for extra nutritional attributes in ruminants: Nuclear and related methodologie. Ed; Vercoe PE, Makkar HPS, Schlink A, London, New York. USA.
  • Maas, E.V. and G.J. Hoffman. 1977. “Crop salt tolerance: Current assessment.” J Irrig Drain E-ASCE Division., 103: 115-134.
  • Martin, R.C., K. Glover-Cutter, J.C. Baldwin and J.E. Dombrowski. 2012. Identification and characterization of a salt stressinducible zinc finger protein from Festuca arundinacea. BMC Research Notes., 1756-0500/5/66.
  • Menke, K.H., L. Raab, A. Salewski, H. Steingass, D. Fritz and W. Schneider. 1979. The estimation of the digestibility and metabolisable energy content of ruminant feeding stuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. J Agric Sci Camb. 93: 217–222.
  • Menke, K.H. and H.Steingass. 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Anim. Res. Dev. 28: 7–55.
  • Moore, G. 1998. Soilguide: A handbook for understanding and managing agricultural soils. Agriculture Western Australia Bulletin No. 4343.
  • Munns, R. 2005. Genes and salt tolerance: bringing them together. New Phytol. 167:645-663.
  • Oliveira, M.M., M.A. Carmona and M.J. Santos. 2008. Saline effects on for age growth and quality. In: Porqueddu C. (ed.), Tavares de Sousa M.M. (ed.). Sustainable Mediterranean grasslands and their multifunction. Zaragoza: CIHEAM / FAO / ENMP / SPPF., 89 -92
  • Parlak, M. and A.O. Parlak. 2006. The Effect of Different Irrigation Water Salinities on Silage Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Yield and Soil Salinity. Jas. 12 (1): 8-13.
  • Rhoades, J.D., A. Kandiah and A.M. Mashali. 1992. The use of saline waters for crop production. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No.48, Rome, Italy.
  • Robinson, P. H., S. R. Grattan, G. Getachew, C. M. Grieve, J. A. Poss, D. L. Suarez and S. E. Benes. 2004. Biomass accumulation and potential nutritive value of some forages irrigated with saline-sodic drainage water. Anim Feed Sci Tech. 111: 175-189.
  • Rohweder, D.A., R.F. Barnes, and N. Jorgensen. 1978. Proposed hay grading standards based on laboratory analyses for evaluating quality. J Anim Sci. 47: 747-759.
  • Safi, S. 2012. Determining the effects of water and salinity stress on plant growth, development, yield and water consumption in grasspea (Abstract). Jafag, 30, 1-12.
  • SAS, 1999. SAS User’s Guide: Statistic. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
  • Suyama, H., S.E. Benes, P.H. Robinson, S.R. Grattan, C.M. Grieve, and G. Getachew. 2007. Forage yield and quality under irrigation with saline-sodic drainage water: Greenhouse evaluation. Agr Water Manage. 88: 159-172.
  • Tilaki, G.A.D., B. Shakarami, M. Tabari and B.Behtari. 2010. Increasıng salt tolerance in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea schreb) by seed priming techniques during germination and early growth. Indian J. Agric. Res. 44 : 177 – 182.
  • Uzun, S., O. Uzun, M. Kaplan and A.I. Ilbas. 2013.Response of Bitter Vetch Lines to Salt Stress, Bulg J Agric Sci. 19: 1061-1067.
  • Unlukara, A., A. Kurunç, G.D. Kesmez, E.Yurtseven. and D.L. Suarez. 2010. Effects of Salinity on Eggplant (Solanum Melongena L.) Growth and Evapotranspiration. Irrig Drain 59: 203-214.
  • Unlukara, A., A. Kurunc, G.D. Kesmez and E.Yurtseven. 2008. Growth and evapotranspiration of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) as influenced by salinity of irrigation water. J Irrig Drain E-ASCE, 134: 160-166.
  • Van Soest, P. J. and R.H. Wine. 1967. The use of detergents in the analysis of fibrous feeds. IV. Determination of plant cell wall constituents. J Assoc Off Ana Chem. 50:50-55.
  • Van Soest, P.J. 1963. The use of detergents in the analysis of fibre feeds. II. A rapid method for the determination of fibre and lignin. J Assoc Off Ana Chem. 46:829-835.
  • Van Soest, P. J. 1994. Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant (2nd Ed.). Cornell University Press. Ithaca, N.Y.
  • Yan, L., Z.Yingpeng, S. Ming and G. Bimo. 2008. Research Advance in the Effects of Salt Stress on Plant and the Mechanism of Plant Resistance. (Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100). Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin.

CHANGE IN YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TALL FESCUE (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) PLANTS UNDER SALT STRESS

Year 2017, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 204 - 210, 15.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.356220

Abstract

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of different irrigation water salinity levels (0, 3, 5 and 8 dS/m) on hay yield, chemical composition, gas and methane production, metabolic energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) of plants. Experiments were conducted in randomized blocks design with four replications for two years (2014-2015). Calcium chloride (CaCl2), sodium chloride (NaCl) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) salts were used to prepare irrigation waters with different salinity levels. Drip irrigation was used. Fresh and dry hay yields, plant height, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and crude oil contents decreased with increasing salt doses. Tall fescue Olympus cultivar exhibited a moderate tolerance to salinity. Fresh hay yield decreased by 8.2% at 1.85 dS/m threshold salinity level and dry hay yield decreased 8.2% at 1.97 dS/m threshold salinity level. Crude protein content, gas and methane production, net energy lactation, metabolic energy and organic matter digestibility increased with increasing salt doses. Despite the decreases in hay yield, 8 dS/m did not result in any decreases in protein yields and resulted in low gas and methane production.

References

  • Abed Alrahman, N. M., R. A. Shibli, K. Ereifej and M. Y. Hindiyeh. 2005. Influence of salinity on growth and physiology of in vitro grown cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) JJAS. 1 (1):93-105.
  • Akil, H. 2008. Phytoremediation of calcareous saline-sodic soils of the Harran Plain. Master Thesis, Harran University (in Turkish).
  • Al-Ghumaiz, N.S. 2013. Response of five introduced forage grass cultivars to salinity stress under irrigation. Grassland Sci Eur. 18: 282-284.
  • Allakhverdiev, S.I., A. Sakamoto, Y. Nishiyama, M. Inaba and N. Murata. 2000. Ionic and Osmotic Effects of NaCl-Induced Inactivation of Photosystems I and II in Synechococcus sp. Plant Physiol. 1047–1056.
  • Alshammary, S.F. 2013. Effect of salinity on -ion relations of four turfgrasses. J Food Agric Environ. 11: 1321-1326.
  • AOAC, 1990. Official Method of analysis. 15th. ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington, DC. USA.
  • Ates, E. and A. S. Tekeli. 2007. Salinity tolerance of persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum var. majus Bois.) lines at germination and seedling stage. WJAS, 3 (1): 71-79.
  • Ayers, R.S. and D.W. Westcot. 1989. Water quality for agriculture. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 29, Rome.
  • Banuelos, G.S., A. Zayed, N. Terry, L. Wu, S. Akohoue and S. Zambrzuski. 1996. Accummulation of selenium by different plant species grown under increasing sodium and calcium chloride salinity. Plant Soil. 183:49-59.
  • Ben-Ghedalia, D., R. Solomon, J. Miron, E. Yosef, Z. Zomberg, E. Zukerman, A. Greenberg and T. Kipnis. 2001. Effects of water salinity on the composition and in vitro digestibility of winter-annual ryegrass grown in teh Arava desert. Anim Feed Sci Tech. 91: 139-147.
  • Bilgin, O., I. Baser, Z. Korkut, A. Balkan and N. Saglam. 2008. The impacts on seedling root growth of water and salinity stres in maize (Zea mays indentata Sturt.). Bulg J Agric Sci. 14: 313-320.
  • Bulut, T. 2011. The Effects of Irrigation Water Quality and Leaching Requirements on Germination and Vegetatif Growth of Alfalfa. Master Thesis, Ankara University (in Turkish)
  • Blummel, M. and E.R. Orskov. 1993. Comparison of an in vitro gas production and nylon bag degradability of roughages in predicting feed intake in cattle. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 40: 109-119.
  • Canbolat, O. 2012. Comparison of in vitro gas production, OMD, relative feed value and metabolizable energy contents of some cereal forages. Kafkas Univ J Vet Med. 18 (4): 571-577.
  • Efe, B. 2010. Using possibilities of some water holding polymers in lawn areas. Ankara University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Field Crops., Master Thesis (in Turkish).
  • Goel, G., H.P.S. Makkar and K. Becker. 2008. Effect of Sesbania sesban and Carduus pycnocephalus leaves and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L) seeds and their extraction partitioning of nutrients from roughage-and concentrate-based feeds to methane. Anim Feed Sci Tech. 147: 72-89.
  • Grieve, C.M., S.R. Grattan and E.V. Maas. 2012. Plant Salt Tolerance. In: Wallender, W.W., Tanji, K.K. (eds), Agricultural Salinity Assessment and Management. American Society of Civil Engineers 405-459., Reston, Virginia.
  • Hanslin, H.M. and T. Eggen. 2005. Salinity tolerance during germination of seashore halophytes and salt-tolerant grass cultivars. Seed Sci Res. 15, 43–50.
  • Kaplan, M., O. Baran, A. Unlukara, H. Kale, M. Arslan, K. Kara, S. Buyukkilic Beyzi, Y. Konca and A. Ulas. 2016. The Effects of Different Nitrogen Doses and Irrigation Levels on Yield, Nutritive Value, Fermentation and Gas Production of Corn Silage. Turk J Field Crops 2: 100-108.
  • Kaplan, M., A. Kamalak, A.A. Kasra and I. Guven. 2014. Effect of maturity stages on potential nutritive value, methane production and condensed tannin content of Sanguisorba minor Hay. Kafkas Univ. J Vet Med. 20: 445-449.
  • Kumar, A., S. Agarwal, P. Kumar and A. Singh. 2010. Effects of salinity on leaf grain protein in some genotypes of oat (Avena sativa L.). Res. Sci. Technol. 2: 85-87.
  • Kurunc, A., A. Unlukara and B. Cemek. 2011. Salinity and drought affect yield response of bell pepper similarly. Section B – Plant and Soil Science, Acta Agr Scand. 61: 514-522.
  • Lin, B., J.H. Wang, Y. Lu, Q. Liang and J.X. Liu. 2013. In vitro Rumen fermentation and methane production are influenced by active components of essential oils combined with fumarate. Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 97: 1-9.
  • Lopez, S., H.P.S. Makkar and C.R. Soliva. 2010. Screening plants and plant products for methane inhibitors. In vitro screening of plant resources for extra nutritional attributes in ruminants: Nuclear and related methodologie. Ed; Vercoe PE, Makkar HPS, Schlink A, London, New York. USA.
  • Maas, E.V. and G.J. Hoffman. 1977. “Crop salt tolerance: Current assessment.” J Irrig Drain E-ASCE Division., 103: 115-134.
  • Martin, R.C., K. Glover-Cutter, J.C. Baldwin and J.E. Dombrowski. 2012. Identification and characterization of a salt stressinducible zinc finger protein from Festuca arundinacea. BMC Research Notes., 1756-0500/5/66.
  • Menke, K.H., L. Raab, A. Salewski, H. Steingass, D. Fritz and W. Schneider. 1979. The estimation of the digestibility and metabolisable energy content of ruminant feeding stuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. J Agric Sci Camb. 93: 217–222.
  • Menke, K.H. and H.Steingass. 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Anim. Res. Dev. 28: 7–55.
  • Moore, G. 1998. Soilguide: A handbook for understanding and managing agricultural soils. Agriculture Western Australia Bulletin No. 4343.
  • Munns, R. 2005. Genes and salt tolerance: bringing them together. New Phytol. 167:645-663.
  • Oliveira, M.M., M.A. Carmona and M.J. Santos. 2008. Saline effects on for age growth and quality. In: Porqueddu C. (ed.), Tavares de Sousa M.M. (ed.). Sustainable Mediterranean grasslands and their multifunction. Zaragoza: CIHEAM / FAO / ENMP / SPPF., 89 -92
  • Parlak, M. and A.O. Parlak. 2006. The Effect of Different Irrigation Water Salinities on Silage Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Yield and Soil Salinity. Jas. 12 (1): 8-13.
  • Rhoades, J.D., A. Kandiah and A.M. Mashali. 1992. The use of saline waters for crop production. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No.48, Rome, Italy.
  • Robinson, P. H., S. R. Grattan, G. Getachew, C. M. Grieve, J. A. Poss, D. L. Suarez and S. E. Benes. 2004. Biomass accumulation and potential nutritive value of some forages irrigated with saline-sodic drainage water. Anim Feed Sci Tech. 111: 175-189.
  • Rohweder, D.A., R.F. Barnes, and N. Jorgensen. 1978. Proposed hay grading standards based on laboratory analyses for evaluating quality. J Anim Sci. 47: 747-759.
  • Safi, S. 2012. Determining the effects of water and salinity stress on plant growth, development, yield and water consumption in grasspea (Abstract). Jafag, 30, 1-12.
  • SAS, 1999. SAS User’s Guide: Statistic. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
  • Suyama, H., S.E. Benes, P.H. Robinson, S.R. Grattan, C.M. Grieve, and G. Getachew. 2007. Forage yield and quality under irrigation with saline-sodic drainage water: Greenhouse evaluation. Agr Water Manage. 88: 159-172.
  • Tilaki, G.A.D., B. Shakarami, M. Tabari and B.Behtari. 2010. Increasıng salt tolerance in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea schreb) by seed priming techniques during germination and early growth. Indian J. Agric. Res. 44 : 177 – 182.
  • Uzun, S., O. Uzun, M. Kaplan and A.I. Ilbas. 2013.Response of Bitter Vetch Lines to Salt Stress, Bulg J Agric Sci. 19: 1061-1067.
  • Unlukara, A., A. Kurunç, G.D. Kesmez, E.Yurtseven. and D.L. Suarez. 2010. Effects of Salinity on Eggplant (Solanum Melongena L.) Growth and Evapotranspiration. Irrig Drain 59: 203-214.
  • Unlukara, A., A. Kurunc, G.D. Kesmez and E.Yurtseven. 2008. Growth and evapotranspiration of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) as influenced by salinity of irrigation water. J Irrig Drain E-ASCE, 134: 160-166.
  • Van Soest, P. J. and R.H. Wine. 1967. The use of detergents in the analysis of fibrous feeds. IV. Determination of plant cell wall constituents. J Assoc Off Ana Chem. 50:50-55.
  • Van Soest, P.J. 1963. The use of detergents in the analysis of fibre feeds. II. A rapid method for the determination of fibre and lignin. J Assoc Off Ana Chem. 46:829-835.
  • Van Soest, P. J. 1994. Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant (2nd Ed.). Cornell University Press. Ithaca, N.Y.
  • Yan, L., Z.Yingpeng, S. Ming and G. Bimo. 2008. Research Advance in the Effects of Salt Stress on Plant and the Mechanism of Plant Resistance. (Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100). Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mahmut Kaplan This is me

Mustafa Baser This is me

Hasan Kale This is me

Hasan Ali Irık

İsmail Ulger This is me

Ali Unlukara This is me

Publication Date December 15, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 22 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kaplan, M., Baser, M., Kale, H., Irık, H. A., et al. (2017). CHANGE IN YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TALL FESCUE (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) PLANTS UNDER SALT STRESS. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops, 22(2), 204-210. https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.356220
AMA Kaplan M, Baser M, Kale H, Irık HA, Ulger İ, Unlukara A. CHANGE IN YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TALL FESCUE (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) PLANTS UNDER SALT STRESS. TJFC. December 2017;22(2):204-210. doi:10.17557/tjfc.356220
Chicago Kaplan, Mahmut, Mustafa Baser, Hasan Kale, Hasan Ali Irık, İsmail Ulger, and Ali Unlukara. “CHANGE IN YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TALL FESCUE (Festuca Arundinacea Schreb.) PLANTS UNDER SALT STRESS”. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops 22, no. 2 (December 2017): 204-10. https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.356220.
EndNote Kaplan M, Baser M, Kale H, Irık HA, Ulger İ, Unlukara A (December 1, 2017) CHANGE IN YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TALL FESCUE (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) PLANTS UNDER SALT STRESS. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops 22 2 204–210.
IEEE M. Kaplan, M. Baser, H. Kale, H. A. Irık, İ. Ulger, and A. Unlukara, “CHANGE IN YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TALL FESCUE (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) PLANTS UNDER SALT STRESS”, TJFC, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 204–210, 2017, doi: 10.17557/tjfc.356220.
ISNAD Kaplan, Mahmut et al. “CHANGE IN YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TALL FESCUE (Festuca Arundinacea Schreb.) PLANTS UNDER SALT STRESS”. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops 22/2 (December 2017), 204-210. https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.356220.
JAMA Kaplan M, Baser M, Kale H, Irık HA, Ulger İ, Unlukara A. CHANGE IN YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TALL FESCUE (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) PLANTS UNDER SALT STRESS. TJFC. 2017;22:204–210.
MLA Kaplan, Mahmut et al. “CHANGE IN YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TALL FESCUE (Festuca Arundinacea Schreb.) PLANTS UNDER SALT STRESS”. Turkish Journal Of Field Crops, vol. 22, no. 2, 2017, pp. 204-10, doi:10.17557/tjfc.356220.
Vancouver Kaplan M, Baser M, Kale H, Irık HA, Ulger İ, Unlukara A. CHANGE IN YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF TALL FESCUE (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) PLANTS UNDER SALT STRESS. TJFC. 2017;22(2):204-10.

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