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Impact of Migration on Tourism Flows: A Cross-sectional Analysis

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 133 - 147, 10.06.2023

Abstract

Migration and tourism are the most important forms of human mobility. Migration makes important social and economic contributions to destination countries by culturally enriching their societies, enhancing tourism products, and providing labour for the travel, tourism, hospitality, and catering sectors. By acknowledging this fact, it can be expected that the increase in the immigrant stock in a country may affect the amounts of tourists coming to the country through various channels.
The expansion in global migrant stock and international tourist flows provides convincing evidence as to the existence of a significant relationship between the two phenomena. Nevertheless, it can be said that the subject has not been empirically searched sufficiently until recent times. This paper aims to contribute to the related literature empirically by testing the migration-led tourism hypothesis. Cross-sectional regression analysis findings based on a large sample indicate that there is a meaningful and positive relationship between migrant stock and tourist flows. On the other hand, control variables such as cultural heritage, democratization, political and social environment, income level, and human development level have also been found to influence tourism positively

References

  • Asiedu, A. B. (2003). Some benefits of migrants return visits to Ghana, paper presented in the International Workshop on Migration and Poverty in West Africa, March 13–14, 2003, University of Sussex.
  • Battisti, F. & Portelli, A. (1994). The apple and the olive tree: Exiles, sojourners and tourists in the university’, in Migration and Identity. International Yearbook of Oral History and Life Stories,Vol. 3., Ed.: A. Skotnes, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 35 – 51.
  • Beenstock, M., Felsenstein, D., & Rubin, Z. (2013). International Immigration and Tourism to ENP Countries: Some Evidence from Israel, SEARCH Working Paper, No. WP3/23.
  • Berg, E. L., & Besharov, D. J. (2016). Patterns of global migration, in Adjusting to a World in Motion: Trends in Global Migration and Migration Policy, Eds.: D. J. Besharov & M. H. Lopez, Oxford University Press, New York, 58–78.
  • Breuer, T. (2005). Retirement migration or rather second home tourism? German senior citizens on Canary Islands, Die Erde, 136 (3), 313–333.
  • Casado-Díaz, M. A., Casado-Díaz, A. B., & Casado-Díaz, J. M. (2014). Linking tourism, retirement migration and social capital, Tourism Geographies, 16 (1), 124 – 140.
  • Coles, T., & Timothy, D. J. (2004). My field is the world: conceptualizing diasporas, travel and tourism. in Tourism, Diasporas and Space, Eds.: T. Coles & D. J. Timothy, Routledge, 15 – 44.
  • Crouch, G. I. (1994a). The study of international tourism demand: A survey of practice, Journal of Travel Research, 32, 41–55.
  • Crouch, G. I. (1994b). The study of international tourism demand: A review of findings, Journal of Travel Research, 33, 12–23.
  • Czaika, M., & de Haas, H. (2015). The globalization of migration: Has the world become more migratory? International Migration Review, 48 (2), 283–323.
  • Dwyer, L., Burnley, I., Forsyth, P., & Murphy, P. (1993). Tourism – Immigration Interrelationship, Bureau of Immigration and Population Research, Report Paper, Canberra.
  • Dwyer, L., Seetaram, N., Forsyth, P., & King, P. (2014). Is the migration-tourism relationship only about VFR?, Annals of Tourism Research, 46, 130–143.
  • Esipova, N., Srinivasan, R., & Ray, J. (2016). Global desires to migrate, in Adjusting to a World in Motion: Trends in Global Migration and Migration Policy, Eds.: D. J. Besharov & M. H. Lopez, Oxford University Press, New York, 21–57.
  • Etzo, I. (2016). The impact of migration on tourism demand: evidence from Japan, MPRA (Munich Personal RePEc Archive) Paper No. 72457.
  • Etzo, I., Massidda, C., & Piras, R. (2014). Migration and outbound tourism: Evidence from Italy, Annals of Tourism Research, 48, 235–249.
  • Feng, K., & Page, S. J. (2000). An exploratory study of the tourism, migration-immigration nexus: Travel experiences of Chinese residents in New Zealand, Current Issues in Tourism, 3 (3), 246–281.
  • Forsyth, P., Dwyer, L., Seetaram, N., & King, B. (2012). Measuring the economic impact of migration-induced tourism, Tourism Analysis, 17, 559–571.
  • Genç, M. (2013). Migration and tourism flows to New Zealand, in Quantitative Methods in Tourism Economics, Eds.: A. Matias, P. Nijkamp & M. Sarmento, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 113–126.
  • Gustafson, P. (2002). Tourism and seasonal retirement migration, Annals of Tourism Research, 29 (4), 899–918.
  • Hall, C. M., & Williams, A. M. (2002). Tourism, migration, circulation, and mobility, in Tourism and Migration: New Relationships between Production and Consumption, Eds.: C. M. Hall & A. M. Williams, Springer B. V., 1–52.
  • Hatton, T. J., & Williamson, J. G. (1994). International migration and world development: A historical perspective, in Economic Aspects of International Migration, Ed.: H. Giersch, Springer, Berlin, 3–56.
  • Illés, S., & Gábor, M. (2003). Summary of tourism and migration in Hungary, Demografia, 46 (4), 352–374. (in Hungarian)
  • Jackson, R. T. (1990). VFR tourism: Is it underestimated? The Journal of Tourism Studies, 1 (2), 10–17, (Reprint: The Journal of Tourism Studies, 14 (1), 2013,17–24).
  • King, B. (1994). What is ethnic tourism? An Australian perspective, Tourism Management, 15 (3), 173–176.
  • Kuentzel, W. F., & Ramaswamy, V. M. (2005). Tourism and amenity migration: A longitudinal analysis, Annals of Tourism Research, 32 (2), 419–438.
  • Leitao, N. C., & Shahbaz, M. (2012). Migration and tourism demand, Theoretical and Applied Economics, 19 (2), 39–48.
  • Lim, C. (1997). Review of international tourism demand models, Annals of Tourism Research, 24, 835–849.
  • Lundmark, M., Thulemark, M., & Cassel, S. H. (2012). In-migration to Tourism Labour Markets, Dalarna University, Working Papers, No. 2012:11, Sweden.
  • Massidda, C., Etzo, I., & Piras, R. (2015). Migration and inbound tourism: An Italian perspective, Current Issues in Tourism, 18 (12), 1152–1171.
  • Niedomysl, T. (2005). Tourism and interregional migration in Sweden: An explorative Approach, Population, Space and Place, 11, 187–204.
  • O’Reilly, K. (2003). When is a tourist? The articulation of tourism and migration in Spain’s Costa del Sol, Tourist Studies, 3 (3), 301–317.
  • Poot, J. (2015). Cross-border migration and travel: A virtuous relationship, IZA World of Labor, 2015: 209.
  • Prescott, D., Wilton, D., Dadayli, C., & Dickson, A. (2005). Travel to Canada: The role of Canada’s immigrant populations, Applied Economics, 37, 651-663.
  • Salvà-Tomàs, P. A. (2002). Tourist development and foreign immigration in Balearic Islands, Revue Européenne des Migrations Internationales, 18 (1), 1–13.
  • Santana-Gallego, M., & Paniagua, J. (2020). Tourism and migration: Identifying the channels with gravity models, Tourism Economics, 28 (2), 394-417.
  • Seetaram, N. (2012). Immigration and international inbound tourism: Empirical evidence from Australia, Tourism Management, 33, 1535–1543.
  • Seetaram, N., & Dwyer, L. (2009). Immigration and tourism demand in Australia: A panel data analysis, Anatolia, 20 (1), 212–222.
  • Sheller, M. (2018). Mobility Justice: The Politics of Movement in an Age of Extremes, Verso, New York.
  • Song, H., & Li, G. (2008). Tourism demand modelling and forecasting – a review of recent research, Tourism Management, 29, 203–220.
  • Südaş, İ., & Mutluer, M. (2008). European immigration towards Turkish tourism resorts: Economic impacts, Aegean Geographical Journal, 17 (1-2), 51–59. (in Turkish)
  • Uğuz, S. Ç. (2012). Migration and tourism: The case of Turkey – Germany, Journal of Administrative Sciences, 10 (19), 177–185. (in Turkish)
  • United Nations. (2019). World Migration Report 2020, International Organization for Migration (IOM). Williams, A. M., & Hall, M. C. (2000). Tourism and migration: New relationships between production and consumption, Tourism Geographies, 2:1, 5-27.
  • Williams, A. M., King, R., Warnes, A., & Patterson, G. (2000). Tourism and international retirement migration: New Forms of an old relationship in southern Europe, Tourism Geographies, 2 (1), 28–49.
  • Witt, S. F., & Witt, C. A. (1995). Forecasting tourism demand: A review of empirical research, International Journal of Forecast, 11, 447–475.
Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 133 - 147, 10.06.2023

Abstract

References

  • Asiedu, A. B. (2003). Some benefits of migrants return visits to Ghana, paper presented in the International Workshop on Migration and Poverty in West Africa, March 13–14, 2003, University of Sussex.
  • Battisti, F. & Portelli, A. (1994). The apple and the olive tree: Exiles, sojourners and tourists in the university’, in Migration and Identity. International Yearbook of Oral History and Life Stories,Vol. 3., Ed.: A. Skotnes, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 35 – 51.
  • Beenstock, M., Felsenstein, D., & Rubin, Z. (2013). International Immigration and Tourism to ENP Countries: Some Evidence from Israel, SEARCH Working Paper, No. WP3/23.
  • Berg, E. L., & Besharov, D. J. (2016). Patterns of global migration, in Adjusting to a World in Motion: Trends in Global Migration and Migration Policy, Eds.: D. J. Besharov & M. H. Lopez, Oxford University Press, New York, 58–78.
  • Breuer, T. (2005). Retirement migration or rather second home tourism? German senior citizens on Canary Islands, Die Erde, 136 (3), 313–333.
  • Casado-Díaz, M. A., Casado-Díaz, A. B., & Casado-Díaz, J. M. (2014). Linking tourism, retirement migration and social capital, Tourism Geographies, 16 (1), 124 – 140.
  • Coles, T., & Timothy, D. J. (2004). My field is the world: conceptualizing diasporas, travel and tourism. in Tourism, Diasporas and Space, Eds.: T. Coles & D. J. Timothy, Routledge, 15 – 44.
  • Crouch, G. I. (1994a). The study of international tourism demand: A survey of practice, Journal of Travel Research, 32, 41–55.
  • Crouch, G. I. (1994b). The study of international tourism demand: A review of findings, Journal of Travel Research, 33, 12–23.
  • Czaika, M., & de Haas, H. (2015). The globalization of migration: Has the world become more migratory? International Migration Review, 48 (2), 283–323.
  • Dwyer, L., Burnley, I., Forsyth, P., & Murphy, P. (1993). Tourism – Immigration Interrelationship, Bureau of Immigration and Population Research, Report Paper, Canberra.
  • Dwyer, L., Seetaram, N., Forsyth, P., & King, P. (2014). Is the migration-tourism relationship only about VFR?, Annals of Tourism Research, 46, 130–143.
  • Esipova, N., Srinivasan, R., & Ray, J. (2016). Global desires to migrate, in Adjusting to a World in Motion: Trends in Global Migration and Migration Policy, Eds.: D. J. Besharov & M. H. Lopez, Oxford University Press, New York, 21–57.
  • Etzo, I. (2016). The impact of migration on tourism demand: evidence from Japan, MPRA (Munich Personal RePEc Archive) Paper No. 72457.
  • Etzo, I., Massidda, C., & Piras, R. (2014). Migration and outbound tourism: Evidence from Italy, Annals of Tourism Research, 48, 235–249.
  • Feng, K., & Page, S. J. (2000). An exploratory study of the tourism, migration-immigration nexus: Travel experiences of Chinese residents in New Zealand, Current Issues in Tourism, 3 (3), 246–281.
  • Forsyth, P., Dwyer, L., Seetaram, N., & King, B. (2012). Measuring the economic impact of migration-induced tourism, Tourism Analysis, 17, 559–571.
  • Genç, M. (2013). Migration and tourism flows to New Zealand, in Quantitative Methods in Tourism Economics, Eds.: A. Matias, P. Nijkamp & M. Sarmento, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 113–126.
  • Gustafson, P. (2002). Tourism and seasonal retirement migration, Annals of Tourism Research, 29 (4), 899–918.
  • Hall, C. M., & Williams, A. M. (2002). Tourism, migration, circulation, and mobility, in Tourism and Migration: New Relationships between Production and Consumption, Eds.: C. M. Hall & A. M. Williams, Springer B. V., 1–52.
  • Hatton, T. J., & Williamson, J. G. (1994). International migration and world development: A historical perspective, in Economic Aspects of International Migration, Ed.: H. Giersch, Springer, Berlin, 3–56.
  • Illés, S., & Gábor, M. (2003). Summary of tourism and migration in Hungary, Demografia, 46 (4), 352–374. (in Hungarian)
  • Jackson, R. T. (1990). VFR tourism: Is it underestimated? The Journal of Tourism Studies, 1 (2), 10–17, (Reprint: The Journal of Tourism Studies, 14 (1), 2013,17–24).
  • King, B. (1994). What is ethnic tourism? An Australian perspective, Tourism Management, 15 (3), 173–176.
  • Kuentzel, W. F., & Ramaswamy, V. M. (2005). Tourism and amenity migration: A longitudinal analysis, Annals of Tourism Research, 32 (2), 419–438.
  • Leitao, N. C., & Shahbaz, M. (2012). Migration and tourism demand, Theoretical and Applied Economics, 19 (2), 39–48.
  • Lim, C. (1997). Review of international tourism demand models, Annals of Tourism Research, 24, 835–849.
  • Lundmark, M., Thulemark, M., & Cassel, S. H. (2012). In-migration to Tourism Labour Markets, Dalarna University, Working Papers, No. 2012:11, Sweden.
  • Massidda, C., Etzo, I., & Piras, R. (2015). Migration and inbound tourism: An Italian perspective, Current Issues in Tourism, 18 (12), 1152–1171.
  • Niedomysl, T. (2005). Tourism and interregional migration in Sweden: An explorative Approach, Population, Space and Place, 11, 187–204.
  • O’Reilly, K. (2003). When is a tourist? The articulation of tourism and migration in Spain’s Costa del Sol, Tourist Studies, 3 (3), 301–317.
  • Poot, J. (2015). Cross-border migration and travel: A virtuous relationship, IZA World of Labor, 2015: 209.
  • Prescott, D., Wilton, D., Dadayli, C., & Dickson, A. (2005). Travel to Canada: The role of Canada’s immigrant populations, Applied Economics, 37, 651-663.
  • Salvà-Tomàs, P. A. (2002). Tourist development and foreign immigration in Balearic Islands, Revue Européenne des Migrations Internationales, 18 (1), 1–13.
  • Santana-Gallego, M., & Paniagua, J. (2020). Tourism and migration: Identifying the channels with gravity models, Tourism Economics, 28 (2), 394-417.
  • Seetaram, N. (2012). Immigration and international inbound tourism: Empirical evidence from Australia, Tourism Management, 33, 1535–1543.
  • Seetaram, N., & Dwyer, L. (2009). Immigration and tourism demand in Australia: A panel data analysis, Anatolia, 20 (1), 212–222.
  • Sheller, M. (2018). Mobility Justice: The Politics of Movement in an Age of Extremes, Verso, New York.
  • Song, H., & Li, G. (2008). Tourism demand modelling and forecasting – a review of recent research, Tourism Management, 29, 203–220.
  • Südaş, İ., & Mutluer, M. (2008). European immigration towards Turkish tourism resorts: Economic impacts, Aegean Geographical Journal, 17 (1-2), 51–59. (in Turkish)
  • Uğuz, S. Ç. (2012). Migration and tourism: The case of Turkey – Germany, Journal of Administrative Sciences, 10 (19), 177–185. (in Turkish)
  • United Nations. (2019). World Migration Report 2020, International Organization for Migration (IOM). Williams, A. M., & Hall, M. C. (2000). Tourism and migration: New relationships between production and consumption, Tourism Geographies, 2:1, 5-27.
  • Williams, A. M., King, R., Warnes, A., & Patterson, G. (2000). Tourism and international retirement migration: New Forms of an old relationship in southern Europe, Tourism Geographies, 2 (1), 28–49.
  • Witt, S. F., & Witt, C. A. (1995). Forecasting tourism demand: A review of empirical research, International Journal of Forecast, 11, 447–475.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Kadir Karagöz 0000-0002-4436-9235

Publication Date June 10, 2023
Submission Date June 17, 2022
Acceptance Date May 5, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Karagöz, K. (2023). Impact of Migration on Tourism Flows: A Cross-sectional Analysis. Turizm Akademik Dergisi, 10(1), 133-147.
AMA Karagöz K. Impact of Migration on Tourism Flows: A Cross-sectional Analysis. Turizm Akademik Dergisi. June 2023;10(1):133-147.
Chicago Karagöz, Kadir. “Impact of Migration on Tourism Flows: A Cross-Sectional Analysis”. Turizm Akademik Dergisi 10, no. 1 (June 2023): 133-47.
EndNote Karagöz K (June 1, 2023) Impact of Migration on Tourism Flows: A Cross-sectional Analysis. Turizm Akademik Dergisi 10 1 133–147.
IEEE K. Karagöz, “Impact of Migration on Tourism Flows: A Cross-sectional Analysis”, Turizm Akademik Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 133–147, 2023.
ISNAD Karagöz, Kadir. “Impact of Migration on Tourism Flows: A Cross-Sectional Analysis”. Turizm Akademik Dergisi 10/1 (June 2023), 133-147.
JAMA Karagöz K. Impact of Migration on Tourism Flows: A Cross-sectional Analysis. Turizm Akademik Dergisi. 2023;10:133–147.
MLA Karagöz, Kadir. “Impact of Migration on Tourism Flows: A Cross-Sectional Analysis”. Turizm Akademik Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 1, 2023, pp. 133-47.
Vancouver Karagöz K. Impact of Migration on Tourism Flows: A Cross-sectional Analysis. Turizm Akademik Dergisi. 2023;10(1):133-47.