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Psychological Counselor Candidates’ Attitudes towards Gender Roles: The Predictive Role of Multicultural Personality Trait

Year 2020, Volume: 10 Issue: 56, 131 - 158, 31.03.2020

Abstract

This study aims to investigate multicultural personality traits and attitudes towards gender roles of psychological counselor candidates (PCC). A total of 234 (156 female, 67%) PCCs completed measures of Gender Roles Attitude Scale, Multicultural Personality Scale and the Personal Information. Correlation analysis, variance analysis, independent samples t-test, regression analysis and mediation analysis were performed for data analyzing. This study showed that while attitudes towards gender roles of PCCs have a significantdifference in terms of gender, mother working status and place where most of life is passed, no significant difference was observed according to the grade level. Furthermore, multicultural personality traits were related to attitudes toward the gender roles. In addition, gender, cultural empathy, flexibility and social initiative multicultural personality traits explained about 31% of the variance in the attitudes towards gender roles of PCCs. Lastly, cultural empathy and flexibility had a partially mediating effect on the predictive role of gender.

References

  • American Psychological Association. (2003). Guidelines on multicultural education, training, research, practice, and organizational change for psychologists. The American Psychologist, 58(5), 377.
  • Atış, F. (2010). Ebelik/Hemşirelik 1. ve 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumlarının belirlenmesi [Attitudes of determine 1st and 4th class of midwifery/nursing students' regarding to gender roles]. (Unpublished master thesis), Çukurova Üniversitesi Adana.
  • Avşar, S. (2017). Toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri bağlamında tarihsel rollerini yitiren erkekliğin çöküşü: Küllerinden “yeni erkek” liğin doğuşu [The lost historical gender roles and the collapse of masculinity: “New masculinity” rising from the ashes]. Kadem Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 224-241.
  • Aylaz, R., Güneş, G., Uzun, Ö., & Ünal, S. (2014). Üniversite öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet rolüne yönelik görüşleri [Opinions of university students on gender roles]. Sürekli Tıp Eğitim Dergisi, 23(5), 183-189.
  • Bektas, D. Y. (2006). Kültüre duyarlı psikolojik danışma yeterlikleri ve psikolojik danışman eğitimindeki yeri [Multicultural counseling competences and the place of multicultural competences in counseling education]. Ege Egitim Dergisi, 1, 43-59.
  • Blackstone, A. M. (2003). Gender roles and society. In J. R. Miller, R. M. Lerner, & L. B. Schiamberg (Eds.), Human Ecology: An Encyclopedia Of Children, Families, Communities, And Environments, . Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.
  • Chao, R. C. L. (2012). Racial/ethnic identity, gender‐role attitudes, and multicultural counseling competence: The role of multicultural counseling training. Journal of Counseling & Development, 90(1), 35-44.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitaive and qualitative research (4 ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
  • Çalışır, G., & Okur-Çakıcı, F. (2015). Toplumsal cinsiyet bağlamında sosyal medyada kurulan benlik inşasının temsili [Representation of individuality construction established in social media in the context of gender]. Electronic Turkish Studies, 10(10), 267-290.
  • Çam, Z., Çavdar, D., Seydooğulları, S., & Çok, F. (2012). Ahlak gelişimine klasik ve yeni kuramsal yaklaşımlar [Classical and contemporary approaches for moral development]. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 12(2), 1211-1122.
  • Çelik, H. (2008). Çokkültürlülük ve Türkiye'deki görünümü [Multiculturalism and the appearance in Turkey]. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(15), 319-332.
  • Dedeoğlu, S. (2000). Toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri açısından Türkiye’de aile ve kadın emeği [Family and women's labor in Turkey in terms of gender roles]. Toplum ve Bilim, 86, 139-170.
  • Duncan, L. E., Peterson, B. E., & Winter, D. G. (1997). Authoritarianism and gender roles: Toward a psychological analysis of hegemonic relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(1), 41-49.
  • Fischer, J., & Anderson, V. N. (2012). Gender role attitudes and characteristics of stay-at-home and employed fathers. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 13(1), 16.
  • Gervai, J., Turner, P. J., & Hinde, R. A. (1995). Gender-related behaviour, attitudes, and personality in parents of young children in England and Hungary. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 18(1), 105-126.
  • Giddens, A. (2008). Sosyoloji [Sociology]. İstanbul: Kırmızı Yayınları.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regressionbased approach. New York: Guilford Publications.
  • Istenič, M. Č. (2007). Attitudes towards gender roles and gender role behaviour among urban, rural, and farm populations in Slovenia. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 477-496.
  • Kağnıcı, D. Y. (2016). Çok kültürlü psikolojik danışma eğitiminin rehberlik ve psikolojik danışmanlık lisans programlarına yerleştirilmesi [Accommodating multicultural counseling training in the guidance and counseling undergraduate programs]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(40), 222-231.
  • Karaırmak, Ö. (2008). Çok kültürlülük, kültürel duyarlılık ve psikolojik danışma [Multiculturalism, cultural sensitivity and counseling.]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(29), 115-129.
  • Kortmann, A. K. (2016). The relationship between multicultural competence, foreign language mastery and job performance. (Master), Radboud University, Nijmegen.
  • Lindsey, L. L. (2015). Gender roles: A sociological perspective: Routledge.
  • McCrae, R. R., & John, O. P. (1992). An introduction to the five‐factor model and its applications. Journal of Personality, 60(2), 175-215.
  • Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı [Ministry of National Education]. (2018). 2023 Eğitim Vizyonu [2023 Educational Vision]. Retrieved from http://2023vizyonu.meb.gov.tr/doc/2023_EGITIM_VIZYONU.pdf
  • Mintz, L. B., & O'Neil, J. M. (1990). Gender roles, sex, and the process of psychotherapy: Many questions and few answers. Journal of Counseling & Development, 68(4), 381-387.
  • Ökten, S. (2009). Toplumsal cinsiyet ve iktidar: Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nin toplumsal cinsiyet düzeni [Gender and power: The system of gender in Southeastern Anatolia]. Journal of International Social Research, 2(8), 302-312.
  • Öngen, B., & Aytaç, S. (2013). Üniversite öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumları ve yaşam değerleri ilişkisi [Attitudes of university students regarding to gender roles and relationship with life values]. Sosyoloji Konferansları, 48(2013-2), 1-18.
  • Ötken, A. B., & Cenkci, T. (2013). Beş faktör kişilik modeli ve örgütsel muhalefet arasındaki ilişki üzerine bir araştırma [A study on the relationship between the big five personality model and organizational dissent]. Öneri Dergisi, 10(39), 41-51.
  • Özbay, Y., Terzi, Ş., Erkan, S., & Cihangir-Çankaya, Z. (2011). Üniversite öğrencilerinin profesyonel yardım arama tutumları, cinsiyet rolleri ve kendini saklama düzeyleri [A primary investigation of professional help-seeking attitudes, self-concealment and gender roles of university students]. Pegem Eğitim ve Öğretim Dergisi, 1(4), 59-71.
  • Özmete, E., & Yanardağ, M. Z. (2016). Erkeklerin bakış açısıyla toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri: Kadın ve erkek olmanın değeri [The Male perspective on gender roles: The value of being a male or a female]. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 20(1), 91-106.
  • Pınar, G., Taşın, L., & Eroğlu, K. (2008). Başkent Üniversitesi Öğrenci Yurdunda kalan gençlerin toplumsal cinsiyet rol kalıplarına İlişkin tutumları [The behaviours of the students in Dormitory of Baskent University against sexual role patterns]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1), 47-57.
  • Polat, S. (2009). Öğretmen adaylarının çok kültürlü eğitime yönelik kişilik özellikleri [Probationary teachers’ level of inclination to multi-cultural education]. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 1(1), 154-164.
  • Rosado, C. (1996). Toward a definition of multiculturalism. Retrieved 23 January 2019 http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.564.5910&rep=rep1&typ e=pdf
  • Seçgin, F., & Tural, A. (2011). Sınıf öğretmenliği bölümü öğretmen adaylarının toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumları [Attitudes on gender roles of primary school teacher candidates]. Journal of New World Sciences Academy Education Sciences, 6(4), 2446-2458.
  • Sue, D., Arredondo, P., & McDavis, R. (1992). Multicultural competencies/standards: A pressing need. Journal of Counseling and Development, 70(4), 477-486.
  • Sue, D. W., Bernier, J. E., Durran, A., Feinberg, L., Pedersen, P., Smith, E. J., & VasquezNuttall, E. (1982). Position paper: Cross-cultural counseling competencies. The Counseling Psychologist, 10(2), 45-52.
  • Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2012). Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Sweeting, H., Bhaskar, A., Benzeval, M., Popham, F., & Hunt, K. (2014). Changing gender roles and attitudes and their implications for well-being around the new millennium. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 49(5), 791-809.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6 ed.). Boston MA: Pearson.
  • Tuck, B., Rolfe, J., & Adair, V. (1994). Adolescents' attitude toward gender roles within work and its relationship to gender, personality type, and parental occupation. Sex Roles, 31(9-10), 547-558.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu[Turkish Statistical Institute]. (2018). Uluslararası göç istatistikleri 2017 [International migrations statistics 2017]. Retrieved from http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=30607
  • Umucu, E., & Acar, N. V. (2011). Grupla psikolojik danışma sürecinde direnç öğesi olan kültürel etmenlere psikolojik danışmanın müdahalesi [Counselors’ intervention of the cultural factors that have elements of resistance in group counseling.]. Ege Egitim Dergisi, 12(1), 99-113.
  • Van Der Zee, K. I., & Van Oudenhoven, J. P. (2000). The Multicultural Personality Questionnaire: A multidimensional instrument of multicultural effectiveness. European Journal of Personality, 14(4), 291-309.
  • Van der Zee, K. I., & Van Oudenhoven, J. P. (2001). The Multicultural Personality Questionnaire: Reliability and validity of self-and other ratings of multicultural effectiveness. Journal of Research in Personality, 35(3), 278-288.
  • Van Oudenhoven, J. P., & Van der Zee, K. I. (2002). Predicting multicultural effectiveness of international students: The Multicultural Personality Questionnaire. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 26(6), 679-694.
  • Wester, S. R. (2008). Male gender role conflict and multiculturalism: Implications for counseling psychology. The Counseling Psychologist, 36(2), 294-324.
  • Wienclaw, R. A. (2011). Gender Differences: Biology & Culture. In In T. e. Press, Gender Roles Equality (pp. 15-24). Ipswich: Salem Press.
  • Zeybekoğlu, Ö. (2010). Toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri bağlamında Türk toplumunun erkeklik algısı [The Turkish perception of masculinity within the context of gender roles]. Ethos: Felsefe ve Toplumsal Bilimlerde Diyaloglar, 3(1), 1-14.
  • Zeyneloğlu, S., & Terzioğlu, F. (2011). Toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri tutum ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi ve psikometrik özellikleri [Development and psychometric properties Gender Roles Attitude Scale]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 40, 409-420.
Year 2020, Volume: 10 Issue: 56, 131 - 158, 31.03.2020

Abstract

References

  • American Psychological Association. (2003). Guidelines on multicultural education, training, research, practice, and organizational change for psychologists. The American Psychologist, 58(5), 377.
  • Atış, F. (2010). Ebelik/Hemşirelik 1. ve 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumlarının belirlenmesi [Attitudes of determine 1st and 4th class of midwifery/nursing students' regarding to gender roles]. (Unpublished master thesis), Çukurova Üniversitesi Adana.
  • Avşar, S. (2017). Toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri bağlamında tarihsel rollerini yitiren erkekliğin çöküşü: Küllerinden “yeni erkek” liğin doğuşu [The lost historical gender roles and the collapse of masculinity: “New masculinity” rising from the ashes]. Kadem Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 224-241.
  • Aylaz, R., Güneş, G., Uzun, Ö., & Ünal, S. (2014). Üniversite öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet rolüne yönelik görüşleri [Opinions of university students on gender roles]. Sürekli Tıp Eğitim Dergisi, 23(5), 183-189.
  • Bektas, D. Y. (2006). Kültüre duyarlı psikolojik danışma yeterlikleri ve psikolojik danışman eğitimindeki yeri [Multicultural counseling competences and the place of multicultural competences in counseling education]. Ege Egitim Dergisi, 1, 43-59.
  • Blackstone, A. M. (2003). Gender roles and society. In J. R. Miller, R. M. Lerner, & L. B. Schiamberg (Eds.), Human Ecology: An Encyclopedia Of Children, Families, Communities, And Environments, . Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.
  • Chao, R. C. L. (2012). Racial/ethnic identity, gender‐role attitudes, and multicultural counseling competence: The role of multicultural counseling training. Journal of Counseling & Development, 90(1), 35-44.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitaive and qualitative research (4 ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
  • Çalışır, G., & Okur-Çakıcı, F. (2015). Toplumsal cinsiyet bağlamında sosyal medyada kurulan benlik inşasının temsili [Representation of individuality construction established in social media in the context of gender]. Electronic Turkish Studies, 10(10), 267-290.
  • Çam, Z., Çavdar, D., Seydooğulları, S., & Çok, F. (2012). Ahlak gelişimine klasik ve yeni kuramsal yaklaşımlar [Classical and contemporary approaches for moral development]. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 12(2), 1211-1122.
  • Çelik, H. (2008). Çokkültürlülük ve Türkiye'deki görünümü [Multiculturalism and the appearance in Turkey]. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(15), 319-332.
  • Dedeoğlu, S. (2000). Toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri açısından Türkiye’de aile ve kadın emeği [Family and women's labor in Turkey in terms of gender roles]. Toplum ve Bilim, 86, 139-170.
  • Duncan, L. E., Peterson, B. E., & Winter, D. G. (1997). Authoritarianism and gender roles: Toward a psychological analysis of hegemonic relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(1), 41-49.
  • Fischer, J., & Anderson, V. N. (2012). Gender role attitudes and characteristics of stay-at-home and employed fathers. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 13(1), 16.
  • Gervai, J., Turner, P. J., & Hinde, R. A. (1995). Gender-related behaviour, attitudes, and personality in parents of young children in England and Hungary. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 18(1), 105-126.
  • Giddens, A. (2008). Sosyoloji [Sociology]. İstanbul: Kırmızı Yayınları.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regressionbased approach. New York: Guilford Publications.
  • Istenič, M. Č. (2007). Attitudes towards gender roles and gender role behaviour among urban, rural, and farm populations in Slovenia. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 477-496.
  • Kağnıcı, D. Y. (2016). Çok kültürlü psikolojik danışma eğitiminin rehberlik ve psikolojik danışmanlık lisans programlarına yerleştirilmesi [Accommodating multicultural counseling training in the guidance and counseling undergraduate programs]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(40), 222-231.
  • Karaırmak, Ö. (2008). Çok kültürlülük, kültürel duyarlılık ve psikolojik danışma [Multiculturalism, cultural sensitivity and counseling.]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(29), 115-129.
  • Kortmann, A. K. (2016). The relationship between multicultural competence, foreign language mastery and job performance. (Master), Radboud University, Nijmegen.
  • Lindsey, L. L. (2015). Gender roles: A sociological perspective: Routledge.
  • McCrae, R. R., & John, O. P. (1992). An introduction to the five‐factor model and its applications. Journal of Personality, 60(2), 175-215.
  • Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı [Ministry of National Education]. (2018). 2023 Eğitim Vizyonu [2023 Educational Vision]. Retrieved from http://2023vizyonu.meb.gov.tr/doc/2023_EGITIM_VIZYONU.pdf
  • Mintz, L. B., & O'Neil, J. M. (1990). Gender roles, sex, and the process of psychotherapy: Many questions and few answers. Journal of Counseling & Development, 68(4), 381-387.
  • Ökten, S. (2009). Toplumsal cinsiyet ve iktidar: Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nin toplumsal cinsiyet düzeni [Gender and power: The system of gender in Southeastern Anatolia]. Journal of International Social Research, 2(8), 302-312.
  • Öngen, B., & Aytaç, S. (2013). Üniversite öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumları ve yaşam değerleri ilişkisi [Attitudes of university students regarding to gender roles and relationship with life values]. Sosyoloji Konferansları, 48(2013-2), 1-18.
  • Ötken, A. B., & Cenkci, T. (2013). Beş faktör kişilik modeli ve örgütsel muhalefet arasındaki ilişki üzerine bir araştırma [A study on the relationship between the big five personality model and organizational dissent]. Öneri Dergisi, 10(39), 41-51.
  • Özbay, Y., Terzi, Ş., Erkan, S., & Cihangir-Çankaya, Z. (2011). Üniversite öğrencilerinin profesyonel yardım arama tutumları, cinsiyet rolleri ve kendini saklama düzeyleri [A primary investigation of professional help-seeking attitudes, self-concealment and gender roles of university students]. Pegem Eğitim ve Öğretim Dergisi, 1(4), 59-71.
  • Özmete, E., & Yanardağ, M. Z. (2016). Erkeklerin bakış açısıyla toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri: Kadın ve erkek olmanın değeri [The Male perspective on gender roles: The value of being a male or a female]. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 20(1), 91-106.
  • Pınar, G., Taşın, L., & Eroğlu, K. (2008). Başkent Üniversitesi Öğrenci Yurdunda kalan gençlerin toplumsal cinsiyet rol kalıplarına İlişkin tutumları [The behaviours of the students in Dormitory of Baskent University against sexual role patterns]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1), 47-57.
  • Polat, S. (2009). Öğretmen adaylarının çok kültürlü eğitime yönelik kişilik özellikleri [Probationary teachers’ level of inclination to multi-cultural education]. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 1(1), 154-164.
  • Rosado, C. (1996). Toward a definition of multiculturalism. Retrieved 23 January 2019 http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.564.5910&rep=rep1&typ e=pdf
  • Seçgin, F., & Tural, A. (2011). Sınıf öğretmenliği bölümü öğretmen adaylarının toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumları [Attitudes on gender roles of primary school teacher candidates]. Journal of New World Sciences Academy Education Sciences, 6(4), 2446-2458.
  • Sue, D., Arredondo, P., & McDavis, R. (1992). Multicultural competencies/standards: A pressing need. Journal of Counseling and Development, 70(4), 477-486.
  • Sue, D. W., Bernier, J. E., Durran, A., Feinberg, L., Pedersen, P., Smith, E. J., & VasquezNuttall, E. (1982). Position paper: Cross-cultural counseling competencies. The Counseling Psychologist, 10(2), 45-52.
  • Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2012). Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Sweeting, H., Bhaskar, A., Benzeval, M., Popham, F., & Hunt, K. (2014). Changing gender roles and attitudes and their implications for well-being around the new millennium. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 49(5), 791-809.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6 ed.). Boston MA: Pearson.
  • Tuck, B., Rolfe, J., & Adair, V. (1994). Adolescents' attitude toward gender roles within work and its relationship to gender, personality type, and parental occupation. Sex Roles, 31(9-10), 547-558.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu[Turkish Statistical Institute]. (2018). Uluslararası göç istatistikleri 2017 [International migrations statistics 2017]. Retrieved from http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=30607
  • Umucu, E., & Acar, N. V. (2011). Grupla psikolojik danışma sürecinde direnç öğesi olan kültürel etmenlere psikolojik danışmanın müdahalesi [Counselors’ intervention of the cultural factors that have elements of resistance in group counseling.]. Ege Egitim Dergisi, 12(1), 99-113.
  • Van Der Zee, K. I., & Van Oudenhoven, J. P. (2000). The Multicultural Personality Questionnaire: A multidimensional instrument of multicultural effectiveness. European Journal of Personality, 14(4), 291-309.
  • Van der Zee, K. I., & Van Oudenhoven, J. P. (2001). The Multicultural Personality Questionnaire: Reliability and validity of self-and other ratings of multicultural effectiveness. Journal of Research in Personality, 35(3), 278-288.
  • Van Oudenhoven, J. P., & Van der Zee, K. I. (2002). Predicting multicultural effectiveness of international students: The Multicultural Personality Questionnaire. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 26(6), 679-694.
  • Wester, S. R. (2008). Male gender role conflict and multiculturalism: Implications for counseling psychology. The Counseling Psychologist, 36(2), 294-324.
  • Wienclaw, R. A. (2011). Gender Differences: Biology & Culture. In In T. e. Press, Gender Roles Equality (pp. 15-24). Ipswich: Salem Press.
  • Zeybekoğlu, Ö. (2010). Toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri bağlamında Türk toplumunun erkeklik algısı [The Turkish perception of masculinity within the context of gender roles]. Ethos: Felsefe ve Toplumsal Bilimlerde Diyaloglar, 3(1), 1-14.
  • Zeyneloğlu, S., & Terzioğlu, F. (2011). Toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri tutum ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi ve psikometrik özellikleri [Development and psychometric properties Gender Roles Attitude Scale]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 40, 409-420.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Mustafa Eşkisu This is me

Murat Ağırkan

Oğuzhan Çelik This is me

Publication Date March 31, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 10 Issue: 56

Cite

APA Eşkisu, M., Ağırkan, M., & Çelik, O. (2020). Psychological Counselor Candidates’ Attitudes towards Gender Roles: The Predictive Role of Multicultural Personality Trait. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 10(56), 131-158.

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