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Yaşlı Manevi Danışmanlığında Psikoterapi Tekniği Olarak Manevi Anımsama Terapisi

Year 2022, Issue: 6, 9 - 38, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.56432/tmdrd.1186383

Abstract

Yaşlı bireyler, Türkiye’de en hızlı büyüyen demografik gruplardan birini oluşturmakta ve bazı saha araştırma sonuçlarına göre tüm yaş grupları arasında en dindar grup olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Yaşlı bireylerin sağlıkla ilgili yaşamış oldukları sorunlar sadece fiziksel sağlıkla ilgili değil ruh sağlığıyla da ilgilidir. Bu çalışmada ele alınan manevi anımsama terapisi, yaşlı bireylere uygulanabilecek danışmanlık tekniklerinden biridir. Anımsama çalışması ilk olarak Robert Butler (1968) tarafından, akıl hastanelerinde yaşlı insanlarla çalışmaya dayanan “yaşamı gözden geçirme” yönteminin bulunmasıyla ortaya çıkmıştır. Manevi danışma ve rehberlikte anımsama terapisinin kullanılması, yaşlı bireylere yaşamın anlam ve amacını bulma konusunda yardımcı olurken aynı zamanda sağlıklı yaşlanmayı teşvik etmenin bir yolu olarak da önerilmektedir. Maneviyatın anımsama terapisindeki sürece açıkça dâhil edilmesi, dindar yaşlı bireyler tarafından danışmanlık hizmetlerinden yararlanmayı kolaylaştırmanın bir yolu olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu makale, Türkiye’de yaşayan yaşlı bireylerde manevi anımsama terapisinin nasıl uygulanabileceğini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda makalede, maneviyatın yaşlılarda zihinsel ve fiziksel sağlık üzerine etkisi, yaşlılarda manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlik, bu danışmanlıkta kullanılan yöntem, teknikler ve etik, manevi anımsama terapisinin tanımı, tarihçesi, kapsamı ve anımsamanın manevi danışmanlık ve rehberliğe uyarlanması konuları ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmada, yaşlılara uygulanan manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlikte etik konusunda; danışan özerkliğine saygı, danışmanın danışanın manevi yönelimiyle ilgili yeterliliğe sahip olması ve mesleki yeterlilik sınırları içinde uygulama yapmak ilkelerine değinilmektedir. Ayrıca çalışmada danışanların, dinî öz değerlendirme yapabilmeleri için kullanılan nitel teknikler; manevi yaşam haritaları, manevi genogramlar, manevi eko-haritalar, manevi ekogramlar ve cümle tamamlama testlerine kısaca yer verilmiştir. Çalışmada, manevi anımsama terapisinin, pratik ve çözüm odaklı bir terapi süreci olması nedeniyle ülkemizdeki yaşlı bireyler için uygun görüldüğü sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, Uluslararası alanyazında manevi anımsama terapisinin güçlü ve etkili bir terapi modeli olduğu kanıtlanmış olsa da Türkiye’de bu yöntemin etkililiğe dair herhangi bir çalışmaya rastlanamamıştır. Bu terapi tekniğinin yaşlı bireylerle çalışan manevi danışmanlar ve psikoterapistler tarafından kullanılmasının faydalı olacağına inanılmakta ve ülkemizde de etkililiğini sınayan çalışmaların artması gerektiği düşünülmektedir.

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Spiritual Reminiscence Therapy as a Psychotherapy Technique in Spiritual Counseling for the Elderly

Year 2022, Issue: 6, 9 - 38, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.56432/tmdrd.1186383

Abstract

Elderly individuals constitute one of the fastest growing demographic groups in Turkey and are defined as of the most religious group among all age groups according to some field research results. Health-related problems of elderly individuals are not only related to physical health but also to mental health. Spiritual reminiscence therapy, discussed in this study, is one of the counseling techniques that can be applied to elderly individuals. Reminiscence work was first introduced by Robert Butler (1968) with the invention of the "life review" method based on working with older people in mental hospitals. The use of reminiscence therapy in spiritual counseling and care is recommended as a way to promote healthy aging while helping older individuals find meaning and purpose in life. The explicit inclusion of spirituality in the process of reminiscence therapy is considered as a way of facilitating the use of counseling services by religious elderly individuals. This article aims to investigate how spiritual reminiscence therapy can be applied to elderly individuals living in Turkey. In this context, the article deals with the effects of spirituality on mental and physical health in the elderly, spiritual counseling and guidance for the elderly, the methods, techniques and ethics used in this counseling, the definition, history and scope of spiritual reminiscence therapy, and the adaptation of reminiscence to spiritual counseling and care. In the study, on ethics in spiritual counseling and care applied to the elderly; The principles of respect for the client's autonomy, the counselor's competence regarding the spiritual orientation of the client and practicing within the limits of professional competence are mentioned. In addition, qualitative techniques used in the study for clients to make religious self-evaluation; spiritual life maps, spiritual genograms, spiritual eco-maps, spiritual echograms and sentence completion tests are briefly included. In the study, it was concluded that spiritual reminiscence therapy is considered appropriate for elderly individuals in Turkey because it is a practical and solution-oriented therapy process. However, although it has been proven in the international literature that spiritual reminiscence therapy is a powerful and effective therapy model, not any study on the effectiveness of this method has been found in Turkey. It is believed that the use of this therapy technique by spiritual counselors and psychotherapists working with elderly individuals will be beneficial, and it is thought that studies which test its effectiveness should increase in number in Turkey.

References

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  • Aşiret, G. D. & Kapucu, S. (2016a). Alzheimer hastalarının bilişsel ve davranışsal sorunları üzerine etkili bir yöntem: Anımsama terapisi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(3), 60-68.
  • Aşiret, G. D. & Kapucu, S. (2016b). Kurumda kalan hafif ve orta evre alzheimer hastalarının anımsama terapisi ile ilgili görüşleri. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(1), 42-48.
  • Blazer, D. (1991). Spirituality and aging well. Generations: Journal of the American Society on Aging, 1(15), 61-65.
  • Burnside, I. & Haight, B. (1994). Reminiscence and life review: Therapeutic interventions for older people. The Nurse Practitioner, 19(4), 55-61.
  • Butler, R. N. (1963). The life review: An interpretation of reminiscence in the aged. Psychiatry, 26(1), 65-76.
  • Chin, A. M. H. (2007). Clinical effects of reminiscence therapy in older adults: A meta-analysis of controlled trials. Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy, 17(1), 10-22.
  • Cho, C. M. (2016). The effects of reminiscence therapy on cognitive function, depression and quality of life among the community-dwelling elderly. Journal of The Korean Society of Living Environmental System, 23(4), 545.
  • Coleman, P. G. & O'Hanlon (2004). Ageing and development: Theories and Research (Developmental Psychology). London, UK: Hodder Arnold.
  • Coleman, P. G. (1989). Ageing and life history: The meaning of reminiscence in late life. The Sociological Review, 37(1), 120-143.
  • Ekşi, H., Demir Çelebi, Ç. & Yaman, N. (2020). Kurumlarda manevi danışma ve rehberlik. [içinde] Manevi Yönelimli Psikolojik Danışma (ss. 265-299). Ed. H. Ekşi. İstanbul: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Erikson, E. H. (1963). Childhood and society. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Erikson, E. H. (1997). The life cycle completed. Extended version with new chapters on the ninth stage of development by Joan M. Erikson. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Feldman, S. & Howie, L. (2009). Looking back, looking forward: reflections on using a life history review tool with older people. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 28(5), 621-637.
  • Haight, B. K., Michel, Y. & Hendrix, S. (1998). Life review: Preventing despair in newly relocated nursing home residents short- and long-term effects. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 47(2), 119-142.
  • Hateley, B. J. (1985). Spiritual well-being through life histories. Journal of Religion & Aging, 1(2), 63-71.
  • Hill, A. & Brettle, A. (2005). The effectiveness of counselling with older people: Results of a systematic review. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 5(4), 265-272.
  • Hodge, D. R. & Derezotes, D. S. (2008). Postmodernism and spirituality: Some pedagogical implications for teaching content on spirituality. Journal of Social Work Education, 44(1), 103-124.
  • Hodge, D. R. & Williams, T. R. (2002). Assessing african american spirituality with spiritual ecomaps. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 83(5), 585-595.
  • Hodge, D. R. (2001). Spiritual enograms: A generational approach to assessing spirituality. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 82(1), 35-48.
  • Hodge, D. R. (2003). The challenge of spiritual diversity: Can social work facilitate an inclusive environment? Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 84, 348-358.
  • Hodge, D. R. (2005a). Spiritual lifemaps: A client-centered pictorial instrument for spiritual assessment, planning, and intervention. Social work, 50, 77-87.
  • Hodge, D. R. (2005b). Spiritual ecograms: A new assessment instrument for identifying clients’ strengths in space and across time. Families in Society, 86, 287-296.
  • Hodge, D. R. (2005c). Spiritual assessment in marital and family therapy: a methodological framework for selecting from among six qualitative assessment tools. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 31(4), 341-356.
  • Hodge, D. R. (2005d). Developing a spiritual assessment toolbox: a discussion of the strengths and limitations of five different assessment methods. Health & Social Work, 30(4), 314-323.
  • Hodge, D. R., Bonifas, R. P., & Chou, R. J. A. (2010). Spirituality and older adults: Ethical guidelines to enhance service provision. Advances in Social Work, 11(1), 1-16.
  • Hsieh, H. F. & Wang, J. J. (2003). Effect of reminiscence therapy on depression in older adults: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 40(4), 335-345.
  • Hummer, R. A., Ellison, C. G., Rogers, R. G., Moulton, B. E. & Romero, R. R. (2004). Religious involvement and adult mortality in the united states: Review and perspective. Southern Medical Journal, 97(12), 1223-1230.
  • Hyer, L. & Intrieri, R. C. (2006). Geropsychological interventions in long-term care (ss. xxv, 325). New York: Springer Publishing Company.
  • İstatistiklerle Yaşlılar, 2020. (2021, Mart 18). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Haber Bülteni, 32227. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Yaslilar-2020-37227.
  • Jr. Kelly, E. W. (1995). spirituality and religion in counseling and psychotherapy: Diversity in theory and practice. Washington: American Counseling Association.
  • Kasapoğlu, F. (2020). Manevi danışmanlıkta ölçümler. [içinde] Manevi Yönelimli Psikolojik Danışma (ss. 185-218). Ed. H. Ekşi. İstanbul: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Kılıç, C. (1998). Türkiye ruh sağlığı profili, erişkin nüfus sonuçları (Erişkinlerle İlgili Sonuçları). Sağlık Bakanlığı.
  • Koenig, H. G. (2006). Religion, spirituality and aging. Aging & Mental Health, 10(1), 1-3.
  • Koenig, H. G., Cohen, H. J., Blazer, D. G., Pieper, C., Meador, K. G. & Goli, V. (1992). Religious coping and depression among elderly, hospitalized medically ill men. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149(12), 1693-1700.
  • Koenig, H. G., Larson, D. B. & Matthews, D. A. (1996). Religion and psychotherapy with older adults. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 29(2), 155-184.
  • Krause, N. & Hayward, R. D. (2014). Religious involvement, practical wisdom, and self-rated health. Journal of Aging and Health, 26(4), 540-558.
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There are 76 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Religious Studies
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Halime Hilal Taşkın 0000-0003-0186-3492

Publication Date December 30, 2022
Submission Date October 9, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 6

Cite

APA Taşkın, H. H. (2022). Yaşlı Manevi Danışmanlığında Psikoterapi Tekniği Olarak Manevi Anımsama Terapisi. Türk Manevi Danışmanlık Ve Rehberlik Dergisi(6), 9-38. https://doi.org/10.56432/tmdrd.1186383

Turkish Journal for the Spiritual Counselling and Care (TJSCC) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY NC).